本文主要研究内容
作者郭鑫(2019)在《经营措施对秦岭华北落叶松人工林的影响》一文中研究指出:华北落叶松(Larix principis-rupprechtii)属松科(Pinaceae),落叶松属(Larix),是我国华北地区中山以上区域的主要造林树种,具有速生丰产、材质好、用途广、耐腐朽等优点。由于秦岭中段的华北落叶松出现风倒、雪折、枯梢等现象较多,直接影响了落叶松林分质量和生长量,严重的纯林化导致生物多样性急剧下降。急需要针对落叶松经营管理和技术措施展开系统研究,以期改善这些不良现象,提高生态系统稳定性及生产力。本研究以西北农林科技大学教学实验林场(陕西安康宁陕县火地塘)平河梁华北落叶松人工林为研究对象,通过调查分析未经营(对照)、近自然经营(目标树作业体系,间伐强度20%)、林窗促进更新(样地内伐除直径40m的圆形林窗)对华北落叶松人工林林分生长和幼苗更新、林下物种多样性的影响,以及林下土壤理化性质的变化规律,以期优化秦岭地区华北落叶松人工林经营技术,为秦岭地区华北落叶松人工林经营提供理论和实践依据。主要获得以下结论:(1)近自然经营能够显著提升华北落叶松人工林生长速率,尤其是目标树的生长。近自然经营后,保留木的平均胸径、单株材积、总蓄积量的年平均生长速率显著高于对照,但对树高生长的影响较小。经营后目标树的胸径、单木材积的增加量显著高于对照,树高的增加量不显著。(2)两种经营措施均对林下幼苗生长发育的影响有显著差异。经营后,人工补植的红桦幼苗全部死亡,云杉和华山松幼苗的成活率都在近自然经营下最高,分别为:25.9%和23.4%。云杉和华山松在不同经营下的基径为林窗>近自然经营>对照。天然更新的幼苗数量和长势均为林窗>近自然经营>对照。经营不仅可以促进人工补植幼苗的生长,而且可以促进幼苗的天然更新。(3)秦岭落叶松人工林下的土壤中大部分化学性质都存在表聚性。随着土壤深度的增加,全钾含量无显著变化,土壤容重与pH值逐渐增加,土壤的毛管持水量、最大持水量、最小持水量、土壤含水量、毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度、总孔隙度、有机质含量、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、速效磷、有效钾的含量显著降低。(4)经营可以有效地改善土壤理化性质。经营后土壤容重、非毛管孔隙度、总孔隙度、土壤含水量、最大持水量、毛管持水量、最小持水量均有所提升,表现为:近自然经营>林窗>对照,提升效果以0-20cm的土层最为明显。经营后土壤化学性质较对照也有所提升,表现为:近自然经营>林窗>对照,其中pH值、全磷、水解氮、有效磷和有效钾含量差异显著。经营通过影响林分密度,导致林下枯落物、腐殖质发生变化,进而影响林下土壤的物理化学性质,提升土壤肥力。(5)经营措施可以显著提高林下灌草物种多样性。经营后,华北落叶松人工林林下植物的种类和数量均有明显增加,喜光植物占比提高;经营也能够显著提高华北落叶松人工林林下的物种丰富度。林下灌草种类呈现明显的上升趋势,以近自然经营效果更为明显。且两种经营与对照之间的植物共有种和相似性系数都较低,但近自然经营和林窗促进更新的经营之间仍具有较高的物种相似性系数。综上分析,近自然经营可以促进华北落叶松人工林保留木胸径、材积的生长,有效的改善林下土壤理化性质,增加林下植物的物种丰富度和物种多样性,在秦岭其他区域落叶松人工林中可以推广近自然经营模式。
Abstract
hua bei la xie song (Larix principis-rupprechtii)shu song ke (Pinaceae),la xie song shu (Larix),shi wo guo hua bei de ou zhong shan yi shang ou yu de zhu yao zao lin shu chong ,ju you su sheng feng chan 、cai zhi hao 、yong tu an 、nai fu xiu deng you dian 。you yu qin ling zhong duan de hua bei la xie song chu xian feng dao 、xue she 、ku sao deng xian xiang jiao duo ,zhi jie ying xiang le la xie song lin fen zhi liang he sheng chang liang ,yan chong de chun lin hua dao zhi sheng wu duo yang xing ji ju xia jiang 。ji xu yao zhen dui la xie song jing ying guan li he ji shu cuo shi zhan kai ji tong yan jiu ,yi ji gai shan zhe xie bu liang xian xiang ,di gao sheng tai ji tong wen ding xing ji sheng chan li 。ben yan jiu yi xi bei nong lin ke ji da xue jiao xue shi yan lin chang (shan xi an kang ning shan xian huo de tang )ping he liang hua bei la xie song ren gong lin wei yan jiu dui xiang ,tong guo diao cha fen xi wei jing ying (dui zhao )、jin zi ran jing ying (mu biao shu zuo ye ti ji ,jian fa jiang du 20%)、lin chuang cu jin geng xin (yang de nei fa chu zhi jing 40mde yuan xing lin chuang )dui hua bei la xie song ren gong lin lin fen sheng chang he you miao geng xin 、lin xia wu chong duo yang xing de ying xiang ,yi ji lin xia tu rang li hua xing zhi de bian hua gui lv ,yi ji you hua qin ling de ou hua bei la xie song ren gong lin jing ying ji shu ,wei qin ling de ou hua bei la xie song ren gong lin jing ying di gong li lun he shi jian yi ju 。zhu yao huo de yi xia jie lun :(1)jin zi ran jing ying neng gou xian zhe di sheng hua bei la xie song ren gong lin sheng chang su lv ,you ji shi mu biao shu de sheng chang 。jin zi ran jing ying hou ,bao liu mu de ping jun xiong jing 、chan zhu cai ji 、zong xu ji liang de nian ping jun sheng chang su lv xian zhe gao yu dui zhao ,dan dui shu gao sheng chang de ying xiang jiao xiao 。jing ying hou mu biao shu de xiong jing 、chan mu cai ji de zeng jia liang xian zhe gao yu dui zhao ,shu gao de zeng jia liang bu xian zhe 。(2)liang chong jing ying cuo shi jun dui lin xia you miao sheng chang fa yo de ying xiang you xian zhe cha yi 。jing ying hou ,ren gong bu zhi de gong hua you miao quan bu si wang ,yun sha he hua shan song you miao de cheng huo lv dou zai jin zi ran jing ying xia zui gao ,fen bie wei :25.9%he 23.4%。yun sha he hua shan song zai bu tong jing ying xia de ji jing wei lin chuang >jin zi ran jing ying >dui zhao 。tian ran geng xin de you miao shu liang he chang shi jun wei lin chuang >jin zi ran jing ying >dui zhao 。jing ying bu jin ke yi cu jin ren gong bu zhi you miao de sheng chang ,er ju ke yi cu jin you miao de tian ran geng xin 。(3)qin ling la xie song ren gong lin xia de tu rang zhong da bu fen hua xue xing zhi dou cun zai biao ju xing 。sui zhao tu rang shen du de zeng jia ,quan jia han liang mo xian zhe bian hua ,tu rang rong chong yu pHzhi zhu jian zeng jia ,tu rang de mao guan chi shui liang 、zui da chi shui liang 、zui xiao chi shui liang 、tu rang han shui liang 、mao guan kong xi du 、fei mao guan kong xi du 、zong kong xi du 、you ji zhi han liang 、quan dan 、quan lin 、jian jie dan 、su xiao lin 、you xiao jia de han liang xian zhe jiang di 。(4)jing ying ke yi you xiao de gai shan tu rang li hua xing zhi 。jing ying hou tu rang rong chong 、fei mao guan kong xi du 、zong kong xi du 、tu rang han shui liang 、zui da chi shui liang 、mao guan chi shui liang 、zui xiao chi shui liang jun you suo di sheng ,biao xian wei :jin zi ran jing ying >lin chuang >dui zhao ,di sheng xiao guo yi 0-20cmde tu ceng zui wei ming xian 。jing ying hou tu rang hua xue xing zhi jiao dui zhao ye you suo di sheng ,biao xian wei :jin zi ran jing ying >lin chuang >dui zhao ,ji zhong pHzhi 、quan lin 、shui jie dan 、you xiao lin he you xiao jia han liang cha yi xian zhe 。jing ying tong guo ying xiang lin fen mi du ,dao zhi lin xia ku la wu 、fu shi zhi fa sheng bian hua ,jin er ying xiang lin xia tu rang de wu li hua xue xing zhi ,di sheng tu rang fei li 。(5)jing ying cuo shi ke yi xian zhe di gao lin xia guan cao wu chong duo yang xing 。jing ying hou ,hua bei la xie song ren gong lin lin xia zhi wu de chong lei he shu liang jun you ming xian zeng jia ,xi guang zhi wu zhan bi di gao ;jing ying ye neng gou xian zhe di gao hua bei la xie song ren gong lin lin xia de wu chong feng fu du 。lin xia guan cao chong lei cheng xian ming xian de shang sheng qu shi ,yi jin zi ran jing ying xiao guo geng wei ming xian 。ju liang chong jing ying yu dui zhao zhi jian de zhi wu gong you chong he xiang shi xing ji shu dou jiao di ,dan jin zi ran jing ying he lin chuang cu jin geng xin de jing ying zhi jian reng ju you jiao gao de wu chong xiang shi xing ji shu 。zeng shang fen xi ,jin zi ran jing ying ke yi cu jin hua bei la xie song ren gong lin bao liu mu xiong jing 、cai ji de sheng chang ,you xiao de gai shan lin xia tu rang li hua xing zhi ,zeng jia lin xia zhi wu de wu chong feng fu du he wu chong duo yang xing ,zai qin ling ji ta ou yu la xie song ren gong lin zhong ke yi tui an jin zi ran jing ying mo shi 。
论文参考文献
论文详细介绍
论文作者分别是来自西北农林科技大学的郭鑫,发表于刊物西北农林科技大学2019-07-11论文,是一篇关于华北落叶松人工林论文,近自然经营论文,林窗论文,林分生长论文,土壤理化性质论文,物种多样性论文,西北农林科技大学2019-07-11论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用,各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载,文章观点不代表本站观点,资料来自西北农林科技大学2019-07-11论文网站,若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权,请联系我们删除。
标签:华北落叶松人工林论文; 近自然经营论文; 林窗论文; 林分生长论文; 土壤理化性质论文; 物种多样性论文; 西北农林科技大学2019-07-11论文;