本文主要研究内容
作者汪芳琳（2019）在《兰州市大气环境中VOCs的污染特征及其健康风险评价》一文中研究指出：近年来,臭氧（O3）已成为我国许多地区的首要污染物,促使我国大气污染已经从煤烟型污染向复合型污染转变,其中作为二次有机气溶胶（Secondary Organic Aerosol,SOA）和O3前体物的挥发性有机化合物（Volatile Organic Compounds,VOCs）受到了政府及相关部门的广泛关注,有效进行VOCs的控制和减排,可以大大减缓臭氧和二次有机气溶胶的污染,从而改善城市空气质量,减少人群的环境健康风险。为此,本研究使用在线监测仪器对2018年兰州市大气环境中VOCs进行了为期一年的监测,分析VOCs及其组成的污染特征,探讨VOCs的光化学活性和对SOA的生成潜势,寻找其关键活性组分,并利用源解析模型对VOCs来源进行解析,同时评估其对人群的健康风险,得到了以下结果:（1）研究期间,兰州市大气环境中VOCs及其组成存在不同程度的污染2018年兰州市大气环境中TVOCs的浓度范围为43.88 ppbv51.58 ppbv,其中OVOCs污染水平较高,浓度范围为41.8046.14 ppbv,芳香烃次之,异戊二烯浓度较低;在重污染和沙尘天气条件下VOCs的污染水平远高于其它天气条件,浓度分别为119.06 ppbv和100.72 ppbv,其中乙腈和异戊二烯在沙尘天气条件下较高,重污染天气则是OVOCs和芳香烃类污染水平较高,其它时期浓度范围为47.23 ppbv54.38 ppbv。（2）兰州市大气环境中VOCs及其组成时间变化规律不尽相同TVOCs和OVOCs的年变化规律均呈波动状,在12月、45月和1011月均处于较高的污染水平,乙腈除5月较低外,年变化规律并不显著,异戊二烯在35月、芳烃类则在2月远远高于其它月份;TVOCs及其组成呈明显季节特征,其中TVOCs在夏季远低于其它三个季节,乙腈呈秋冬略高于春夏,异戊二烯在春季远远高于其它季节,OVOCs在夏季略低于其它季节,芳香烃类在冬季较高,秋季次之;TVOCs及其组成基本都呈日间略高于夜间,且日变化均呈双峰模式,但峰值出现的时间并不一致。（3）兰州市大气环境中VOCs具有较强的光化学活性及SOA生成潜势兰州市大气环境中VOCs对OH自由基的消耗速率为8.69 s-1,对O3的生成潜势为162.29μg/m3,其中乙醛、间/对二甲苯、异戊二烯、甲苯和间/对乙基甲苯为大气中的关键活性组分;VOCs对SOA的生成潜势为43.27μg/m3,其中甲苯、间/对二甲苯、邻二甲苯、间/对乙基甲苯、乙苯和1,3,5-三甲基苯为SOA生成的关键VOCs物种;VOCs对SOA的生成潜势具有明显的时间变化规律,年变化表现为2月远高于其它月份,秋冬季明显高于春夏,重污染和沙尘天气远高于其它天气条件。（4）兰州市不同时期大气环境中VOCs的来源基本一致,但主要贡献源并不一致。兰州市大气环境中T/B值311月、春夏秋三个季节以及不同天气条件下介于0.72之间,表明VOCs受机动车尾气排放的影响显著,12月、12月以及冬季T/B值则小于0.7,说明VOCs主要受燃煤、生物质燃烧影响;基于PMF模型,兰州市大气环境中VOCs主要来源于燃烧源+涂料溶剂使用源（61.58%）,其次为机动车尾气排放源（29.57%）,自然排放源仅占8.85%;不同天气条件下,燃烧+溶剂涂料使用源对VOCs的贡献在采暖期高达82.96%,沙尘天气仅占49.43%;机动车尾气排放对VOCs的贡献则在沙尘天气高达47.14%,而采暖期仅占11.17%。（5）兰州市大气环境中VOCs对人群具有一定程度的健康风险兰州市大气环境中VOCs对不同人群的非致癌风险指数HI介于2.16E-016.64E-01,不存在潜在的非致癌风险,但在重污染天气条件下HI介于1.073.28,成人在沙尘天气HI介于2.382.50,存在潜在非致癌风险,且乙醛贡献较大;VOCs对不同人群致癌风险介于6.24E-061.92E-05,处于可接受水平1E-061E-04,但在重污染天气和沙尘天气条件下致癌风险远高于其它天气条件。综上所述,兰州市大气环境中VOCs及其组成存在不同程度的污染,并具有明显的时间变化规律,VOCs具有较强的光化学活性,其生成SOA的潜势及来源在不同天气条件下不尽相同,但在重污染和沙尘天气条件下对人群存在一定的非致癌风险。
Abstract
jin nian lai ,chou yang （O3）yi cheng wei wo guo hu duo de ou de shou yao wu ran wu ,cu shi wo guo da qi wu ran yi jing cong mei yan xing wu ran xiang fu ge xing wu ran zhuai bian ,ji zhong zuo wei er ci you ji qi rong jiao （Secondary Organic Aerosol,SOA）he O3qian ti wu de hui fa xing you ji hua ge wu （Volatile Organic Compounds,VOCs）shou dao le zheng fu ji xiang guan bu men de an fan guan zhu ,you xiao jin hang VOCsde kong zhi he jian pai ,ke yi da da jian huan chou yang he er ci you ji qi rong jiao de wu ran ,cong er gai shan cheng shi kong qi zhi liang ,jian shao ren qun de huan jing jian kang feng xian 。wei ci ,ben yan jiu shi yong zai xian jian ce yi qi dui 2018nian lan zhou shi da qi huan jing zhong VOCsjin hang le wei ji yi nian de jian ce ,fen xi VOCsji ji zu cheng de wu ran te zheng ,tan tao VOCsde guang hua xue huo xing he dui SOAde sheng cheng qian shi ,xun zhao ji guan jian huo xing zu fen ,bing li yong yuan jie xi mo xing dui VOCslai yuan jin hang jie xi ,tong shi ping gu ji dui ren qun de jian kang feng xian ,de dao le yi xia jie guo :（1）yan jiu ji jian ,lan zhou shi da qi huan jing zhong VOCsji ji zu cheng cun zai bu tong cheng du de wu ran 2018nian lan zhou shi da qi huan jing zhong TVOCsde nong du fan wei wei 43.88 ppbv51.58 ppbv,ji zhong OVOCswu ran shui ping jiao gao ,nong du fan wei wei 41.8046.14 ppbv,fang xiang ting ci zhi ,yi wu er xi nong du jiao di ;zai chong wu ran he sha chen tian qi tiao jian xia VOCsde wu ran shui ping yuan gao yu ji ta tian qi tiao jian ,nong du fen bie wei 119.06 ppbvhe 100.72 ppbv,ji zhong yi jing he yi wu er xi zai sha chen tian qi tiao jian xia jiao gao ,chong wu ran tian qi ze shi OVOCshe fang xiang ting lei wu ran shui ping jiao gao ,ji ta shi ji nong du fan wei wei 47.23 ppbv54.38 ppbv。（2）lan zhou shi da qi huan jing zhong VOCsji ji zu cheng shi jian bian hua gui lv bu jin xiang tong TVOCshe OVOCsde nian bian hua gui lv jun cheng bo dong zhuang ,zai 12yue 、45yue he 1011yue jun chu yu jiao gao de wu ran shui ping ,yi jing chu 5yue jiao di wai ,nian bian hua gui lv bing bu xian zhe ,yi wu er xi zai 35yue 、fang ting lei ze zai 2yue yuan yuan gao yu ji ta yue fen ;TVOCsji ji zu cheng cheng ming xian ji jie te zheng ,ji zhong TVOCszai xia ji yuan di yu ji ta san ge ji jie ,yi jing cheng qiu dong lve gao yu chun xia ,yi wu er xi zai chun ji yuan yuan gao yu ji ta ji jie ,OVOCszai xia ji lve di yu ji ta ji jie ,fang xiang ting lei zai dong ji jiao gao ,qiu ji ci zhi ;TVOCsji ji zu cheng ji ben dou cheng ri jian lve gao yu ye jian ,ju ri bian hua jun cheng shuang feng mo shi ,dan feng zhi chu xian de shi jian bing bu yi zhi 。（3）lan zhou shi da qi huan jing zhong VOCsju you jiao jiang de guang hua xue huo xing ji SOAsheng cheng qian shi lan zhou shi da qi huan jing zhong VOCsdui OHzi you ji de xiao hao su lv wei 8.69 s-1,dui O3de sheng cheng qian shi wei 162.29μg/m3,ji zhong yi quan 、jian /dui er jia ben 、yi wu er xi 、jia ben he jian /dui yi ji jia ben wei da qi zhong de guan jian huo xing zu fen ;VOCsdui SOAde sheng cheng qian shi wei 43.27μg/m3,ji zhong jia ben 、jian /dui er jia ben 、lin er jia ben 、jian /dui yi ji jia ben 、yi ben he 1,3,5-san jia ji ben wei SOAsheng cheng de guan jian VOCswu chong ;VOCsdui SOAde sheng cheng qian shi ju you ming xian de shi jian bian hua gui lv ,nian bian hua biao xian wei 2yue yuan gao yu ji ta yue fen ,qiu dong ji ming xian gao yu chun xia ,chong wu ran he sha chen tian qi yuan gao yu ji ta tian qi tiao jian 。（4）lan zhou shi bu tong shi ji da qi huan jing zhong VOCsde lai yuan ji ben yi zhi ,dan zhu yao gong suo yuan bing bu yi zhi 。lan zhou shi da qi huan jing zhong T/Bzhi 311yue 、chun xia qiu san ge ji jie yi ji bu tong tian qi tiao jian xia jie yu 0.72zhi jian ,biao ming VOCsshou ji dong che wei qi pai fang de ying xiang xian zhe ,12yue 、12yue yi ji dong ji T/Bzhi ze xiao yu 0.7,shui ming VOCszhu yao shou ran mei 、sheng wu zhi ran shao ying xiang ;ji yu PMFmo xing ,lan zhou shi da qi huan jing zhong VOCszhu yao lai yuan yu ran shao yuan +tu liao rong ji shi yong yuan （61.58%）,ji ci wei ji dong che wei qi pai fang yuan （29.57%）,zi ran pai fang yuan jin zhan 8.85%;bu tong tian qi tiao jian xia ,ran shao +rong ji tu liao shi yong yuan dui VOCsde gong suo zai cai nuan ji gao da 82.96%,sha chen tian qi jin zhan 49.43%;ji dong che wei qi pai fang dui VOCsde gong suo ze zai sha chen tian qi gao da 47.14%,er cai nuan ji jin zhan 11.17%。（5）lan zhou shi da qi huan jing zhong VOCsdui ren qun ju you yi ding cheng du de jian kang feng xian lan zhou shi da qi huan jing zhong VOCsdui bu tong ren qun de fei zhi ai feng xian zhi shu HIjie yu 2.16E-016.64E-01,bu cun zai qian zai de fei zhi ai feng xian ,dan zai chong wu ran tian qi tiao jian xia HIjie yu 1.073.28,cheng ren zai sha chen tian qi HIjie yu 2.382.50,cun zai qian zai fei zhi ai feng xian ,ju yi quan gong suo jiao da ;VOCsdui bu tong ren qun zhi ai feng xian jie yu 6.24E-061.92E-05,chu yu ke jie shou shui ping 1E-061E-04,dan zai chong wu ran tian qi he sha chen tian qi tiao jian xia zhi ai feng xian yuan gao yu ji ta tian qi tiao jian 。zeng shang suo shu ,lan zhou shi da qi huan jing zhong VOCsji ji zu cheng cun zai bu tong cheng du de wu ran ,bing ju you ming xian de shi jian bian hua gui lv ,VOCsju you jiao jiang de guang hua xue huo xing ,ji sheng cheng SOAde qian shi ji lai yuan zai bu tong tian qi tiao jian xia bu jin xiang tong ,dan zai chong wu ran he sha chen tian qi tiao jian xia dui ren qun cun zai yi ding de fei zhi ai feng xian 。
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论文作者分别是来自兰州大学的汪芳琳，发表于刊物兰州大学2019-07-29论文，是一篇关于大气化学反应活性论文,源解析论文,健康风险评价论文,兰州大学2019-07-29论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用，各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载，文章观点不代表本站观点，资料来自兰州大学2019-07-29论文网站，若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权，请联系我们删除。
标签：大气化学反应活性论文; 源解析论文; 健康风险评价论文; 兰州大学2019-07-29论文;