本文主要研究内容
作者朱林（2019）在《水库沉积物中重金属的迁移与富集效应研究》一文中研究指出：大坝阻断了河流上下游的连通性,导致大量悬浮物及其携带的各种污染物质在库区沉降。其中重金属具有难降解、持久存在、生物富集和较强的毒性等特点,严重危害生态系统和人类的健康。水库沉积物蓄积重金属的同时,在受到扰动或周围环境参数发生变化的情况下,会将重金属释放至上层水体,给安全供水带来隐患。本研究以A水库的沉积物为主要研究对象,结合水库的水文特征,分析了重金属在水库不同区域的分布特征、沉积过程和迁移富集等行为,评价了重金属的污染和生态风险。针对大坝附近沉积物中的重金属,对比了A水库与辽宁、吉林两省其他典型的水源水库,为深入了解水库沉积物中重金属的水文循环和沉积物的污染管理提供参考。主要研究内容和结果如下:(1)基于A水库消落区的水位和上游的降雨量以及水文站的流量、含沙量和输沙率等水文数据,结合采样站点剖面沉积物的层理结构,采用改进的洪水事件层解译法确定该站点的沉积速率并重建重金属的沉积过程。结果表明,A水库建库以来消落区(K地区)被水淹没的时间超过65%,洪水的沙峰受洪峰流量和上游降雨强度等影响,短时强降雨造成的洪水含沙量更大。采样站点的平均沉积速率为0.97-1.10 cm/a,与通过建库前后地形高程差计算的结果相似。(2)研究了A水库不同区域和环境介质中重金属总量和形态的分布特征,揭示了沉积物粒度、有机质、库底地形和水库水动力(如异重流)对重金属在水库中迁移富集的影响。结果表明,重金属的总量和酸可溶解态、可还原态的比例从消落区至覆水区或大坝有明显的增加趋势。锰是富集现象最为明显的重金属,沉积物中的锰以酸可溶解态和可还原态为主,铅以可还原态和残渣态为主,铁、铜、镉和锌以残渣态和可还原态为主,铬残渣态的占比超过90%。重金属含量与细颗粒沉积物、有机质和水深等正相关,库底地形和水动力对前两者影响较大。孔隙水锰含量、酸可溶解态锰的含量和比例与水深显著正相关(p<0.05),与到大坝的距离显著负相关(p<0.05),表明在水库水动力(如异重流)的作用下,可溶态Mn2+沿深泓线向大坝方向富集。(3)分析了A水库、B水库、C水库、D水库和E水库大坝附近的沉积物柱状样品中重金属的垂向分布,采用相关性分析和主成分分析探讨重金属的污染来源。结果显示,A水库有机质和重金属的含量随时间的增长趋势显著,锰的增长率最高达280%;B水库和C水库表层沉积物中重金属随时间的增长趋势显著,近年来输入水库的重金属逐渐增加;D水库形状规整、简单,导致坝前淤积严重,不同重金属的垂向分布受洪水影响有相似的增加或减少的趋势;E水库坝前沉积物中锰的平均含量最高,其他重金属含量相对较少。统计分析结果表明,五个水库重金属的污染来源包括采矿冶金、农业种植以及工业和生活污水等。(4)基于所研究的水库沉积物中重金属的总量和赋存形态,评价了重金属的污染和生态风险。结果表明,A水库沉积物中重金属的富集和污染等级从H岛、K地区至覆水区或大坝逐渐提升,镉的富集和污染最严重,铜、锰和铬相对较轻;重金属对底栖生物毒害的可能性逐渐变强,对毒害作用贡献的排序为铬>砷>镉=铅>锌>铜。C水库、B水库和A水库坝前柱状沉积物中的重金属对底栖生物有毒性,D水库和E水库对底栖生物没有毒性。重金属的生物毒性评价严重依赖参与评价的重金属种类,评价需综合考虑重金属的总量、形态和生物可利用性等。综上所述,考虑含沙量和降雨量等水文要素的洪水事件层解译法能够很好地推求水库消落区的沉积速率。水库沉积物(土壤)中的重金属沿地表径流的方向富集现象明显,尤其是锰。镉在水库沉积物中的严重污染问题值得重视,坝前表层沉积物中重金属的增加趋势表明未来水库重金属污染的防治工作任重道远。
Abstract
da ba zu duan le he liu shang xia you de lian tong xing ,dao zhi da liang xuan fu wu ji ji xie dai de ge chong wu ran wu zhi zai ku ou chen jiang 。ji zhong chong jin shu ju you nan jiang jie 、chi jiu cun zai 、sheng wu fu ji he jiao jiang de du xing deng te dian ,yan chong wei hai sheng tai ji tong he ren lei de jian kang 。shui ku chen ji wu xu ji chong jin shu de tong shi ,zai shou dao rao dong huo zhou wei huan jing can shu fa sheng bian hua de qing kuang xia ,hui jiang chong jin shu shi fang zhi shang ceng shui ti ,gei an quan gong shui dai lai yin huan 。ben yan jiu yi Ashui ku de chen ji wu wei zhu yao yan jiu dui xiang ,jie ge shui ku de shui wen te zheng ,fen xi le chong jin shu zai shui ku bu tong ou yu de fen bu te zheng 、chen ji guo cheng he qian yi fu ji deng hang wei ,ping jia le chong jin shu de wu ran he sheng tai feng xian 。zhen dui da ba fu jin chen ji wu zhong de chong jin shu ,dui bi le Ashui ku yu liao ning 、ji lin liang sheng ji ta dian xing de shui yuan shui ku ,wei shen ru le jie shui ku chen ji wu zhong chong jin shu de shui wen xun huan he chen ji wu de wu ran guan li di gong can kao 。zhu yao yan jiu nei rong he jie guo ru xia :(1)ji yu Ashui ku xiao la ou de shui wei he shang you de jiang yu liang yi ji shui wen zhan de liu liang 、han sha liang he shu sha lv deng shui wen shu ju ,jie ge cai yang zhan dian pou mian chen ji wu de ceng li jie gou ,cai yong gai jin de hong shui shi jian ceng jie yi fa que ding gai zhan dian de chen ji su lv bing chong jian chong jin shu de chen ji guo cheng 。jie guo biao ming ,Ashui ku jian ku yi lai xiao la ou (Kde ou )bei shui yan mei de shi jian chao guo 65%,hong shui de sha feng shou hong feng liu liang he shang you jiang yu jiang du deng ying xiang ,duan shi jiang jiang yu zao cheng de hong shui han sha liang geng da 。cai yang zhan dian de ping jun chen ji su lv wei 0.97-1.10 cm/a,yu tong guo jian ku qian hou de xing gao cheng cha ji suan de jie guo xiang shi 。(2)yan jiu le Ashui ku bu tong ou yu he huan jing jie zhi zhong chong jin shu zong liang he xing tai de fen bu te zheng ,jie shi le chen ji wu li du 、you ji zhi 、ku de de xing he shui ku shui dong li (ru yi chong liu )dui chong jin shu zai shui ku zhong qian yi fu ji de ying xiang 。jie guo biao ming ,chong jin shu de zong liang he suan ke rong jie tai 、ke hai yuan tai de bi li cong xiao la ou zhi fu shui ou huo da ba you ming xian de zeng jia qu shi 。meng shi fu ji xian xiang zui wei ming xian de chong jin shu ,chen ji wu zhong de meng yi suan ke rong jie tai he ke hai yuan tai wei zhu ,qian yi ke hai yuan tai he can zha tai wei zhu ,tie 、tong 、ge he xin yi can zha tai he ke hai yuan tai wei zhu ,ge can zha tai de zhan bi chao guo 90%。chong jin shu han liang yu xi ke li chen ji wu 、you ji zhi he shui shen deng zheng xiang guan ,ku de de xing he shui dong li dui qian liang zhe ying xiang jiao da 。kong xi shui meng han liang 、suan ke rong jie tai meng de han liang he bi li yu shui shen xian zhe zheng xiang guan (p<0.05),yu dao da ba de ju li xian zhe fu xiang guan (p<0.05),biao ming zai shui ku shui dong li (ru yi chong liu )de zuo yong xia ,ke rong tai Mn2+yan shen hong xian xiang da ba fang xiang fu ji 。(3)fen xi le Ashui ku 、Bshui ku 、Cshui ku 、Dshui ku he Eshui ku da ba fu jin de chen ji wu zhu zhuang yang pin zhong chong jin shu de chui xiang fen bu ,cai yong xiang guan xing fen xi he zhu cheng fen fen xi tan tao chong jin shu de wu ran lai yuan 。jie guo xian shi ,Ashui ku you ji zhi he chong jin shu de han liang sui shi jian de zeng chang qu shi xian zhe ,meng de zeng chang lv zui gao da 280%;Bshui ku he Cshui ku biao ceng chen ji wu zhong chong jin shu sui shi jian de zeng chang qu shi xian zhe ,jin nian lai shu ru shui ku de chong jin shu zhu jian zeng jia ;Dshui ku xing zhuang gui zheng 、jian chan ,dao zhi ba qian yu ji yan chong ,bu tong chong jin shu de chui xiang fen bu shou hong shui ying xiang you xiang shi de zeng jia huo jian shao de qu shi ;Eshui ku ba qian chen ji wu zhong meng de ping jun han liang zui gao ,ji ta chong jin shu han liang xiang dui jiao shao 。tong ji fen xi jie guo biao ming ,wu ge shui ku chong jin shu de wu ran lai yuan bao gua cai kuang ye jin 、nong ye chong zhi yi ji gong ye he sheng huo wu shui deng 。(4)ji yu suo yan jiu de shui ku chen ji wu zhong chong jin shu de zong liang he fu cun xing tai ,ping jia le chong jin shu de wu ran he sheng tai feng xian 。jie guo biao ming ,Ashui ku chen ji wu zhong chong jin shu de fu ji he wu ran deng ji cong Hdao 、Kde ou zhi fu shui ou huo da ba zhu jian di sheng ,ge de fu ji he wu ran zui yan chong ,tong 、meng he ge xiang dui jiao qing ;chong jin shu dui de qi sheng wu du hai de ke neng xing zhu jian bian jiang ,dui du hai zuo yong gong suo de pai xu wei ge >shen >ge =qian >xin >tong 。Cshui ku 、Bshui ku he Ashui ku ba qian zhu zhuang chen ji wu zhong de chong jin shu dui de qi sheng wu you du xing ,Dshui ku he Eshui ku dui de qi sheng wu mei you du xing 。chong jin shu de sheng wu du xing ping jia yan chong yi lai can yu ping jia de chong jin shu chong lei ,ping jia xu zeng ge kao lv chong jin shu de zong liang 、xing tai he sheng wu ke li yong xing deng 。zeng shang suo shu ,kao lv han sha liang he jiang yu liang deng shui wen yao su de hong shui shi jian ceng jie yi fa neng gou hen hao de tui qiu shui ku xiao la ou de chen ji su lv 。shui ku chen ji wu (tu rang )zhong de chong jin shu yan de biao jing liu de fang xiang fu ji xian xiang ming xian ,you ji shi meng 。ge zai shui ku chen ji wu zhong de yan chong wu ran wen ti zhi de chong shi ,ba qian biao ceng chen ji wu zhong chong jin shu de zeng jia qu shi biao ming wei lai shui ku chong jin shu wu ran de fang zhi gong zuo ren chong dao yuan 。
论文参考文献
论文详细介绍
论文作者分别是来自大连理工大学的朱林，发表于刊物大连理工大学2019-07-19论文，是一篇关于水库沉积物论文,重金属论文,空间分布论文,赋存形态论文,迁移富集论文,大连理工大学2019-07-19论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用，各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载，文章观点不代表本站观点，资料来自大连理工大学2019-07-19论文网站，若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权，请联系我们删除。
标签：水库沉积物论文; 重金属论文; 空间分布论文; 赋存形态论文; 迁移富集论文; 大连理工大学2019-07-19论文;