解春芝:基于氨基酸代谢的腐乳酱风味促熟及机理研究论文

解春芝:基于氨基酸代谢的腐乳酱风味促熟及机理研究论文

本文主要研究内容

作者解春芝(2019)在《基于氨基酸代谢的腐乳酱风味促熟及机理研究》一文中研究指出:腐乳与豆豉、酱油、豆酱并称为我国四大传统发酵大豆调味品。特征风味,作为腐乳品质的关键因素,决定着消费者可接受度,但腐乳生产多沿用传统工艺,风味后熟时间长,质量难以保证。本课题针对腐乳需长期后熟的技术“瓶颈”,以中国八大名优特色腐乳为试材,剖析了其挥发性风味物质和菌群特征,并可视化特征风味物质与优势菌的交互关联,确定潜在风味关联菌株;以主要风味前体氨基酸代谢为切入点,以转氨酶、肽酶、蛋白酶等为指标,筛选高酶活性风味关联菌株制备复配菌剂,构建了腐乳酱促熟模型;基于宏基因组学(Metagenomics)技术,结合生物信息学分析方法,探究了基于氨基酸代谢的腐乳酱风味形成途径。以期为缩短腐乳后熟期提供科学依据,进而为改良传统发酵大豆调味品风味品质提供新思路。主要结论如下:(1)八种特色腐乳理化和呈味特性分析表明,γ-氨基丁酸在细菌型腐乳(KS)中含量高达57.95 mg/g DM,是自然发酵腐乳(SS)和毛霉型腐乳(WS)的8倍;必需氨基酸含量为15.2349.57 mg/g DM,其氨基酸模式可与牛奶、鸡蛋媲美。根据氨基酸呈味特征,鲜味和苦味氨基酸所占比重较大,其次为甜味;肽谱分析表明,分子量(MW)<300 Da的呈味肽占主导优势,为79.22%95.24%;电子舌分析发现,各腐乳苦味相近,但细菌型腐乳(KS)鲜味、涩味和酸味最强。(2)利用Illumina Miseq高通量测序技术,基于种水平八种特色腐乳中共鉴定出202种细菌和125种真菌,其中优势细菌16种,优势真菌7种。通过斯皮尔曼相关系数(Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient,ρ),确定发酵毕赤酵母(Pichia fermentans)、奥默柯达酵母(Kodamaea ohmeri)、鲁氏酵母(Saccharomyces rouxii)、乳酸乳球菌(Lactococcus lactis)和鞘氨醇杆菌(Sphingobacterium sp.)为潜在风味关联菌株。(3)以转氨酶、肽酶、蛋白酶等为指标,基于隶属函数值,选取发酵毕赤酵母、奥默柯达酵母和乳酸乳球菌亚种三株高酶活性性风味关联菌株制备复配菌剂,构建腐乳酱促熟模型,其优化工艺参数为:发酵时间15 d、发酵温度28℃、菌剂添加量0.10%、菌剂比例2:1:1(发酵毕赤酵母:奥默柯达酵母:乳酸乳球菌亚种)、α-酮戊二酸二钠盐0.4%、食盐添加量5%。该工艺条件下的验证试验表明,成熟腐乳酱的总酸和氨基酸态氮含量分别为0.14 g/100g和1.35 g/100g,优于白腐乳的标准限量值(总酸≤0.35 g/100g,氨基酸态氮≥1.30 g/100g)。营养功能成分显著增加(p<0.05),其中γ-氨基丁酸由0.02 mg/g DM(豆腐)上升至30.96 mg/g DM(腐乳酱),VB2是未发酵前的8倍,为4.97 mg/g DM。挥发性风味物质种类达85种,且趋于稳定,其中58种对腐乳酱风味品质有贡献,主要特征风味物质有13种,包括2-甲基丁酸乙酯、2-戊基呋喃、2-甲基丁醛、己醛、辛醛、庚醛、苯乙烯、己酸乙酯、2-戊酮、丁酸乙酯、反式-茴香脑、2,3-戊二酮和苯乙醛。(4)通过KEGG代谢通路注释,发现氨基酸代谢(Amino acid metabolism)是腐乳酱代谢类通路中占比最高的,其中芳香族氨基酸(Aromatic amino acids)代谢占比最高,达41.3%,其次为支链氨基酸(Branched-chain amino acids),为21.9%,含硫氨基酸(Sulphuric amino acids)占比为6.8%,三者总占比为70%。参与芳香族氨基酸代谢的物种主要有乳酸乳球菌亚种(Lactococcus lactis subsp.)和短杆菌(Brevibacterium lines);参与支链氨基酸代谢的物种主要有发酵毕赤酵母(Pichia fermentans)、雅致放射毛霉(Actinomucor elegans)和鞘氨醇杆菌亚种(Sphingobacterium sp.);参与含硫氨基酸代谢的物种主要有发酵毕赤酵母(Pichia fermentans)、鲁氏酵母(Saccharomyces rouxii)和发酵乳杆菌(Lactobacillus fermentum)。(5)以宏基因组学为基础,经生物信息学分析,腐乳酱特征风味物质形成的前体氨基酸主要有苯丙氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、酪氨酸、缬氨酸、天冬氨酸等,主要代谢途径为转氨、脱羧、脱氢、氧化反应等,主要关联酶为转氨酶、脱氢酶、脱羧酶、氧化酶、裂解酶等,其中关键限速酶为转氨酶(EC:2.6.1.1、EC:2.6.1.5、EC:2.6.1.6、EC:2.6.1.42、EC:2.6.1.57、EC:2.6.1.58),较好地诠释了苯乙醛、苯乙烯、苯乙醇、2-甲基丁醛、3-甲基丁醛、2-甲基丁醇、3-甲基丁醇、2-甲基丁酸、2-甲基丁酸乙酯等风味物质的形成途径。

Abstract

fu ru yu dou chi 、jiang you 、dou jiang bing chen wei wo guo si da chuan tong fa jiao da dou diao wei pin 。te zheng feng wei ,zuo wei fu ru pin zhi de guan jian yin su ,jue ding zhao xiao fei zhe ke jie shou du ,dan fu ru sheng chan duo yan yong chuan tong gong yi ,feng wei hou shou shi jian chang ,zhi liang nan yi bao zheng 。ben ke ti zhen dui fu ru xu chang ji hou shou de ji shu “ping geng ”,yi zhong guo ba da ming you te se fu ru wei shi cai ,pou xi le ji hui fa xing feng wei wu zhi he jun qun te zheng ,bing ke shi hua te zheng feng wei wu zhi yu you shi jun de jiao hu guan lian ,que ding qian zai feng wei guan lian jun zhu ;yi zhu yao feng wei qian ti an ji suan dai xie wei qie ru dian ,yi zhuai an mei 、tai mei 、dan bai mei deng wei zhi biao ,shai shua gao mei huo xing feng wei guan lian jun zhu zhi bei fu pei jun ji ,gou jian le fu ru jiang cu shou mo xing ;ji yu hong ji yin zu xue (Metagenomics)ji shu ,jie ge sheng wu xin xi xue fen xi fang fa ,tan jiu le ji yu an ji suan dai xie de fu ru jiang feng wei xing cheng tu jing 。yi ji wei su duan fu ru hou shou ji di gong ke xue yi ju ,jin er wei gai liang chuan tong fa jiao da dou diao wei pin feng wei pin zhi di gong xin sai lu 。zhu yao jie lun ru xia :(1)ba chong te se fu ru li hua he cheng wei te xing fen xi biao ming ,γ-an ji ding suan zai xi jun xing fu ru (KS)zhong han liang gao da 57.95 mg/g DM,shi zi ran fa jiao fu ru (SS)he mao mei xing fu ru (WS)de 8bei ;bi xu an ji suan han liang wei 15.2349.57 mg/g DM,ji an ji suan mo shi ke yu niu nai 、ji dan pi mei 。gen ju an ji suan cheng wei te zheng ,xian wei he ku wei an ji suan suo zhan bi chong jiao da ,ji ci wei tian wei ;tai pu fen xi biao ming ,fen zi liang (MW)<300 Dade cheng wei tai zhan zhu dao you shi ,wei 79.22%95.24%;dian zi she fen xi fa xian ,ge fu ru ku wei xiang jin ,dan xi jun xing fu ru (KS)xian wei 、se wei he suan wei zui jiang 。(2)li yong Illumina Miseqgao tong liang ce xu ji shu ,ji yu chong shui ping ba chong te se fu ru zhong gong jian ding chu 202chong xi jun he 125chong zhen jun ,ji zhong you shi xi jun 16chong ,you shi zhen jun 7chong 。tong guo si pi er man xiang guan ji shu (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient,ρ),que ding fa jiao bi chi jiao mu (Pichia fermentans)、ao mo ke da jiao mu (Kodamaea ohmeri)、lu shi jiao mu (Saccharomyces rouxii)、ru suan ru qiu jun (Lactococcus lactis)he qiao an chun gan jun (Sphingobacterium sp.)wei qian zai feng wei guan lian jun zhu 。(3)yi zhuai an mei 、tai mei 、dan bai mei deng wei zhi biao ,ji yu li shu han shu zhi ,shua qu fa jiao bi chi jiao mu 、ao mo ke da jiao mu he ru suan ru qiu jun ya chong san zhu gao mei huo xing xing feng wei guan lian jun zhu zhi bei fu pei jun ji ,gou jian fu ru jiang cu shou mo xing ,ji you hua gong yi can shu wei :fa jiao shi jian 15 d、fa jiao wen du 28℃、jun ji tian jia liang 0.10%、jun ji bi li 2:1:1(fa jiao bi chi jiao mu :ao mo ke da jiao mu :ru suan ru qiu jun ya chong )、α-tong wu er suan er na yan 0.4%、shi yan tian jia liang 5%。gai gong yi tiao jian xia de yan zheng shi yan biao ming ,cheng shou fu ru jiang de zong suan he an ji suan tai dan han liang fen bie wei 0.14 g/100ghe 1.35 g/100g,you yu bai fu ru de biao zhun xian liang zhi (zong suan ≤0.35 g/100g,an ji suan tai dan ≥1.30 g/100g)。ying yang gong neng cheng fen xian zhe zeng jia (p<0.05),ji zhong γ-an ji ding suan you 0.02 mg/g DM(dou fu )shang sheng zhi 30.96 mg/g DM(fu ru jiang ),VB2shi wei fa jiao qian de 8bei ,wei 4.97 mg/g DM。hui fa xing feng wei wu zhi chong lei da 85chong ,ju qu yu wen ding ,ji zhong 58chong dui fu ru jiang feng wei pin zhi you gong suo ,zhu yao te zheng feng wei wu zhi you 13chong ,bao gua 2-jia ji ding suan yi zhi 、2-wu ji fu nan 、2-jia ji ding quan 、ji quan 、xin quan 、geng quan 、ben yi xi 、ji suan yi zhi 、2-wu tong 、ding suan yi zhi 、fan shi -hui xiang nao 、2,3-wu er tong he ben yi quan 。(4)tong guo KEGGdai xie tong lu zhu shi ,fa xian an ji suan dai xie (Amino acid metabolism)shi fu ru jiang dai xie lei tong lu zhong zhan bi zui gao de ,ji zhong fang xiang zu an ji suan (Aromatic amino acids)dai xie zhan bi zui gao ,da 41.3%,ji ci wei zhi lian an ji suan (Branched-chain amino acids),wei 21.9%,han liu an ji suan (Sulphuric amino acids)zhan bi wei 6.8%,san zhe zong zhan bi wei 70%。can yu fang xiang zu an ji suan dai xie de wu chong zhu yao you ru suan ru qiu jun ya chong (Lactococcus lactis subsp.)he duan gan jun (Brevibacterium lines);can yu zhi lian an ji suan dai xie de wu chong zhu yao you fa jiao bi chi jiao mu (Pichia fermentans)、ya zhi fang she mao mei (Actinomucor elegans)he qiao an chun gan jun ya chong (Sphingobacterium sp.);can yu han liu an ji suan dai xie de wu chong zhu yao you fa jiao bi chi jiao mu (Pichia fermentans)、lu shi jiao mu (Saccharomyces rouxii)he fa jiao ru gan jun (Lactobacillus fermentum)。(5)yi hong ji yin zu xue wei ji chu ,jing sheng wu xin xi xue fen xi ,fu ru jiang te zheng feng wei wu zhi xing cheng de qian ti an ji suan zhu yao you ben bing an suan 、liang an suan 、yi liang an suan 、lao an suan 、xie an suan 、tian dong an suan deng ,zhu yao dai xie tu jing wei zhuai an 、tuo suo 、tuo qing 、yang hua fan ying deng ,zhu yao guan lian mei wei zhuai an mei 、tuo qing mei 、tuo suo mei 、yang hua mei 、lie jie mei deng ,ji zhong guan jian xian su mei wei zhuai an mei (EC:2.6.1.1、EC:2.6.1.5、EC:2.6.1.6、EC:2.6.1.42、EC:2.6.1.57、EC:2.6.1.58),jiao hao de quan shi le ben yi quan 、ben yi xi 、ben yi chun 、2-jia ji ding quan 、3-jia ji ding quan 、2-jia ji ding chun 、3-jia ji ding chun 、2-jia ji ding suan 、2-jia ji ding suan yi zhi deng feng wei wu zhi de xing cheng tu jing 。

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论文详细介绍

论文作者分别是来自贵州大学的解春芝,发表于刊物贵州大学2019-07-16论文,是一篇关于腐乳酱论文,风味论文,菌群论文,氨基酸代谢论文,宏基因组学论文,贵州大学2019-07-16论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用,各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载,文章观点不代表本站观点,资料来自贵州大学2019-07-16论文网站,若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权,请联系我们删除。

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解春芝:基于氨基酸代谢的腐乳酱风味促熟及机理研究论文
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