本文主要研究内容
作者邵湘淇(2019)在《不同氮肥对番茄青枯病发生的影响研究》一文中研究指出:番茄(Solanum lycopersium)是目前我国栽培面积最大的蔬菜之一,但是近年来各种病虫害的发生严重影响了番茄作物的生长、产量及品质。其中,由茄科劳尔氏菌(Ralstonia solanacearum,简称青枯菌)所引发的番茄青枯病的危害最为严重,给农业生产带来巨大的经济损失。青枯病是一种土传病害,土壤中的温度高、湿度大,易引起青枯病的发生。番茄是一种高需肥的作物,其主要从土壤中汲取生长发育所需要的营养物质,在各种肥料中,氮肥的利用最为广泛。氮肥会对作物的产量和品质产生重要的影响,但是过施、偏施也会引起灰霉病、细菌性斑点病等植物病害的发生。目前关于氮肥对于青枯病发生的影响尚不清楚,为此,本文以番茄为实验材料,研究了不同氮肥对番茄青枯病发生的影响,所取得的结果如下:1、番茄青枯菌的鉴定、分离与保存为了得到对番茄具有强致病性的青枯菌菌种,通过培养基筛选出具有致病性的病原菌,接种野生型番茄植株后从茎部提取病原菌作为分离源,并用常规接种检测的方法验证其致病性强弱,将具有强致病性的番茄青枯菌进行分离、保存,用于后续研究。2、根际不同氮肥处理对番茄青枯病发生的影响采用水培的栽培方式,对番茄施用7 mM NO3--N、7 mM Mix-N[NO3--N、NH4+-N(浓度比为7:3),下同]、1 mMNO3--N、1 mM Mix-N的氮肥营养液,番茄叶片中的NO3--N含量和硝酸还原酶(Nitrate reductase,NR)活性依次降低。对番茄植株的根部接种青枯菌R.solanacearum后,7 mM Mix-N处理的番茄植株发病最严重,1mM NO3--N处理的植株发病最轻,表明与7mM相比较,1mM浓度的氮肥可以减轻番茄青枯病的发病情况,同时,在相同浓度条件下,较高的NO3--N含量可以减轻番茄青枯病的发生。番茄根部氮代谢途径起催化作用的关键酶硝酸还原酶(NR)、亚硝酸还原酶(Nitrite reductase,NiR)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(Glutamine synthase,GS)、谷氨酸合成酶(Glutamate synthase,GOG AT)所调控的基因NR、NiR1、NiR2、GS2、Fd-GOGAT的表达量表现出7 mM NO3--N高于7 mM Mix-N高于1 mM NO3--N高于1 mM Mix-N的变化趋势。在接种青枯菌R.solanacearum后,病程相关蛋白路径上的PR基因被诱导上调表达,激素水杨酸(Salicylic acid,SA)、茉莉酸(Jasmonic acid,JA)的含量上升 50%。由此表明,高浓度的氮肥和铵态氮肥会加剧番茄青枯病的发生;根际不同氮肥处理通过影响氮代谢关键酶的活性来影响番茄植株对R.solanacearum的敏感性。3、氮代谢关键基因沉默对番茄青枯病发生的影响利用病毒诱导的基因沉默(Virus-inducedgenesilencing,VIGS)技术构建氮代谢关键基因沉默植株,并接种R.solanacearum后,TRV:NR、TRV:NiR1&2、TRV:GS2、TRV:Fd-GOGAT番茄植株的病情指数与TRV:0相比较下降25%-40%,发病症状减弱;根部抗病相关基因PR1、PR5的表达量显著上调,且在基因沉默植株中的上调倍数显著高于TRV:0植株;接病后植株根部SA、JA的含量也显著上调,且在氮代谢关键基因沉默植株中SA的含量是TRV:0植株的1.5-2.25倍,而JA的含量则少于TRV:0。由此证明,将氮代谢关键基因沉默后,番茄植株对青枯病的抗性提高,并促进抗病激素水杨酸SA的积累,但是其具体的调控机制有待于进一步的深入研究。
Abstract
fan jia (Solanum lycopersium)shi mu qian wo guo zai pei mian ji zui da de shu cai zhi yi ,dan shi jin nian lai ge chong bing chong hai de fa sheng yan chong ying xiang le fan jia zuo wu de sheng chang 、chan liang ji pin zhi 。ji zhong ,you jia ke lao er shi jun (Ralstonia solanacearum,jian chen qing ku jun )suo yin fa de fan jia qing ku bing de wei hai zui wei yan chong ,gei nong ye sheng chan dai lai ju da de jing ji sun shi 。qing ku bing shi yi chong tu chuan bing hai ,tu rang zhong de wen du gao 、shi du da ,yi yin qi qing ku bing de fa sheng 。fan jia shi yi chong gao xu fei de zuo wu ,ji zhu yao cong tu rang zhong ji qu sheng chang fa yo suo xu yao de ying yang wu zhi ,zai ge chong fei liao zhong ,dan fei de li yong zui wei an fan 。dan fei hui dui zuo wu de chan liang he pin zhi chan sheng chong yao de ying xiang ,dan shi guo shi 、pian shi ye hui yin qi hui mei bing 、xi jun xing ban dian bing deng zhi wu bing hai de fa sheng 。mu qian guan yu dan fei dui yu qing ku bing fa sheng de ying xiang shang bu qing chu ,wei ci ,ben wen yi fan jia wei shi yan cai liao ,yan jiu le bu tong dan fei dui fan jia qing ku bing fa sheng de ying xiang ,suo qu de de jie guo ru xia :1、fan jia qing ku jun de jian ding 、fen li yu bao cun wei le de dao dui fan jia ju you jiang zhi bing xing de qing ku jun jun chong ,tong guo pei yang ji shai shua chu ju you zhi bing xing de bing yuan jun ,jie chong ye sheng xing fan jia zhi zhu hou cong jing bu di qu bing yuan jun zuo wei fen li yuan ,bing yong chang gui jie chong jian ce de fang fa yan zheng ji zhi bing xing jiang ruo ,jiang ju you jiang zhi bing xing de fan jia qing ku jun jin hang fen li 、bao cun ,yong yu hou xu yan jiu 。2、gen ji bu tong dan fei chu li dui fan jia qing ku bing fa sheng de ying xiang cai yong shui pei de zai pei fang shi ,dui fan jia shi yong 7 mM NO3--N、7 mM Mix-N[NO3--N、NH4+-N(nong du bi wei 7:3),xia tong ]、1 mMNO3--N、1 mM Mix-Nde dan fei ying yang ye ,fan jia xie pian zhong de NO3--Nhan liang he xiao suan hai yuan mei (Nitrate reductase,NR)huo xing yi ci jiang di 。dui fan jia zhi zhu de gen bu jie chong qing ku jun R.solanacearumhou ,7 mM Mix-Nchu li de fan jia zhi zhu fa bing zui yan chong ,1mM NO3--Nchu li de zhi zhu fa bing zui qing ,biao ming yu 7mMxiang bi jiao ,1mMnong du de dan fei ke yi jian qing fan jia qing ku bing de fa bing qing kuang ,tong shi ,zai xiang tong nong du tiao jian xia ,jiao gao de NO3--Nhan liang ke yi jian qing fan jia qing ku bing de fa sheng 。fan jia gen bu dan dai xie tu jing qi cui hua zuo yong de guan jian mei xiao suan hai yuan mei (NR)、ya xiao suan hai yuan mei (Nitrite reductase,NiR)、gu an xian an ge cheng mei (Glutamine synthase,GS)、gu an suan ge cheng mei (Glutamate synthase,GOG AT)suo diao kong de ji yin NR、NiR1、NiR2、GS2、Fd-GOGATde biao da liang biao xian chu 7 mM NO3--Ngao yu 7 mM Mix-Ngao yu 1 mM NO3--Ngao yu 1 mM Mix-Nde bian hua qu shi 。zai jie chong qing ku jun R.solanacearumhou ,bing cheng xiang guan dan bai lu jing shang de PRji yin bei you dao shang diao biao da ,ji su shui yang suan (Salicylic acid,SA)、mo li suan (Jasmonic acid,JA)de han liang shang sheng 50%。you ci biao ming ,gao nong du de dan fei he an tai dan fei hui jia ju fan jia qing ku bing de fa sheng ;gen ji bu tong dan fei chu li tong guo ying xiang dan dai xie guan jian mei de huo xing lai ying xiang fan jia zhi zhu dui R.solanacearumde min gan xing 。3、dan dai xie guan jian ji yin chen mo dui fan jia qing ku bing fa sheng de ying xiang li yong bing du you dao de ji yin chen mo (Virus-inducedgenesilencing,VIGS)ji shu gou jian dan dai xie guan jian ji yin chen mo zhi zhu ,bing jie chong R.solanacearumhou ,TRV:NR、TRV:NiR1&2、TRV:GS2、TRV:Fd-GOGATfan jia zhi zhu de bing qing zhi shu yu TRV:0xiang bi jiao xia jiang 25%-40%,fa bing zheng zhuang jian ruo ;gen bu kang bing xiang guan ji yin PR1、PR5de biao da liang xian zhe shang diao ,ju zai ji yin chen mo zhi zhu zhong de shang diao bei shu xian zhe gao yu TRV:0zhi zhu ;jie bing hou zhi zhu gen bu SA、JAde han liang ye xian zhe shang diao ,ju zai dan dai xie guan jian ji yin chen mo zhi zhu zhong SAde han liang shi TRV:0zhi zhu de 1.5-2.25bei ,er JAde han liang ze shao yu TRV:0。you ci zheng ming ,jiang dan dai xie guan jian ji yin chen mo hou ,fan jia zhi zhu dui qing ku bing de kang xing di gao ,bing cu jin kang bing ji su shui yang suan SAde ji lei ,dan shi ji ju ti de diao kong ji zhi you dai yu jin yi bu de shen ru yan jiu 。
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论文作者分别是来自浙江大学的邵湘淇,发表于刊物浙江大学2019-05-20论文,是一篇关于番茄论文,青枯病论文,青枯菌论文,氮肥论文,氮代谢论文,水杨酸论文,茉莉酸论文,浙江大学2019-05-20论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用,各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载,文章观点不代表本站观点,资料来自浙江大学2019-05-20论文网站,若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权,请联系我们删除。
标签:番茄论文; 青枯病论文; 青枯菌论文; 氮肥论文; 氮代谢论文; 水杨酸论文; 茉莉酸论文; 浙江大学2019-05-20论文;