本文主要研究内容
作者骆蓓菁（2019）在《杭州湾北岸优势蟹类对典型盐沼植物的摄食偏好及作用研究》一文中研究指出：蟹类是盐沼湿地中典型的大型底栖动物,被誉为“生态系统工程师”。早期研究发现雁鹅类、底栖昆虫等动物的摄食行为会影响盐沼植被的生长及群落组成,近年来一些研究表明,蟹类的摄食行为同样可以对盐沼植被产生强烈的下行调控作用,但其内在机制还有待深入认识。杭州湾北岸奉贤、金山一线海堤外侧潮滩存在互花米草和芦苇竞争生长的情况,前期调查发现盐沼湿地内蟹类丰富度较高,这为研究蟹类下行调控作用提供了样地条件。本论文针对杭州湾北岸奉贤岸段开展蟹类分布调查,研究蟹类对不同盐沼植物的摄食偏好及其摄食作用对植物生长的影响,为进一步揭示蟹类对植物种群增长和种间竞争的控制作用提供基础参考。本论文在杭州湾北岸奉贤潮滩建立野外研究样地,具体研究工作开展于2018年1月至2018年12月,野外采样在1月、3月、6月、9月四个季度进行,同步开展室内实验。野外研究区域设置了7个研究样地(高潮带互花米草群落、中潮带互花米草群落、低潮带互花米草群落、中潮带互花米草芦苇混交群落、高潮带芦苇群落、中潮带芦苇群落以及高潮带裸地)。针对两种优势蟹类天津厚蟹与褶痕拟相手蟹,结合野外季度性采样、室内喂食实验以及蟹类摄食控制实验,分析了不同季节盐沼湿地中的蟹类分布特征、两种优势蟹类对典型盐沼植物的摄食偏好性及影响因子;探究了不同蟹类密度投放下所产生的摄食效应对互花米草成株和幼苗的生长控制作用。本研究主要研究结果可以归纳为以下几个方面:(1)杭州湾北岸奉贤潮滩的蟹类组成及优势蟹类空间分布与季节动态特征杭州湾北岸奉贤潮滩的蟹类组成共属4科5种,即相手蟹科(Sesarmidae)褶痕拟相手蟹(Sesarma plicate)、无齿螳臂相手蟹(Chiromantes dehaani);方蟹科(Grapsidae)天津厚蟹(Helice tientsinensis);梭子蟹科(Portunidae)锯缘青蟹(Scylla serrata)以及沙蟹科(Ocypodidae)弧边招潮蟹(Uca arcuata)。其中盐沼植被区以天津厚蟹与褶痕拟相手蟹为优势种。两种优势蟹类在奉贤潮滩的生境选择具有明显差异,从季节动态来看天津厚蟹四季的努力捕获数差异较小,秋冬季略高于春夏季;褶痕拟相手蟹的努力捕获数季节差异较大,春夏季显著高于秋冬季;从空间分布特征来看天津厚蟹更偏好活动于高潮带而褶痕拟相手蟹更倾向活跃于中低潮带;两种蟹在互花米草和芦苇植物群落中的全年分布特征为天津厚蟹更偏好芦苇群落,而褶痕拟相手蟹更偏好互花米草群落。(2)天津厚蟹与褶痕拟相手蟹对不同植物器官的摄食偏好性室内喂食实验结果表明天津厚蟹与褶痕拟相手蟹对不同植物新鲜叶片的摄食偏好具有一致性。表现出对芦苇与海三棱藨草的显著偏好性,且平均摄食量均显著高于互花米草,是互花米草平均摄食量的三倍。对比不同盐度环境中生长的互花米草叶片的摄食结果发现,两种蟹均表现出对高盐度环境中生长的互花米草叶片的摄食偏好性。不同季节蟹类对植物地上、地下不同器官的摄食结果有所差异,但总体摄食偏好表现为叶片>细根>茎秆。(3)天津厚蟹的摄食作用对不同生活史阶段互花米草生长的影响蟹类摄食控制实验结果显示天津厚蟹的摄食效应对不同生活史阶段互花米草生长的影响具有明显差异。蟹类的摄食行为会对植株幼苗造成严重损伤,导致植株高度显著下降,叶片明显减少,且蟹类密度越高摄食效应越明显,高密度蟹类处理下,互花米草幼苗的死亡率高达100%;低密度蟹类处理下互花米草幼苗的死亡率为55.6%,幼苗株高下降了56.6%,叶片数减少了75.0%。但蟹类的摄食作用对互花米草成株的生长抑制作用不显著。综上,本研究初步揭示了杭州湾北岸奉贤岸段盐沼湿地大型底栖动物蟹类的优势种及群落分布特征,探究了天津厚蟹与褶痕拟相手蟹对不同植物的摄食偏好及摄食量差异,同时为探索通过蟹类摄食效应抑制入侵种互花米草的生长提供了参考依据。
Abstract
xie lei shi yan zhao shi de zhong dian xing de da xing de qi dong wu ,bei yu wei “sheng tai ji tong gong cheng shi ”。zao ji yan jiu fa xian yan e lei 、de qi kun chong deng dong wu de she shi hang wei hui ying xiang yan zhao zhi bei de sheng chang ji qun la zu cheng ,jin nian lai yi xie yan jiu biao ming ,xie lei de she shi hang wei tong yang ke yi dui yan zhao zhi bei chan sheng jiang lie de xia hang diao kong zuo yong ,dan ji nei zai ji zhi hai you dai shen ru ren shi 。hang zhou wan bei an feng xian 、jin shan yi xian hai di wai ce chao tan cun zai hu hua mi cao he lu wei jing zheng sheng chang de qing kuang ,qian ji diao cha fa xian yan zhao shi de nei xie lei feng fu du jiao gao ,zhe wei yan jiu xie lei xia hang diao kong zuo yong di gong le yang de tiao jian 。ben lun wen zhen dui hang zhou wan bei an feng xian an duan kai zhan xie lei fen bu diao cha ,yan jiu xie lei dui bu tong yan zhao zhi wu de she shi pian hao ji ji she shi zuo yong dui zhi wu sheng chang de ying xiang ,wei jin yi bu jie shi xie lei dui zhi wu chong qun zeng chang he chong jian jing zheng de kong zhi zuo yong di gong ji chu can kao 。ben lun wen zai hang zhou wan bei an feng xian chao tan jian li ye wai yan jiu yang de ,ju ti yan jiu gong zuo kai zhan yu 2018nian 1yue zhi 2018nian 12yue ,ye wai cai yang zai 1yue 、3yue 、6yue 、9yue si ge ji du jin hang ,tong bu kai zhan shi nei shi yan 。ye wai yan jiu ou yu she zhi le 7ge yan jiu yang de (gao chao dai hu hua mi cao qun la 、zhong chao dai hu hua mi cao qun la 、di chao dai hu hua mi cao qun la 、zhong chao dai hu hua mi cao lu wei hun jiao qun la 、gao chao dai lu wei qun la 、zhong chao dai lu wei qun la yi ji gao chao dai luo de )。zhen dui liang chong you shi xie lei tian jin hou xie yu zhe hen ni xiang shou xie ,jie ge ye wai ji du xing cai yang 、shi nei wei shi shi yan yi ji xie lei she shi kong zhi shi yan ,fen xi le bu tong ji jie yan zhao shi de zhong de xie lei fen bu te zheng 、liang chong you shi xie lei dui dian xing yan zhao zhi wu de she shi pian hao xing ji ying xiang yin zi ;tan jiu le bu tong xie lei mi du tou fang xia suo chan sheng de she shi xiao ying dui hu hua mi cao cheng zhu he you miao de sheng chang kong zhi zuo yong 。ben yan jiu zhu yao yan jiu jie guo ke yi gui na wei yi xia ji ge fang mian :(1)hang zhou wan bei an feng xian chao tan de xie lei zu cheng ji you shi xie lei kong jian fen bu yu ji jie dong tai te zheng hang zhou wan bei an feng xian chao tan de xie lei zu cheng gong shu 4ke 5chong ,ji xiang shou xie ke (Sesarmidae)zhe hen ni xiang shou xie (Sesarma plicate)、mo chi tang bei xiang shou xie (Chiromantes dehaani);fang xie ke (Grapsidae)tian jin hou xie (Helice tientsinensis);suo zi xie ke (Portunidae)ju yuan qing xie (Scylla serrata)yi ji sha xie ke (Ocypodidae)hu bian qiao chao xie (Uca arcuata)。ji zhong yan zhao zhi bei ou yi tian jin hou xie yu zhe hen ni xiang shou xie wei you shi chong 。liang chong you shi xie lei zai feng xian chao tan de sheng jing shua ze ju you ming xian cha yi ,cong ji jie dong tai lai kan tian jin hou xie si ji de nu li bu huo shu cha yi jiao xiao ,qiu dong ji lve gao yu chun xia ji ;zhe hen ni xiang shou xie de nu li bu huo shu ji jie cha yi jiao da ,chun xia ji xian zhe gao yu qiu dong ji ;cong kong jian fen bu te zheng lai kan tian jin hou xie geng pian hao huo dong yu gao chao dai er zhe hen ni xiang shou xie geng qing xiang huo yue yu zhong di chao dai ;liang chong xie zai hu hua mi cao he lu wei zhi wu qun la zhong de quan nian fen bu te zheng wei tian jin hou xie geng pian hao lu wei qun la ,er zhe hen ni xiang shou xie geng pian hao hu hua mi cao qun la 。(2)tian jin hou xie yu zhe hen ni xiang shou xie dui bu tong zhi wu qi guan de she shi pian hao xing shi nei wei shi shi yan jie guo biao ming tian jin hou xie yu zhe hen ni xiang shou xie dui bu tong zhi wu xin xian xie pian de she shi pian hao ju you yi zhi xing 。biao xian chu dui lu wei yu hai san leng biao cao de xian zhe pian hao xing ,ju ping jun she shi liang jun xian zhe gao yu hu hua mi cao ,shi hu hua mi cao ping jun she shi liang de san bei 。dui bi bu tong yan du huan jing zhong sheng chang de hu hua mi cao xie pian de she shi jie guo fa xian ,liang chong xie jun biao xian chu dui gao yan du huan jing zhong sheng chang de hu hua mi cao xie pian de she shi pian hao xing 。bu tong ji jie xie lei dui zhi wu de shang 、de xia bu tong qi guan de she shi jie guo you suo cha yi ,dan zong ti she shi pian hao biao xian wei xie pian >xi gen >jing gan 。(3)tian jin hou xie de she shi zuo yong dui bu tong sheng huo shi jie duan hu hua mi cao sheng chang de ying xiang xie lei she shi kong zhi shi yan jie guo xian shi tian jin hou xie de she shi xiao ying dui bu tong sheng huo shi jie duan hu hua mi cao sheng chang de ying xiang ju you ming xian cha yi 。xie lei de she shi hang wei hui dui zhi zhu you miao zao cheng yan chong sun shang ,dao zhi zhi zhu gao du xian zhe xia jiang ,xie pian ming xian jian shao ,ju xie lei mi du yue gao she shi xiao ying yue ming xian ,gao mi du xie lei chu li xia ,hu hua mi cao you miao de si wang lv gao da 100%;di mi du xie lei chu li xia hu hua mi cao you miao de si wang lv wei 55.6%,you miao zhu gao xia jiang le 56.6%,xie pian shu jian shao le 75.0%。dan xie lei de she shi zuo yong dui hu hua mi cao cheng zhu de sheng chang yi zhi zuo yong bu xian zhe 。zeng shang ,ben yan jiu chu bu jie shi le hang zhou wan bei an feng xian an duan yan zhao shi de da xing de qi dong wu xie lei de you shi chong ji qun la fen bu te zheng ,tan jiu le tian jin hou xie yu zhe hen ni xiang shou xie dui bu tong zhi wu de she shi pian hao ji she shi liang cha yi ,tong shi wei tan suo tong guo xie lei she shi xiao ying yi zhi ru qin chong hu hua mi cao de sheng chang di gong le can kao yi ju 。
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论文作者分别是来自华东师范大学的骆蓓菁，发表于刊物华东师范大学2019-07-02论文，是一篇关于摄食偏好论文,摄食作用论文,天津厚蟹论文,褶痕拟相手蟹论文,杭州湾北岸论文,盐沼湿地论文,华东师范大学2019-07-02论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用，各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载，文章观点不代表本站观点，资料来自华东师范大学2019-07-02论文网站，若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权，请联系我们删除。
标签：摄食偏好论文; 摄食作用论文; 天津厚蟹论文; 褶痕拟相手蟹论文; 杭州湾北岸论文; 盐沼湿地论文; 华东师范大学2019-07-02论文;