本文主要研究内容
作者胡斌（2019）在《正渗透技术从非常规水源中汲取净水用于农业种植研究》一文中研究指出：在全球水资源短缺的压力下,人们曾尝试直接使用微污染水等非常规水源进行农业灌溉。但微污染水中含有的重金属离子等有害物质,易被农作物富集,对人类健康造成危害。正渗透技术具有分离有害物质效果好、抗膜污染能力强等优势,但驱动溶质回收需消耗额外能耗,制约了正渗透技术的发展。肥料驱动的正渗透技术,以浓缩肥料作为驱动液,被汲取水稀释的驱动液可直接用于灌溉,无需进一步分离,过程能耗低,因此在水处理领域和农业中具有较好的应用潜力。本文以浓缩肥料作为正渗透驱动溶液,分别探究了微污染水-沼液体系、海水/污水-固体肥料体系的正渗透过程状况。考察了中空纤维正渗透膜对重金属离子Cd2+、Pb2+的截留性能;以水通量和反向溶质通量为指标对过程的操作参数进行了优化;并将汲取水稀释后的肥料液用于水培实验,评价了正渗透过程从非常规水源中汲取净水用于农业种植的可行性。主要内容和结论如下:(1)以沼液为驱动液,从含重金属离子的微污染水中汲取净水。以水通量和反盐通量为性能指标,考察了循环流速、进料液、驱动液温度等操作参数的影响。综合过程能耗等因素,确定了最佳的操作温度、流速和驱动液组成依次为25 ℃,200ml/min,100%沼液,在该操作条件下,正渗透膜对进料液中Pb2+和Cd2+的截留率分别高达98.5%和97.0%。(2)稀释沼液用于作物的水培实验。浓沼液作为正渗透的驱动液,依次从不同含盐量的微污染水中汲取净水,稀释沼液作为营养液水培作物。结果表明:对于含盐量为3000 ppm的微污染水,采用正渗透处理的稀释沼液水培水稻比直接用微污染水稀释沼液水培水稻,其植株高度增加了 8.8 cm,根系增长了 4.7 cm,叶片和根系分别增多了 1片和5条;韭菜的水培结果与水稻类似。由此可见,正渗透从含重金属的微污染水中汲取水稀释的沼液培养的作物,长势优于直接用含重金属的微污染水稀释沼液培养的作物,证明了肥料驱动的正渗透技术从微污染水源中汲取净水用于农业种植的可行性。(3)以固体肥料浓溶液为驱动液,从海水、污水中汲取净水。以水通量和反盐通量为性能指标,优化了循环流速、进料液、驱动液温度等参数。综合考虑能耗等因素,得出最佳操作温度、流速以及驱动液浓度依次为35℃、400 ml/min和1 M KH2PO4,适宜的液体流动方式和操作模式分别为错流和PRO模式;在该操作条件下,连续运行120 h后,驱动液体积从初始200 ml增加到5750 ml,提供了稀释固体肥料所需水量的42.3%。(4)稀释的固体肥料用于作物水培实验。固体肥料浓溶液作为正渗透的驱动液,依次从模拟海水、低浓度废水中汲取净水,稀释的固体肥料作为营养液水培水稻和棉花。结果显示:水稻的植株高度为过膜组(23.22 cm)>污水组(16.24 cm)>海水组(12.08 cm);根系长度为过膜组(14.36 cm)>污水组(10.63 cm)>海水组(9.20 cm);叶片数量为过膜组(4片)>污水组(3片)=海水组(3片);根系数量为过膜组(12片)>污水组(5片)>海水组(4片);棉花的水培结果和水稻相似,过膜组棉花长势优于污水组,污水组棉花长势又优于海水组。论文研究结果表明,肥料驱动的正渗透技术对重金属离子的截留性能优异,当使用固体肥料作为驱动液时,能从海水、污水中汲取大量净水稀释肥料液;水培结果证明了肥料驱动的正渗透技术从微污染水、海水等非常规水源中汲取净水用于农业灌溉的可行性。相信随着新型正渗透膜材料的开发、膜性能的提高,肥料驱动的正渗透技术将具有更加广阔的应用前景。
Abstract
zai quan qiu shui zi yuan duan que de ya li xia ,ren men ceng chang shi zhi jie shi yong wei wu ran shui deng fei chang gui shui yuan jin hang nong ye guan gai 。dan wei wu ran shui zhong han you de chong jin shu li zi deng you hai wu zhi ,yi bei nong zuo wu fu ji ,dui ren lei jian kang zao cheng wei hai 。zheng shen tou ji shu ju you fen li you hai wu zhi xiao guo hao 、kang mo wu ran neng li jiang deng you shi ,dan qu dong rong zhi hui shou xu xiao hao e wai neng hao ,zhi yao le zheng shen tou ji shu de fa zhan 。fei liao qu dong de zheng shen tou ji shu ,yi nong su fei liao zuo wei qu dong ye ,bei ji qu shui xi shi de qu dong ye ke zhi jie yong yu guan gai ,mo xu jin yi bu fen li ,guo cheng neng hao di ,yin ci zai shui chu li ling yu he nong ye zhong ju you jiao hao de ying yong qian li 。ben wen yi nong su fei liao zuo wei zheng shen tou qu dong rong ye ,fen bie tan jiu le wei wu ran shui -zhao ye ti ji 、hai shui /wu shui -gu ti fei liao ti ji de zheng shen tou guo cheng zhuang kuang 。kao cha le zhong kong qian wei zheng shen tou mo dui chong jin shu li zi Cd2+、Pb2+de jie liu xing neng ;yi shui tong liang he fan xiang rong zhi tong liang wei zhi biao dui guo cheng de cao zuo can shu jin hang le you hua ;bing jiang ji qu shui xi shi hou de fei liao ye yong yu shui pei shi yan ,ping jia le zheng shen tou guo cheng cong fei chang gui shui yuan zhong ji qu jing shui yong yu nong ye chong zhi de ke hang xing 。zhu yao nei rong he jie lun ru xia :(1)yi zhao ye wei qu dong ye ,cong han chong jin shu li zi de wei wu ran shui zhong ji qu jing shui 。yi shui tong liang he fan yan tong liang wei xing neng zhi biao ,kao cha le xun huan liu su 、jin liao ye 、qu dong ye wen du deng cao zuo can shu de ying xiang 。zeng ge guo cheng neng hao deng yin su ,que ding le zui jia de cao zuo wen du 、liu su he qu dong ye zu cheng yi ci wei 25 ℃,200ml/min,100%zhao ye ,zai gai cao zuo tiao jian xia ,zheng shen tou mo dui jin liao ye zhong Pb2+he Cd2+de jie liu lv fen bie gao da 98.5%he 97.0%。(2)xi shi zhao ye yong yu zuo wu de shui pei shi yan 。nong zhao ye zuo wei zheng shen tou de qu dong ye ,yi ci cong bu tong han yan liang de wei wu ran shui zhong ji qu jing shui ,xi shi zhao ye zuo wei ying yang ye shui pei zuo wu 。jie guo biao ming :dui yu han yan liang wei 3000 ppmde wei wu ran shui ,cai yong zheng shen tou chu li de xi shi zhao ye shui pei shui dao bi zhi jie yong wei wu ran shui xi shi zhao ye shui pei shui dao ,ji zhi zhu gao du zeng jia le 8.8 cm,gen ji zeng chang le 4.7 cm,xie pian he gen ji fen bie zeng duo le 1pian he 5tiao ;jiu cai de shui pei jie guo yu shui dao lei shi 。you ci ke jian ,zheng shen tou cong han chong jin shu de wei wu ran shui zhong ji qu shui xi shi de zhao ye pei yang de zuo wu ,chang shi you yu zhi jie yong han chong jin shu de wei wu ran shui xi shi zhao ye pei yang de zuo wu ,zheng ming le fei liao qu dong de zheng shen tou ji shu cong wei wu ran shui yuan zhong ji qu jing shui yong yu nong ye chong zhi de ke hang xing 。(3)yi gu ti fei liao nong rong ye wei qu dong ye ,cong hai shui 、wu shui zhong ji qu jing shui 。yi shui tong liang he fan yan tong liang wei xing neng zhi biao ,you hua le xun huan liu su 、jin liao ye 、qu dong ye wen du deng can shu 。zeng ge kao lv neng hao deng yin su ,de chu zui jia cao zuo wen du 、liu su yi ji qu dong ye nong du yi ci wei 35℃、400 ml/minhe 1 M KH2PO4,kuo yi de ye ti liu dong fang shi he cao zuo mo shi fen bie wei cuo liu he PROmo shi ;zai gai cao zuo tiao jian xia ,lian xu yun hang 120 hhou ,qu dong ye ti ji cong chu shi 200 mlzeng jia dao 5750 ml,di gong le xi shi gu ti fei liao suo xu shui liang de 42.3%。(4)xi shi de gu ti fei liao yong yu zuo wu shui pei shi yan 。gu ti fei liao nong rong ye zuo wei zheng shen tou de qu dong ye ,yi ci cong mo ni hai shui 、di nong du fei shui zhong ji qu jing shui ,xi shi de gu ti fei liao zuo wei ying yang ye shui pei shui dao he mian hua 。jie guo xian shi :shui dao de zhi zhu gao du wei guo mo zu (23.22 cm)>wu shui zu (16.24 cm)>hai shui zu (12.08 cm);gen ji chang du wei guo mo zu (14.36 cm)>wu shui zu (10.63 cm)>hai shui zu (9.20 cm);xie pian shu liang wei guo mo zu (4pian )>wu shui zu (3pian )=hai shui zu (3pian );gen ji shu liang wei guo mo zu (12pian )>wu shui zu (5pian )>hai shui zu (4pian );mian hua de shui pei jie guo he shui dao xiang shi ,guo mo zu mian hua chang shi you yu wu shui zu ,wu shui zu mian hua chang shi you you yu hai shui zu 。lun wen yan jiu jie guo biao ming ,fei liao qu dong de zheng shen tou ji shu dui chong jin shu li zi de jie liu xing neng you yi ,dang shi yong gu ti fei liao zuo wei qu dong ye shi ,neng cong hai shui 、wu shui zhong ji qu da liang jing shui xi shi fei liao ye ;shui pei jie guo zheng ming le fei liao qu dong de zheng shen tou ji shu cong wei wu ran shui 、hai shui deng fei chang gui shui yuan zhong ji qu jing shui yong yu nong ye guan gai de ke hang xing 。xiang xin sui zhao xin xing zheng shen tou mo cai liao de kai fa 、mo xing neng de di gao ,fei liao qu dong de zheng shen tou ji shu jiang ju you geng jia an kuo de ying yong qian jing 。
论文参考文献
论文详细介绍
论文作者分别是来自浙江大学的胡斌，发表于刊物浙江大学2019-07-07论文，是一篇关于正渗透技术论文,驱动溶液论文,微污染水论文,海水论文,水培论文,浙江大学2019-07-07论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用，各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载，文章观点不代表本站观点，资料来自浙江大学2019-07-07论文网站，若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权，请联系我们删除。