本文主要研究内容
作者李晓腾(2019)在《基于Sn、In新型二维材料光催化和自旋极化性质的理论研究》一文中研究指出:以单层石墨烯为代表的二维纳米材料因其丰富的物理化学性质以及在各个领域的广泛应用而备受关注。近年来,二维纳米材料的研究成果层出不穷,涉及到的材料包括石墨烯、硅烯、锗烯、锡烯、磷烯和金属硫族化合物等。这些二维纳米材料丰富了的低维纳米材料体系,其优异的性质在凝聚态物理、材料化学和纳米技术等研究领域均表现出重要的应用价值。目前,二维纳米材料的研究已经成为材料科学的前沿。例如,在半导体应用方面,二维半导体纳米材料通常具有较高的载流子迁移率、超大的比表面积以及外场可控的能带结构和带边位置,为实现新型纳电子器件和高效的光催化等应用提供了新途径。在自旋器件应用方面,二维磁性体系具有较稳定的自旋极化性质,能够满足超高的存储速度、超大容量信息存储和处理能力以及器件尺寸微型化等多种需求,推动了新一代高性能自旋纳米器件的发展。在本论文中,我们采用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)第一性原理计算方法,系统地研究了多种二维纳米材料的结构、电子性质、载流子迁移率、光催化水解和自旋极化等性质,探讨了表面修饰、外部应力、掺杂、吸附等因素对体系物理化学性质的调控,并进一步揭示了其微观物理机制和潜在的应用价值。二维纳米材料在光催化、自旋极化等方面的研究,为能源转换和降低能耗提供了系统的理论指导。论文包含以下章节:第一章,绪论,介绍了二维纳米材料的发展现状及应用,并简要概括了本论文的主要研究内容;第二章,理论方法,着重介绍了密度泛函理论;第三章,介绍了新型二维材料五元环锡单层的结构设计和电子性质,以及在光解水和纳电子器件中的应用价值;第四章,研究了二维锡的单硫族化合物、二硫族化合物以及由它们构造的双层垂直异质结(VHT)的电子性质及其在光催化水解方面的应用;第五章,研究了空穴掺杂的单层In2Se3磁性的调控及其在自旋器件中的应用,并讨论了空气中小分子对材料性能的影响;第六章,对本论文的研究内容和创新点进行了总结,并对新型二维纳米功能材料的发展做了展望。论文的主要研究内容和结论如下:(1)提出了两种结构稳定的锡单层材料,氢化的五元环锡单层(p-SnH)和部分氟化的五元环锡单层(p-SnHF),发现这两种新结构的形成能比已经生长在Bi2Te3(111)衬底的锡烯的形成能低。同时,我们给出了合适的衬底SiC(100)面,论证了其实验制备的可行性。单层的p-SnH和p-SnHF是由锡的五元环构成的,表面分别用H原子和F原子修饰,所有Sn原子均为sp3杂化。研究表明,单层p-SnH和p-SnHF分别是带隙为2.02 eV和1.88 eV的间接带隙半导体和直接带隙半导体材料,合适的禁带宽度使得它们对可见光具有很强的吸收。它们的载流子迁移率均比较高,分别能够达到769 ccm2 V-11s1和2520 cm2 V-1 s-1,而且,电子和空穴迁移率差别比较大,能够降低体系的载流子复合几率。特别是p-SnHF具有合适的带边位置,能够满足光催化水解对氧化还原电位的要求,因此它是一种极具潜力的光催化材料。而p-SnH在施加较小应力(<5%)时,带边位置也能达到光水解的要求。这些研究结果说明单层p-SnH和p-SnHF在光催化水解制氢和纳电子器件中具有潜在的应用价值。(2)研究了单层锡的硫族化合物SnX(X=S,Se)、SrnX2以及由它们构成的垂直异质结SrnX/SnX2的电子结构及其在光催化水解中的应用。单层SnX和SnX2的形成能远小于MoS2的,因此我们预测它们的单层结构能够通过简单的机械方法制备。单层SnS和SnSe分别是带隙为1.98 eV和1.40 eV的间接带隙半导体和直接带隙半导体;单层SnS2和SnSe2均是间接带隙半导体,禁带宽度分别是2.34 eV和1.41 eV。因此,锡的硫族化合物均是窄带隙半导体材料,能够俘获太阳光的主要波段,在光学材料中具有潜在的应用价值。它们各向异性的载流子迁移率比较高,其中,SnSe和SnS2分别能够达到2486.93 cm2 V-1 s-1和2181.96 cm2 V-1 S-1。而且,它们的光生激子结合能比较低,说明电子和空穴容易分离。施加较小的应力后,SnX的带边位置能够满足光催化水解的要求,因此,它们有望用作光解水材料。此外,单层SnS和SnS2可以通过范德瓦尔斯(VDW)作用构成垂直异质结。SnS和SfnS2的带阶比较大,因此,异质结SnS/SnS2的带隙非常小,约0.08 eV,而且,费米面附近的导带和价带分别是由SnS和SnS2贡献的。构成异质结后,SnS和SnS2各自的带隙都有微弱的减小。这种异质结可以用作光催化水解材料,分别在SnS表而和SnS2表面产生氢气和氧气。并且,由于两层材料的电负性差别较大,在层与层之间能够产生一个有效势场,加速载流子分离和转移,从而有效提高了光催化水解的效率。(3)探索了 Ⅲ-Ⅵ族二维纳米材料α/β-In2Se3的电子结构、可控的磁性以及在自旋器件中的应用。单层α/β-ln2Se3均是由5个原子层构成的结构,其中,α-In2Se3垂直方向的结构对称性被打破,因而它是一种极性二维材料。研究结果表明,单层α/β-In2Se3通过空穴掺杂能够引入磁性,自旋磁矩均能达到1μB/空穴。特别是用砷(As)原子替换Se原子引入空穴时,体系磁性得到加强,同时,α-In2Se3转变为半金属,β-In2Se3变为双极磁性半导体。而且,由于层状In2Se3具有室温面内铁电性,我们预测砷掺杂的In2Se3(In2Se3-As)可能是多铁材料。基于以上特性,我们构造了两种类型的自旋纳米器件,在门电压的调控下,均能实现100%的自旋极化。我们进一步探讨了空气中小分子(O2和H2O)吸附对这两种材料性能的影响。α-II2Se3和β-In2Se3载流子迁移率分别是1.04 x 103 cc12 V-1 s-1和1.39 × 103 ccm2 v1 s-1。当表面吸附氧气分子时,α-In2Se3的电子迁移率会严重降低,而ββ-In2Se3的电子迁移率变化很小,因为吸附氧气后,α-II2Se3导带底(CBM)的电荷密度明显减弱,而β-In2Se3的变化很小。不论吸附氧气还是水,α/β-In2Se3的空穴迁移率总是在x方向降低,但在y方向增加。这是由于吸附分子后,分子与In2Se3之间产生库伦相互作用,使得价带顶(VBM)的电荷密度在xy平面内发生转向,由x方向向y方向旋转,因而电荷密度的交叠在x方向减弱,而在y方向增大。
Abstract
yi chan ceng dan mo xi wei dai biao de er wei na mi cai liao yin ji feng fu de wu li hua xue xing zhi yi ji zai ge ge ling yu de an fan ying yong er bei shou guan zhu 。jin nian lai ,er wei na mi cai liao de yan jiu cheng guo ceng chu bu qiong ,she ji dao de cai liao bao gua dan mo xi 、gui xi 、du xi 、xi xi 、lin xi he jin shu liu zu hua ge wu deng 。zhe xie er wei na mi cai liao feng fu le de di wei na mi cai liao ti ji ,ji you yi de xing zhi zai ning ju tai wu li 、cai liao hua xue he na mi ji shu deng yan jiu ling yu jun biao xian chu chong yao de ying yong jia zhi 。mu qian ,er wei na mi cai liao de yan jiu yi jing cheng wei cai liao ke xue de qian yan 。li ru ,zai ban dao ti ying yong fang mian ,er wei ban dao ti na mi cai liao tong chang ju you jiao gao de zai liu zi qian yi lv 、chao da de bi biao mian ji yi ji wai chang ke kong de neng dai jie gou he dai bian wei zhi ,wei shi xian xin xing na dian zi qi jian he gao xiao de guang cui hua deng ying yong di gong le xin tu jing 。zai zi xuan qi jian ying yong fang mian ,er wei ci xing ti ji ju you jiao wen ding de zi xuan ji hua xing zhi ,neng gou man zu chao gao de cun chu su du 、chao da rong liang xin xi cun chu he chu li neng li yi ji qi jian che cun wei xing hua deng duo chong xu qiu ,tui dong le xin yi dai gao xing neng zi xuan na mi qi jian de fa zhan 。zai ben lun wen zhong ,wo men cai yong ji yu mi du fan han li lun (DFT)di yi xing yuan li ji suan fang fa ,ji tong de yan jiu le duo chong er wei na mi cai liao de jie gou 、dian zi xing zhi 、zai liu zi qian yi lv 、guang cui hua shui jie he zi xuan ji hua deng xing zhi ,tan tao le biao mian xiu shi 、wai bu ying li 、can za 、xi fu deng yin su dui ti ji wu li hua xue xing zhi de diao kong ,bing jin yi bu jie shi le ji wei guan wu li ji zhi he qian zai de ying yong jia zhi 。er wei na mi cai liao zai guang cui hua 、zi xuan ji hua deng fang mian de yan jiu ,wei neng yuan zhuai huan he jiang di neng hao di gong le ji tong de li lun zhi dao 。lun wen bao han yi xia zhang jie :di yi zhang ,xu lun ,jie shao le er wei na mi cai liao de fa zhan xian zhuang ji ying yong ,bing jian yao gai gua le ben lun wen de zhu yao yan jiu nei rong ;di er zhang ,li lun fang fa ,zhao chong jie shao le mi du fan han li lun ;di san zhang ,jie shao le xin xing er wei cai liao wu yuan huan xi chan ceng de jie gou she ji he dian zi xing zhi ,yi ji zai guang jie shui he na dian zi qi jian zhong de ying yong jia zhi ;di si zhang ,yan jiu le er wei xi de chan liu zu hua ge wu 、er liu zu hua ge wu yi ji you ta men gou zao de shuang ceng chui zhi yi zhi jie (VHT)de dian zi xing zhi ji ji zai guang cui hua shui jie fang mian de ying yong ;di wu zhang ,yan jiu le kong xue can za de chan ceng In2Se3ci xing de diao kong ji ji zai zi xuan qi jian zhong de ying yong ,bing tao lun le kong qi zhong xiao fen zi dui cai liao xing neng de ying xiang ;di liu zhang ,dui ben lun wen de yan jiu nei rong he chuang xin dian jin hang le zong jie ,bing dui xin xing er wei na mi gong neng cai liao de fa zhan zuo le zhan wang 。lun wen de zhu yao yan jiu nei rong he jie lun ru xia :(1)di chu le liang chong jie gou wen ding de xi chan ceng cai liao ,qing hua de wu yuan huan xi chan ceng (p-SnH)he bu fen fu hua de wu yuan huan xi chan ceng (p-SnHF),fa xian zhe liang chong xin jie gou de xing cheng neng bi yi jing sheng chang zai Bi2Te3(111)chen de de xi xi de xing cheng neng di 。tong shi ,wo men gei chu le ge kuo de chen de SiC(100)mian ,lun zheng le ji shi yan zhi bei de ke hang xing 。chan ceng de p-SnHhe p-SnHFshi you xi de wu yuan huan gou cheng de ,biao mian fen bie yong Hyuan zi he Fyuan zi xiu shi ,suo you Snyuan zi jun wei sp3za hua 。yan jiu biao ming ,chan ceng p-SnHhe p-SnHFfen bie shi dai xi wei 2.02 eVhe 1.88 eVde jian jie dai xi ban dao ti he zhi jie dai xi ban dao ti cai liao ,ge kuo de jin dai kuan du shi de ta men dui ke jian guang ju you hen jiang de xi shou 。ta men de zai liu zi qian yi lv jun bi jiao gao ,fen bie neng gou da dao 769 ccm2 V-11s1he 2520 cm2 V-1 s-1,er ju ,dian zi he kong xue qian yi lv cha bie bi jiao da ,neng gou jiang di ti ji de zai liu zi fu ge ji lv 。te bie shi p-SnHFju you ge kuo de dai bian wei zhi ,neng gou man zu guang cui hua shui jie dui yang hua hai yuan dian wei de yao qiu ,yin ci ta shi yi chong ji ju qian li de guang cui hua cai liao 。er p-SnHzai shi jia jiao xiao ying li (<5%)shi ,dai bian wei zhi ye neng da dao guang shui jie de yao qiu 。zhe xie yan jiu jie guo shui ming chan ceng p-SnHhe p-SnHFzai guang cui hua shui jie zhi qing he na dian zi qi jian zhong ju you qian zai de ying yong jia zhi 。(2)yan jiu le chan ceng xi de liu zu hua ge wu SnX(X=S,Se)、SrnX2yi ji you ta men gou cheng de chui zhi yi zhi jie SrnX/SnX2de dian zi jie gou ji ji zai guang cui hua shui jie zhong de ying yong 。chan ceng SnXhe SnX2de xing cheng neng yuan xiao yu MoS2de ,yin ci wo men yu ce ta men de chan ceng jie gou neng gou tong guo jian chan de ji xie fang fa zhi bei 。chan ceng SnShe SnSefen bie shi dai xi wei 1.98 eVhe 1.40 eVde jian jie dai xi ban dao ti he zhi jie dai xi ban dao ti ;chan ceng SnS2he SnSe2jun shi jian jie dai xi ban dao ti ,jin dai kuan du fen bie shi 2.34 eVhe 1.41 eV。yin ci ,xi de liu zu hua ge wu jun shi zhai dai xi ban dao ti cai liao ,neng gou fu huo tai yang guang de zhu yao bo duan ,zai guang xue cai liao zhong ju you qian zai de ying yong jia zhi 。ta men ge xiang yi xing de zai liu zi qian yi lv bi jiao gao ,ji zhong ,SnSehe SnS2fen bie neng gou da dao 2486.93 cm2 V-1 s-1he 2181.96 cm2 V-1 S-1。er ju ,ta men de guang sheng ji zi jie ge neng bi jiao di ,shui ming dian zi he kong xue rong yi fen li 。shi jia jiao xiao de ying li hou ,SnXde dai bian wei zhi neng gou man zu guang cui hua shui jie de yao qiu ,yin ci ,ta men you wang yong zuo guang jie shui cai liao 。ci wai ,chan ceng SnShe SnS2ke yi tong guo fan de wa er si (VDW)zuo yong gou cheng chui zhi yi zhi jie 。SnShe SfnS2de dai jie bi jiao da ,yin ci ,yi zhi jie SnS/SnS2de dai xi fei chang xiao ,yao 0.08 eV,er ju ,fei mi mian fu jin de dao dai he jia dai fen bie shi you SnShe SnS2gong suo de 。gou cheng yi zhi jie hou ,SnShe SnS2ge zi de dai xi dou you wei ruo de jian xiao 。zhe chong yi zhi jie ke yi yong zuo guang cui hua shui jie cai liao ,fen bie zai SnSbiao er he SnS2biao mian chan sheng qing qi he yang qi 。bing ju ,you yu liang ceng cai liao de dian fu xing cha bie jiao da ,zai ceng yu ceng zhi jian neng gou chan sheng yi ge you xiao shi chang ,jia su zai liu zi fen li he zhuai yi ,cong er you xiao di gao le guang cui hua shui jie de xiao lv 。(3)tan suo le Ⅲ-Ⅵzu er wei na mi cai liao α/β-In2Se3de dian zi jie gou 、ke kong de ci xing yi ji zai zi xuan qi jian zhong de ying yong 。chan ceng α/β-ln2Se3jun shi you 5ge yuan zi ceng gou cheng de jie gou ,ji zhong ,α-In2Se3chui zhi fang xiang de jie gou dui chen xing bei da po ,yin er ta shi yi chong ji xing er wei cai liao 。yan jiu jie guo biao ming ,chan ceng α/β-In2Se3tong guo kong xue can za neng gou yin ru ci xing ,zi xuan ci ju jun neng da dao 1μB/kong xue 。te bie shi yong shen (As)yuan zi ti huan Seyuan zi yin ru kong xue shi ,ti ji ci xing de dao jia jiang ,tong shi ,α-In2Se3zhuai bian wei ban jin shu ,β-In2Se3bian wei shuang ji ci xing ban dao ti 。er ju ,you yu ceng zhuang In2Se3ju you shi wen mian nei tie dian xing ,wo men yu ce shen can za de In2Se3(In2Se3-As)ke neng shi duo tie cai liao 。ji yu yi shang te xing ,wo men gou zao le liang chong lei xing de zi xuan na mi qi jian ,zai men dian ya de diao kong xia ,jun neng shi xian 100%de zi xuan ji hua 。wo men jin yi bu tan tao le kong qi zhong xiao fen zi (O2he H2O)xi fu dui zhe liang chong cai liao xing neng de ying xiang 。α-II2Se3he β-In2Se3zai liu zi qian yi lv fen bie shi 1.04 x 103 cc12 V-1 s-1he 1.39 × 103 ccm2 v1 s-1。dang biao mian xi fu yang qi fen zi shi ,α-In2Se3de dian zi qian yi lv hui yan chong jiang di ,er ββ-In2Se3de dian zi qian yi lv bian hua hen xiao ,yin wei xi fu yang qi hou ,α-II2Se3dao dai de (CBM)de dian he mi du ming xian jian ruo ,er β-In2Se3de bian hua hen xiao 。bu lun xi fu yang qi hai shi shui ,α/β-In2Se3de kong xue qian yi lv zong shi zai xfang xiang jiang di ,dan zai yfang xiang zeng jia 。zhe shi you yu xi fu fen zi hou ,fen zi yu In2Se3zhi jian chan sheng ku lun xiang hu zuo yong ,shi de jia dai ding (VBM)de dian he mi du zai xyping mian nei fa sheng zhuai xiang ,you xfang xiang xiang yfang xiang xuan zhuai ,yin er dian he mi du de jiao die zai xfang xiang jian ruo ,er zai yfang xiang zeng da 。
论文参考文献
论文详细介绍
论文作者分别是来自山东大学的李晓腾,发表于刊物山东大学2019-07-16论文,是一篇关于第一性原理计算论文,二维纳米材料论文,光催化水解论文,自旋极化论文,山东大学2019-07-16论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用,各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载,文章观点不代表本站观点,资料来自山东大学2019-07-16论文网站,若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权,请联系我们删除。
标签:第一性原理计算论文; 二维纳米材料论文; 光催化水解论文; 自旋极化论文; 山东大学2019-07-16论文;