李小菲重庆理工大学
【摘要】随着网络的快速发展，越来越多的人通过网络进行交流，因此网络用语逐渐流行起来。本文介绍了几类常见的网络语言的表达形式，并从社会语言学角度分析网络用语的成因和影响。同时本文还指出，我们针对网络语言这项新的语言种类，应该制定相应的规范对其进行引导，以促进网络语言的健康发展。
【关键词】网络语言社会语言学表达规范
【中图分类号】H08【文献标识码】A【文章编号】1006－9682（2009）11－0029－03
【Abstract】Withthefastdevelopmentofnetwork,moreandmorepeoplecommunicatethroughInternet．Consequently,networklanguagegraduallybecomespopular.Thisthesisanalyzesthewaysofexpressionofnetworklanguageanditsinfluencefromtheaspectofsociolinguistics.Thisthesispointsoutthataswearefacingthenewkindoflanguage－networklanguage,weshouldbuildsomelawsorrulestoguideits
development,fromwhichnetworklanguagecandevelopmorehealthily.
【Keywords】NetworklanguageSociallinguisticsExpression
Withthedevelopmentoftheinformationage,peopleincreasinglyrelyoncommunicationnetworks.AccordingtoChinaInternetNetworkInformationCenterdatashowthatmorethantenthousandmillionspeopleusuallyonline.Ithassuchahugecrowdtousetheinternet,thenetworkthatthereareavarietyofnetworkisnotsurprisingthatthephenomenonoflanguage.Broadlyspeaking,thenetworkfornetworkcommunicationlanguagecanrefertoallareasoflanguage.Butatthenarrowspeaking,languagemainlyreferstothenetworkforonlinecommunities,thelanguageofcommunicationused,suchaslanguageintheinternetchatrooms,BBS,QICQ,QQ,MSN,andsoon.Thisarticlediscussesmainlywithinthemeaningofanarrowsense-thenetworklanguage.
1．somewaysofexpressionofnetworklanguage
Networkcommunication,inordertotapthekeyboardtosavetime,butalsoinordertohighlightinpidual,peopleusuallyusesomenewkindsofwaytoexpressinlanguage.
（1）Abbreviationsused
Astherelativelyfastpaceofonlinechat,fast-pacedinsomecases,signsshouldbetaken（Non-verbalsigns）todisplayinformation.Abbreviationsaretocompressthenecessaryinformationcanbeimmediatelyincontactwiththemomenttounderstand.［1］Alsotherearesomekindsofabbreviations.
1）Omittedpartoftheword
Weusesomepartofawordtorepresentthewholeword.Whenpeopleseethesimplifiedoneasthecompletedword,andallofusunderstandthemeaning.
Ex.Tel（telephone）,Add（Address）,Info（Information）
2）Omitthevowelpartoftheword
Whenwetypingoutthewordonthekeyboard,thepronunciationisnotchanged.Weshouldreadthesewordsastheoneswhicharenotomittedthevowelpart.
Ex.ppl（people）,ftbl（football）
3）MorphemechangesTochangethespellingofthewordinacertainpart.［2］Thisformmakesthespellingmorebriefly.Standardize
Ex.wot－what,tks-thanks.
4）Firstletterofthecondensation
Ifwewanttowriteasentence,wecanonlygivethefistletter.Butthesesentencesarenotthegeneral,onlysomespecials,ortheseoneswhichweoftenuse.
Ex.AFASICS:AsFarAsICanSee;ASAP:AsSoonAsPossible;BFF:BestFriendsForever;DND:DoNotDisturb;GFU:GoodforYou;NP:NoProblem
Add:someChinesewordsinpinyinsimplifiedform.Ex.MMstandsforfemale,GGstandsformale,BTstandsformetamorphosis（biantai）,［3］andsoon.
（2）Digitalsymbol
Theuseofdigitalsymbols,isnotonlyamajorfeatureofthenetworkoflanguage,butalsocontemporarysociallife,theconcreteembodimentofthedigital.Ex.555555standsforcry,520standsforlove,88standsforGoodbye.
Andtherearesomespecial-LanguageAssimilation.Peoplefromdifferentcountriesusedifferentlanguages.Butatsometimeofinteraction,theyusethesameformtoexpressthemeaning,suchas4
standsfor“for”.［4］
（3）Useofspecialsymbols
Theuseofspecialsymbolscanmakethenetworkbecomelivelyandinteresting.Differentpeoplewithdifferentpersonalitiesusetheirownsymbolsincommunication,especiallyweuseinQQ,QICQ,MSN.Throughtheseemoticonssymbols,ourexpressionbecomesmuchmorelively.Inusuallytime,themoreoutgoingpersonality,thehigherthepragmaticcompetence.［5］Forcommunicatingmoreclearly,theseoneslikeusemoresymbolsatthelastofsentences.Ex.“:)”standsforhappy,“-D”standsforlaughing,“:(”standsforunhappy,“-C”standsforquiteunhappy,andsoon.
Andsometimes,keyboardsymbolscanbeexpressedasaspecialmeaning.Ex.“#”standsfornocomment,“&”standsforand.
（4）Usinghybridmethod
Thiswayistomixtwowordstobeone.Thisnewwordstandsforanothermeaning,ormakesthesentencesbriefly.Atsometimes,thisonewordhasthesamemeaningasasentence.Thelinguisticcontextisanotheraspectofcontextualism.Itisconcernedonlywiththeprobabilityofoneword’sco-occurrenceorcollocationwithanther,whichformspartofthe“meaning”,andanimportantfactorincommunication.［6］Therearetwoways:
1）MixtwoEnglishwordstobeone.Eg.ModemcomesfromModulatorandDemodulator.
2）MixtheEnglishwordandthenumber.Eg.b4standsforbefore,f2fstandsforfacetoface,10qstandsforthankyou.
Theseexpressionsareusuallyauthorizedbycustoms.Almosteveryoneusethesewordsonline.Andthisformisfamiliarbyallpeoplewhousuallyusetheinternet.Withthisform,peoplecreatnewwords.Withthedevelopmentofthetimes,anumberofnewwordsarecreated.Andmoreandmorepeopleareaccustomedtousethesewords.
（5）ANewInterpretationoftheoldword
Inthenetworklanguage,oldwordsareoftengivennewmeaning.Andwiththethought,wecandefineanoldwordtonewmeaning.Usually,peopleinthechatprocessasneededtoselectthelanguage.Thefactisthatpeopleofthewordhavebeencommunicatingoverthecenturiesandthattherehavebeenradical
changesofworld-viewswithinlanguages.［7］Andtherearealsoword-activity.Usuallyfrom“n.”to“v.”
Ex.Hostsownerofahouse－Webmaster
Bootastrongoutercoveringforthefoot－kickoutthesepersonswhoarenotpopularinthechatroom.
Poofthesoundofblowingoutcandles－leavethechatroomTosumup,wecanseethenetworkhasseveralpoints:first,networklanguageexchangewiththeabbreviatedway,itemphasisonspeedandefficiencyofcommunication.Wecansavetimeandeffortthoughthisway;Second,somesignlanguagegointonetworklanguageforstandingoutpersonality,focusoninnovation;thethird,networklanguagestressesthatthedigital,visualize.Thesewordsareconvenientandefficient,andreflectthefast-foodculture.
Networklanguagehasitsownuniquecharacteristics,andalsohasthecharacteristicsofageneraldefinitionoflanguage.Atthefirst,networkLanguagefullyreflectedinthearbitrarynatureoflinguistic,andtheformoflinguisticsymbolsandthesignificanceoftheexpressionhavenonaturallink.Atthesametime,networkLanguagealsoreflectswellthestatute.TheInternetusersareinthespecificnetworkconditionstocreateafixednetworkofprescriptivelanguage.Atthesecond,networklanguagethroughlanguagehastheadvantagesofthesecondfloor,ithasautomaticallyproductivity.Thelanguageusealargenumberofwordstomakeupamountofnewsentences,andthesesentencesmakeupamountofdiscourses.Eg.FAQmeansfrequentlyanswerquestion.Atthethird,networklanguagefullyreflectsthecreativityoflanguage.Theuseofwordsthroughnewwaystoexpressthenewmeaning,andthenewwordscanbeunderstoodbythesepeoplewhoarethefirsttimetoseethesewords.Therearemanyexamples:BF-boyfriend,CUL-seeyoulater.Withthetimesgoesby,networklanguagesshouldadvancewiththetimes,manynewswordscomeoutthoughthechangeofthewayoflife.［8］Weusuallyfindoutthesenewwordsinnetworklanguageatthefirsttime.Ex.prositotmeansthekidswithniceclothes,theylooklikestars.
Squaresmeanscigarettes.
Downloadmeansaccompanied.
2．theinfluencefromtheaspectofsociolinguistics
Fromtheviewofsociallinguistics,wecanfindouttheoriginofnetworklanguageanditsinflectionoftheinfluence.Weliveintheinformationage,andoftengettouchwithcomputer.OurworkandlifealwaysneedtheInternet.Thereareseveralwaysofnetworklanguagecomingout.
（1）Netnews
Thenetworkissoadvanced,almosteverythingcanbefindinInternet.Therearealargenumberofnewstobeuploadedateachtime.Andmuchnewsbewritebynetworklanguagecauseofpeopleusedtounderstand.Withthetimegoesby,thishabitissaved.Then,moreandmorepeopleareusedtoreadnewsinnetworklanguage.Causeofthislanguageisalwayseasilyunderstood.Andtheseoneswhoarefirstreadthatexpressioncanknowwhatthenewssaid,andfeelitmorelivelyandinteresting.
（2）computergames
Computergameshasalargecustomerbasecauseofitiscomputer-basedmedia,andnetworkcarrier.Thatisthewordsinthegamescanbegettheresonancebyusers.Suchas“PK”standsforcompetitionorcomparative,“personality”standsforfortune.Andthereisatrend,theyouthwholikenetworkgamescanusethenetworklanguagewhichinnetgames.Andthisphenomenonismoreandmoreuniversalizedandloweringages.
（3）entertainmentshows
Entertainmentshowsgiveoutmanynetworklanguages.Theinnovationwordsoftencomefromtheseprograms.Thewell-known
U.S.televisionSuperIdogivesusaword－fans（thesepeoplewholikestarverymuch）,anditbecomeseachone’shabit.Atthistime,almosteveryoneknowswhatitmeans.InChina,thereisaveryfamousentertainmentprogramSuperGirlgivesoutmanynewwords,suchas“corn”standsforthefansofLiYuchun,“bento”standsforthefansofHeJie.Then,therearemanywordsstandsfornewmeaning,suchas“litchi”,“icecream”“mesona”,andsoon.Thesenewwordsintroducenewelementsintonetworklanguage.
（4）Cartoons
Cartoonsalsodomanycontributionstonetworklanguage.Especiallymanyforeigncartoonprogramsgiveusalotofnewwordsandexpressions.Suchasthenumber“555555”standsforthesoundofcrying,and“zzzzzz”standsforcryingorsnoringinnetworklanguage.
PeoplewholikechatinInternetplayanimportantroleincreatinganddevelopingnewwordsinnetworklanguage.Thesepeoplearealmostyouth,andtheyhaveastrongabilitytoinnovateandrichimagination.Themostimportantisthattheyprefertoacceptnewthings.Inanotherside,Internetuserswhochatonlinearebasedontheexperienceofchattingatthelasttime.Thelaymanoftenmakemistaketounderstandtheirlanguage.Forexample,007istheappellationfromthemovie,butitstandsfor“Ihaveasecrettotellyou”,“10”standsforperfect,itcomesfromtheexplanationofChineseculture.ThesechangesarecomingoutwiththetimebyInternetusers,moreandmore.Ontheotherhand,theydoagreatcontributiontosociallinguistics.TheInternetisasideofchangeinsociallife.Inthehistoryofsocialdevelopment,people’sactivitymakessomeaffectiontolanguage.Althoughthistime,theappearanceofInternetisahugechangeinhuman’slanguage.［9］Atthelasttime,afeudalemperorcouldn’tletonewordtobepopularallovertheworld.Today,anewlanguagephenomenoncanbeacceptedbyeveryonewhoisonlineatthefirsttime.Peoplewhochatonlineareusuallytotapthekeyboardinputthroughthewordsandletterstocommunicate.Forsavingtime,theusersalwaysgivetheerrorwordsonline,andnotmakeittoberight.Wheneachoneusestheseerrorwords,allusersunderstandthemeaning,then,everyonedoasthis.Andthereisanothercase,someusersgivetheerrorwordsonpurposefortheylikethatwaytoexpress,andtheythinkthewordslookedlovely.Third,someyouthliketolearnthenewwords,ofcourse,theythinktheseareinteresting,andright,orfashion.Theirbehaviorissomethinglikethelanguageacquisition.Thereareprocessofdevelopmentwasexplainedastheresultofinductivestrategiesoperatingontheinputdata.［10］Moreandmorepeopleusethesewords.
Ex.PrawnsstandsforHeroes,itmeanstheuserswhogotoonlinealongyears,sometimeslikethepredecessor.
MottledbamboomeansModerators.
3．Responses
Thefaceoftheragingnetworklanguage,manypeopleexpressedconcernsaboutit.Teachersareworriedthatthenetworkwillaffectthelanguagespecificationlanguageteaching;andparentscomplainthatthegapbetweenchildrenandthemgrewdeeperanddeeperbecauseoftheemergenceofnetworklanguageexchangewitheachothermoreandmoredifficulties.Therearesomelinguists,warningthatthenetworkislikelytooverturnthetraditionallanguage.However,thenetworklanguageistrulyfrighteningasthesepeoplesay?
Wemustberecognizedthatnetworklanguagehasitsownpeculiarities,suchastherapidspreadofonlinemediathroughtheuseofthelackofstandardizednetworkvirtualspaceforarbitrarychanges.Comparedwiththeconventionallanguage,networklanguageflexible,novel,simple,vivid,humorandsoon.Atfirsttime,itwasprimarilytoimprovetheefficiencyofon-linechattingandapproachtakenbythepassageoftimeontheformationofaspecificlanguage,meetpeople,especiallyyoungpeoplenoveltyseeksunconventionalpsychological.Therefore,thisparticularnetworklanguagemediainthenetworktobecomeaneffectivecommunicationtool,arewithinacertainrangeofestablishedandacceptedlinguisticphenomenon.However,duetothecurrentnetworkmodeloflanguagehasbeenoutofthenetwork,aredownloadedtothedailylives.Especiallytheyoungstudents,eveninthediariesandwritingthewordsusedinthenetwork.Ifindasentenceinmyniece’sdiary:Shedeceiveme,TMD,7456（shepissedmeoff.）
Atanotherside,wecannotdenythatthenetworkisstillalanguage,andithasgeneralfeatures.Anylanguagehasthecapacitytoconstantlyrenewitselfinchangingsociety,anditcanbegetessence,getoffitsdregsintheprocess.Thatistosay,wedonothavetobeoverlyconcernedaboutnetworklanguagewouldaffectthenormaldevelopmentofotherlanguages.Onthenetworklanguageitself,wehaveaneedtoestablishappropriatesystemsandrulestoguideittowardtohealthydevelopment.Networklanguageisnowundergoingalongprocessofnaturalselection,someofwhichwordpeoplegraduallyrecognized,accepted,whileothersweresoonforgotten.Thesurvivedwordsofpeoplewillbeassignedaregulardictionaryaspartofastandardterminology.Ibelievethenearfuture,forthenetworklanguagelinguisticresearchwillserveasthelanguageofanewdisciplineemerged.
4．Conclusion
Thereisnodoubtthatweb-basedforumforthedisseminationofnetworklanguageplaysanimportantrole,butalsotoalargeextentenrichednetworkinglanguage.Andthushavelanguageexpertspointedout:asthemodeoftransmissionofthespecialnatureofonlineforums,webforumsaremorerepresentativeofthevocabularyusedbythenetworkcharacteristicsofthelanguage,notintoday’ssocietyisusuallyconsideredtonetworkonlinechattingtothoseusedbythelanguage,becauseInternetchatisstillacertainextent,retainedtheeverydayinterpersonalcommunicationandmasscommunicationcommonality.NetworkLanguageisessentiallyaspecialkindofvocabulary,asthelanguageofbuildingmaterials,vocabularyamajorfactorinthefulllanguage,andwhenthedevelopmentofsociety.Whenadirectimpactontheevolutionoflanguageandvocabularyisoftenbearthebruntoftheimpactofsocialdevelopment.Stalinhadclearlypointedout:“Language,themainisitsvocabulary,areinastateofalmostconstantchange.Thecontinuousdevelopmentofindustryandagriculture,commerceandtransportthecontinuousdevelopmentofthecontinuoustechnologicalandscientificdevelopment,requiringlanguagewithanoperationalneedfornewwordsandnewwordstoenrichitsvocabulary,language,alsoadirectreflectionofthisneed,toenrichthemselveswithnewvocabularywordsandimprovetheirgrammarstructure.”Languageoftenusedbythenetworkofpeople,theyoungstudentsoccupiedaconsiderableproportion.Thus,understandingandreasonabletreatmentofthenetworklanguage,tobecomeamoralimperativeforoureducators.
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