本文主要研究内容
作者黄文伟（2019）在《高温高湿地区柴油商用车有害物排放特性研究》一文中研究指出：根据最新的国务院环境保护主管部门发布的源解析结果,深圳移动源排放占细颗粒物（PM2.5）的贡献率为52.1%。深圳作为港口运输城市,对柴油商用车的依赖性大,尽管柴油车只占深圳市机动车保有量的10.93%,但是其排放的NOx、PM2.5占机动车排放总量的92.41%、86.77%,柴油商用车排放成为深圳市大气环境治理的关键难题。本文对高温高湿典型地区深圳市的重型柴油商用车的实际道路行驶进行了排放测试和理论研究,研究对深化在典型环境下柴油商用车排放机理和建立本土化国产柴油车排放模型具有重要的学术意义,同时可为开展柴油商用车的尾气排放治理及其大气环境保护措施提供技术支撑。本文利用便携式汽车污染物测试仪器SEMTECH-DS和ELPI以及多种辅助设备搭建了车载排放测试系统,完成了柴油商用车在实际道路运行过程中各类污染物排放量的测试。利用功基窗口法对所测得的柴油商用车实际道路排放数据进行了处理分析,测试路线包括市区工况、市郊工况和高速工况。分析实验结果表明,柴油商用车的CO排放总体低于法规限值,在启停较多的市区工况下,燃料燃烧不完全,CO排放相对较高。NOx和PM排放远大于法规限值,不受行驶工况的影响,PM的排放在市区工况偏高。本研究中针对柴油商用车颗粒物排放的理化特征进行了研究,得到以下结论:在城市道路工况下,颗粒物数量浓度在粒径为20-30nm之间达到峰值,在高速公路工况下,数量浓度在40nm左右达到峰值。此粒径范围的颗粒物主要是以核模态的形式存在,受到速度和加速度共同影响。分布于100nm以下粒径段的颗粒物数量占全部粒径数量浓度的90%左右。粒径小于100nm的颗粒物数量主导着整个颗粒物的数量浓度,粒径大于100nm的颗粒物质量主导着整个颗粒物的质量浓度。颗粒物微观形态呈现不规则的形状,由外观光滑的基本粒子聚集而成。整体观察发现,它们大多以聚集体的形式呈现,很少有单个粒子的存在,呈现出块状、絮状或链状结构。经过超声震荡后得到的基本颗粒外观呈现近似球状的结构,其粒径基本上在50nm左右。进一步超声萃取及超声震荡后可以看出,基本粒子呈现出更好的分散性,微观形状更加近似于球形,其粒径范围变化不大。柴油商用车在高速路上行驶采集的颗粒物中金属元素含量按照质量浓度从高到低依次为Ca>Al>Mg>Zn>Fe>Cu>Mn。其中Ca、Al、Mg和Zn的含量占据金属元素的绝对比例,Fe的含量相对较少,Cu和Mn的含量相比较之下更少。本研究中对MOVES模型的微观层次中重要参数进行本土化修正,得出以下结论:在用MOVES模型模拟小型客车的排放因子时,在城市高速路上,除HC的模拟值远小于实测值,其他污染物的排放因子模拟值与实测值接近,可以反映小型客车在该类型道路上的实际排放水平。在城市主干道上只有CO2和NOx的模拟值接近实际排放值。在用MOVES模型模拟大型柴油商用客车的排放因子时,在城市快速路上,污染物NOx、HC和PM的排放因子模拟值与实测值接近,可以表征大型柴油商用客车在该类型道路上的实际排放水平,在城市主干道上只有CO2和CO的模拟值较能反应其实际排放值。在用MOVES模型模拟重型柴油商用货车的排放因子时,在城市快速路上其模拟值与实测值接近,在城市主干道上只有CO、NOx和HC等部分模拟值接近实际排放值。另外,针对深圳市柴油商用车的现状,提出了经济鼓励老旧车提前淘汰、对柴油商用车执行OBDⅢ远程监控和构建深圳市柴油车绿色积分体系三种柴油车排放控制策略途径。
Abstract
gen ju zui xin de guo wu yuan huan jing bao hu zhu guan bu men fa bu de yuan jie xi jie guo ,shen zhen yi dong yuan pai fang zhan xi ke li wu （PM2.5）de gong suo lv wei 52.1%。shen zhen zuo wei gang kou yun shu cheng shi ,dui chai you shang yong che de yi lai xing da ,jin guan chai you che zhi zhan shen zhen shi ji dong che bao you liang de 10.93%,dan shi ji pai fang de NOx、PM2.5zhan ji dong che pai fang zong liang de 92.41%、86.77%,chai you shang yong che pai fang cheng wei shen zhen shi da qi huan jing zhi li de guan jian nan ti 。ben wen dui gao wen gao shi dian xing de ou shen zhen shi de chong xing chai you shang yong che de shi ji dao lu hang shi jin hang le pai fang ce shi he li lun yan jiu ,yan jiu dui shen hua zai dian xing huan jing xia chai you shang yong che pai fang ji li he jian li ben tu hua guo chan chai you che pai fang mo xing ju you chong yao de xue shu yi yi ,tong shi ke wei kai zhan chai you shang yong che de wei qi pai fang zhi li ji ji da qi huan jing bao hu cuo shi di gong ji shu zhi cheng 。ben wen li yong bian xie shi qi che wu ran wu ce shi yi qi SEMTECH-DShe ELPIyi ji duo chong fu zhu she bei da jian le che zai pai fang ce shi ji tong ,wan cheng le chai you shang yong che zai shi ji dao lu yun hang guo cheng zhong ge lei wu ran wu pai fang liang de ce shi 。li yong gong ji chuang kou fa dui suo ce de de chai you shang yong che shi ji dao lu pai fang shu ju jin hang le chu li fen xi ,ce shi lu xian bao gua shi ou gong kuang 、shi jiao gong kuang he gao su gong kuang 。fen xi shi yan jie guo biao ming ,chai you shang yong che de COpai fang zong ti di yu fa gui xian zhi ,zai qi ting jiao duo de shi ou gong kuang xia ,ran liao ran shao bu wan quan ,COpai fang xiang dui jiao gao 。NOxhe PMpai fang yuan da yu fa gui xian zhi ,bu shou hang shi gong kuang de ying xiang ,PMde pai fang zai shi ou gong kuang pian gao 。ben yan jiu zhong zhen dui chai you shang yong che ke li wu pai fang de li hua te zheng jin hang le yan jiu ,de dao yi xia jie lun :zai cheng shi dao lu gong kuang xia ,ke li wu shu liang nong du zai li jing wei 20-30nmzhi jian da dao feng zhi ,zai gao su gong lu gong kuang xia ,shu liang nong du zai 40nmzuo you da dao feng zhi 。ci li jing fan wei de ke li wu zhu yao shi yi he mo tai de xing shi cun zai ,shou dao su du he jia su du gong tong ying xiang 。fen bu yu 100nmyi xia li jing duan de ke li wu shu liang zhan quan bu li jing shu liang nong du de 90%zuo you 。li jing xiao yu 100nmde ke li wu shu liang zhu dao zhao zheng ge ke li wu de shu liang nong du ,li jing da yu 100nmde ke li wu zhi liang zhu dao zhao zheng ge ke li wu de zhi liang nong du 。ke li wu wei guan xing tai cheng xian bu gui ze de xing zhuang ,you wai guan guang hua de ji ben li zi ju ji er cheng 。zheng ti guan cha fa xian ,ta men da duo yi ju ji ti de xing shi cheng xian ,hen shao you chan ge li zi de cun zai ,cheng xian chu kuai zhuang 、xu zhuang huo lian zhuang jie gou 。jing guo chao sheng zhen dang hou de dao de ji ben ke li wai guan cheng xian jin shi qiu zhuang de jie gou ,ji li jing ji ben shang zai 50nmzuo you 。jin yi bu chao sheng cui qu ji chao sheng zhen dang hou ke yi kan chu ,ji ben li zi cheng xian chu geng hao de fen san xing ,wei guan xing zhuang geng jia jin shi yu qiu xing ,ji li jing fan wei bian hua bu da 。chai you shang yong che zai gao su lu shang hang shi cai ji de ke li wu zhong jin shu yuan su han liang an zhao zhi liang nong du cong gao dao di yi ci wei Ca>Al>Mg>Zn>Fe>Cu>Mn。ji zhong Ca、Al、Mghe Znde han liang zhan ju jin shu yuan su de jue dui bi li ,Fede han liang xiang dui jiao shao ,Cuhe Mnde han liang xiang bi jiao zhi xia geng shao 。ben yan jiu zhong dui MOVESmo xing de wei guan ceng ci zhong chong yao can shu jin hang ben tu hua xiu zheng ,de chu yi xia jie lun :zai yong MOVESmo xing mo ni xiao xing ke che de pai fang yin zi shi ,zai cheng shi gao su lu shang ,chu HCde mo ni zhi yuan xiao yu shi ce zhi ,ji ta wu ran wu de pai fang yin zi mo ni zhi yu shi ce zhi jie jin ,ke yi fan ying xiao xing ke che zai gai lei xing dao lu shang de shi ji pai fang shui ping 。zai cheng shi zhu gan dao shang zhi you CO2he NOxde mo ni zhi jie jin shi ji pai fang zhi 。zai yong MOVESmo xing mo ni da xing chai you shang yong ke che de pai fang yin zi shi ,zai cheng shi kuai su lu shang ,wu ran wu NOx、HChe PMde pai fang yin zi mo ni zhi yu shi ce zhi jie jin ,ke yi biao zheng da xing chai you shang yong ke che zai gai lei xing dao lu shang de shi ji pai fang shui ping ,zai cheng shi zhu gan dao shang zhi you CO2he COde mo ni zhi jiao neng fan ying ji shi ji pai fang zhi 。zai yong MOVESmo xing mo ni chong xing chai you shang yong huo che de pai fang yin zi shi ,zai cheng shi kuai su lu shang ji mo ni zhi yu shi ce zhi jie jin ,zai cheng shi zhu gan dao shang zhi you CO、NOxhe HCdeng bu fen mo ni zhi jie jin shi ji pai fang zhi 。ling wai ,zhen dui shen zhen shi chai you shang yong che de xian zhuang ,di chu le jing ji gu li lao jiu che di qian tao tai 、dui chai you shang yong che zhi hang OBDⅢyuan cheng jian kong he gou jian shen zhen shi chai you che lu se ji fen ti ji san chong chai you che pai fang kong zhi ce lve tu jing 。
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论文作者分别是来自北京交通大学的黄文伟，发表于刊物北京交通大学2019-11-27论文，是一篇关于柴油商用车论文,排放特性论文,理化特征论文,排放控制论文,北京交通大学2019-11-27论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用，各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载，文章观点不代表本站观点，资料来自北京交通大学2019-11-27论文网站，若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权，请联系我们删除。
标签：柴油商用车论文; 排放特性论文; 理化特征论文; 排放控制论文; 北京交通大学2019-11-27论文;