本文主要研究内容
作者刘宸(2019)在《铋基二元异质结光催化剂的制备及其光催化还原U(Ⅵ)的性能研究》一文中研究指出:针对目前存在的放射性废水污染,寻找一种安全合理有效的处理放射性废水的方法变得十分重要。近几年来,半导体光催化方法在处理含铀废水方面表现出了较大的潜力。铋系半导体材料由于其带隙宽度较窄,对可见光的吸收能力优异,独特的晶体结构和较高的光催化性能,是一种非常有发展前景的半导体材料,现阶段人们对铋系催化剂的研究还处在初级阶段。因此,设计出高效,环保的铋系光催化材料来处理环境污染变得越来越有价值。本文通过湿浸渍法分别制备出了CuO/BiFeO3和Cu2O/BiVO4两种可见光响应型异质结光催化剂,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱分析(EDS)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外可见漫反射分析(UV-Vis)、比表面积测定(BET)方法对催化剂材料进行了表征分析,并将它们用于去除水溶液中U(Ⅵ)的光催化还原实验中,研究了其在不同条件下的光催化效果,具体的研究内容如下:(1)用溶胶-凝胶法制备出BiFeO3材料,并且通过湿浸渍法将不同质量比的CuO负载到BiFeO3材料表面上合成了可见光响应型的半导体异质结CuO/BiFeO3光催化剂。通过多种方式对该材料的表面形貌,晶型结构,核素含量以及光学性能进行了分析,探究了在不同条件中CuO/BiFeO3光催化剂在可见光下对U(Ⅵ)的去除效果,并且对反应后的材料进行了回收利用实验。结果表明:CuO质量比为10%时的CuO/BiFeO3光催化剂在pH=4.5,样品投加量为0.6 g/L,U(Ⅵ)的初始浓度为5 mg/L,空穴捕获剂用量为8%的条件下的催化还原速率最快,反应到120 min时去除率达到95%,反应过程符合一级动力学规律,同时复合催化剂具有良好的回收利用性能。(2)用柠檬酸络合法制备出BiVO4材料,并且通过湿浸渍法将不同摩尔比的Cu2O负载到BiVO4材料表面上合成了可见光响应型半导体异质结Cu2O/BiVO4光催化剂。对这种材料的性能进行了多种方式表征分析并研究了在可见光下不同条件因素对Cu2O/BiVO4光催化剂对U(Ⅵ)的去除效果的影响。结果表明:Cu2O摩尔比为2%的Cu2O/BiVO4光催化剂在pH=5.5,样品投加量为0.8 g/L,U(Ⅵ)的初始浓度为5 mg/L,空穴捕获剂用量为8%的条件下的催化还原速率最快,反应到100 min时的去除率达到99%,反应过程符合一级动力学规律。(3)通过比较单质半导体催化剂和异质结型半导体催化剂的表征分析和对溶液中U(Ⅵ)的还原去除效率,结果表明异质结催化剂具有比单一半导体催化剂更好的可见光吸收性能和更窄的带隙宽度,同时它对U(Ⅵ)的去除效率也远远高于单质催化剂。
Abstract
zhen dui mu qian cun zai de fang she xing fei shui wu ran ,xun zhao yi chong an quan ge li you xiao de chu li fang she xing fei shui de fang fa bian de shi fen chong yao 。jin ji nian lai ,ban dao ti guang cui hua fang fa zai chu li han you fei shui fang mian biao xian chu le jiao da de qian li 。bi ji ban dao ti cai liao you yu ji dai xi kuan du jiao zhai ,dui ke jian guang de xi shou neng li you yi ,du te de jing ti jie gou he jiao gao de guang cui hua xing neng ,shi yi chong fei chang you fa zhan qian jing de ban dao ti cai liao ,xian jie duan ren men dui bi ji cui hua ji de yan jiu hai chu zai chu ji jie duan 。yin ci ,she ji chu gao xiao ,huan bao de bi ji guang cui hua cai liao lai chu li huan jing wu ran bian de yue lai yue you jia zhi 。ben wen tong guo shi jin zi fa fen bie zhi bei chu le CuO/BiFeO3he Cu2O/BiVO4liang chong ke jian guang xiang ying xing yi zhi jie guang cui hua ji ,tong guo sao miao dian zi xian wei jing (SEM)、Xshe xian neng pu fen xi (EDS)、Xshe xian yan she fen xi (XRD)、Xshe xian guang dian zi neng pu (XPS)、zi wai ke jian man fan she fen xi (UV-Vis)、bi biao mian ji ce ding (BET)fang fa dui cui hua ji cai liao jin hang le biao zheng fen xi ,bing jiang ta men yong yu qu chu shui rong ye zhong U(Ⅵ)de guang cui hua hai yuan shi yan zhong ,yan jiu le ji zai bu tong tiao jian xia de guang cui hua xiao guo ,ju ti de yan jiu nei rong ru xia :(1)yong rong jiao -ning jiao fa zhi bei chu BiFeO3cai liao ,bing ju tong guo shi jin zi fa jiang bu tong zhi liang bi de CuOfu zai dao BiFeO3cai liao biao mian shang ge cheng le ke jian guang xiang ying xing de ban dao ti yi zhi jie CuO/BiFeO3guang cui hua ji 。tong guo duo chong fang shi dui gai cai liao de biao mian xing mao ,jing xing jie gou ,he su han liang yi ji guang xue xing neng jin hang le fen xi ,tan jiu le zai bu tong tiao jian zhong CuO/BiFeO3guang cui hua ji zai ke jian guang xia dui U(Ⅵ)de qu chu xiao guo ,bing ju dui fan ying hou de cai liao jin hang le hui shou li yong shi yan 。jie guo biao ming :CuOzhi liang bi wei 10%shi de CuO/BiFeO3guang cui hua ji zai pH=4.5,yang pin tou jia liang wei 0.6 g/L,U(Ⅵ)de chu shi nong du wei 5 mg/L,kong xue bu huo ji yong liang wei 8%de tiao jian xia de cui hua hai yuan su lv zui kuai ,fan ying dao 120 minshi qu chu lv da dao 95%,fan ying guo cheng fu ge yi ji dong li xue gui lv ,tong shi fu ge cui hua ji ju you liang hao de hui shou li yong xing neng 。(2)yong ning meng suan lao ge fa zhi bei chu BiVO4cai liao ,bing ju tong guo shi jin zi fa jiang bu tong ma er bi de Cu2Ofu zai dao BiVO4cai liao biao mian shang ge cheng le ke jian guang xiang ying xing ban dao ti yi zhi jie Cu2O/BiVO4guang cui hua ji 。dui zhe chong cai liao de xing neng jin hang le duo chong fang shi biao zheng fen xi bing yan jiu le zai ke jian guang xia bu tong tiao jian yin su dui Cu2O/BiVO4guang cui hua ji dui U(Ⅵ)de qu chu xiao guo de ying xiang 。jie guo biao ming :Cu2Oma er bi wei 2%de Cu2O/BiVO4guang cui hua ji zai pH=5.5,yang pin tou jia liang wei 0.8 g/L,U(Ⅵ)de chu shi nong du wei 5 mg/L,kong xue bu huo ji yong liang wei 8%de tiao jian xia de cui hua hai yuan su lv zui kuai ,fan ying dao 100 minshi de qu chu lv da dao 99%,fan ying guo cheng fu ge yi ji dong li xue gui lv 。(3)tong guo bi jiao chan zhi ban dao ti cui hua ji he yi zhi jie xing ban dao ti cui hua ji de biao zheng fen xi he dui rong ye zhong U(Ⅵ)de hai yuan qu chu xiao lv ,jie guo biao ming yi zhi jie cui hua ji ju you bi chan yi ban dao ti cui hua ji geng hao de ke jian guang xi shou xing neng he geng zhai de dai xi kuan du ,tong shi ta dui U(Ⅵ)de qu chu xiao lv ye yuan yuan gao yu chan zhi cui hua ji 。
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