本文主要研究内容
作者李晓丹（2019）在《城市公共交通系统污染物排放测度及其健康风险暴露评价——以陕西省为例》一文中研究指出：随着我国城镇化进程的快速推进,城镇人口不断增加,出行需求总量急速加大。为满足城市居民出行需求,缓解交通压力,各级政府纷纷提出“优先发展公共交通”的相关政策措施。这些举措虽在一定程度上有效推进了城市公共交通行业的发展,减缓了城市客运压力,但由于我国公共交通车辆载客量大、运营里程长、加减速频繁等特点,导致整个公共交通系统产生了大量尾气,给城市大气环境及居民健康造成了严重影响。因此,对公共交通的污染物的进一步的深究就显得非常有必要。通过对公共交通污染排放进行测算,分析污染排放的主要影响因素,同时探究污染排放给城市居民造成的健康风险,在此基础上为公共交通的减排及可持续发展提出相关政策建议。根据研究目标,本文首先通过对国内外学者对车辆污染物排放的测算方法对比分析,选取行驶里程法来量化公共交通排放的污染物。与此同时,为分析公共交通污染排放的变化机理,介绍了系统动力学的相关理论及建模步骤,运用该方法对公共交通排放的污染物进行情景分析;为进一步探究公共交通污染排放对城市居民健康的影响,引入暴露剂量模型和标准差指标,来探究污染物的暴露水平及不同人群的暴露水平的差异变化规律。通过运用上述方法进行研究发现,研究期内(2010-2017年)CO在出租车污染排放中占比最大,一直处于50%左右,其次是NO_X,PM10和PM2.5;而公交车污染排放最大的NO_X,其次是CO、PM2.5和PM10,且NO_X的排放量呈上升趋势,而其它三种污染物排放量均呈先下降后上升的趋势。情景分析表明公共交通CO排放量在未来十几年将呈现平稳下降趋势;NO_X排放量在低速发展情景下降较为稳定,平稳发展情景下有所下降,高速发展情景下降最快;PM2.5和PM10排放量变化趋势一致,随着发展速度的提升,PM2.5和PM10排放量的下降速度也不断增大。公共交通排放的CO、NO_X、PM2.5和PM10对中青年人的影响最大对中青年次之再次是对中小学生的影响最小;四种污染物对不同人群的暴露水平存在较大差异,且这些差异在2010-2017年间变化较为平缓,此后三种人群的健康风险暴露差异有不断缩小的趋势。基于对研究测算结果的分析,本文从政府层面,交通运营,从业人员和普通民众四个方面提出了公共交通污染减排的相关建议。
Abstract
sui zhao wo guo cheng zhen hua jin cheng de kuai su tui jin ,cheng zhen ren kou bu duan zeng jia ,chu hang xu qiu zong liang ji su jia da 。wei man zu cheng shi ju min chu hang xu qiu ,huan jie jiao tong ya li ,ge ji zheng fu fen fen di chu “you xian fa zhan gong gong jiao tong ”de xiang guan zheng ce cuo shi 。zhe xie ju cuo sui zai yi ding cheng du shang you xiao tui jin le cheng shi gong gong jiao tong hang ye de fa zhan ,jian huan le cheng shi ke yun ya li ,dan you yu wo guo gong gong jiao tong che liang zai ke liang da 、yun ying li cheng chang 、jia jian su pin fan deng te dian ,dao zhi zheng ge gong gong jiao tong ji tong chan sheng le da liang wei qi ,gei cheng shi da qi huan jing ji ju min jian kang zao cheng le yan chong ying xiang 。yin ci ,dui gong gong jiao tong de wu ran wu de jin yi bu de shen jiu jiu xian de fei chang you bi yao 。tong guo dui gong gong jiao tong wu ran pai fang jin hang ce suan ,fen xi wu ran pai fang de zhu yao ying xiang yin su ,tong shi tan jiu wu ran pai fang gei cheng shi ju min zao cheng de jian kang feng xian ,zai ci ji chu shang wei gong gong jiao tong de jian pai ji ke chi xu fa zhan di chu xiang guan zheng ce jian yi 。gen ju yan jiu mu biao ,ben wen shou xian tong guo dui guo nei wai xue zhe dui che liang wu ran wu pai fang de ce suan fang fa dui bi fen xi ,shua qu hang shi li cheng fa lai liang hua gong gong jiao tong pai fang de wu ran wu 。yu ci tong shi ,wei fen xi gong gong jiao tong wu ran pai fang de bian hua ji li ,jie shao le ji tong dong li xue de xiang guan li lun ji jian mo bu zhou ,yun yong gai fang fa dui gong gong jiao tong pai fang de wu ran wu jin hang qing jing fen xi ;wei jin yi bu tan jiu gong gong jiao tong wu ran pai fang dui cheng shi ju min jian kang de ying xiang ,yin ru bao lou ji liang mo xing he biao zhun cha zhi biao ,lai tan jiu wu ran wu de bao lou shui ping ji bu tong ren qun de bao lou shui ping de cha yi bian hua gui lv 。tong guo yun yong shang shu fang fa jin hang yan jiu fa xian ,yan jiu ji nei (2010-2017nian )COzai chu zu che wu ran pai fang zhong zhan bi zui da ,yi zhi chu yu 50%zuo you ,ji ci shi NO_X,PM10he PM2.5;er gong jiao che wu ran pai fang zui da de NO_X,ji ci shi CO、PM2.5he PM10,ju NO_Xde pai fang liang cheng shang sheng qu shi ,er ji ta san chong wu ran wu pai fang liang jun cheng xian xia jiang hou shang sheng de qu shi 。qing jing fen xi biao ming gong gong jiao tong COpai fang liang zai wei lai shi ji nian jiang cheng xian ping wen xia jiang qu shi ;NO_Xpai fang liang zai di su fa zhan qing jing xia jiang jiao wei wen ding ,ping wen fa zhan qing jing xia you suo xia jiang ,gao su fa zhan qing jing xia jiang zui kuai ;PM2.5he PM10pai fang liang bian hua qu shi yi zhi ,sui zhao fa zhan su du de di sheng ,PM2.5he PM10pai fang liang de xia jiang su du ye bu duan zeng da 。gong gong jiao tong pai fang de CO、NO_X、PM2.5he PM10dui zhong qing nian ren de ying xiang zui da dui zhong qing nian ci zhi zai ci shi dui zhong xiao xue sheng de ying xiang zui xiao ;si chong wu ran wu dui bu tong ren qun de bao lou shui ping cun zai jiao da cha yi ,ju zhe xie cha yi zai 2010-2017nian jian bian hua jiao wei ping huan ,ci hou san chong ren qun de jian kang feng xian bao lou cha yi you bu duan su xiao de qu shi 。ji yu dui yan jiu ce suan jie guo de fen xi ,ben wen cong zheng fu ceng mian ,jiao tong yun ying ,cong ye ren yuan he pu tong min zhong si ge fang mian di chu le gong gong jiao tong wu ran jian pai de xiang guan jian yi 。
论文参考文献
论文详细介绍
论文作者分别是来自长安大学的李晓丹，发表于刊物长安大学2019-11-04论文，是一篇关于城市公共交通系统论文,污染物排放论文,情景仿真论文,暴露剂量论文,健康风险论文,长安大学2019-11-04论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用，各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载，文章观点不代表本站观点，资料来自长安大学2019-11-04论文网站，若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权，请联系我们删除。
标签：城市公共交通系统论文; 污染物排放论文; 情景仿真论文; 暴露剂量论文; 健康风险论文; 长安大学2019-11-04论文;