本文主要研究内容
作者柴清祯(2019)在《基于宏观-微观模型的原子核裂变位垒与转动性质研究》一文中研究指出:裂变过程一直是原子核中的一种重要运动形态。一般地,重核分裂成几个中等质量原子核的现象称为原子核裂变。长久以来,关于裂变现象及其运动机制的研究始终是原子核物理研究中的热点之一。事实上,对裂变过程的精确描述直接关系到超重核的合成与衰变机制的研究,并有助于人们探索超重核的存在极限。此外,在天体物理中A ≤ 60的原子核可以通过熔合和带电粒子俘获反应形成。但是对于重核素(A>60),就需要依靠慢过程(s过程)和快过程(r过程)进行。其中,关于裂变位垒的解释对研究r过程十分重要。因此,在宏观-微观模型的框架下,基于推转壳模型的对能-形变-推转频率自洽处理的total-Routhian-surface(TRS)计算方法,我们系统地研究了超铀元素中裂变位垒随不同自由度的演化情况,如形变自由度(β2,γ,β4)、核子自由度(Z,N)和转动自由度(ω)等,并进行了分析与讨论。另一方面,相对于β-稳定核,处于高自旋态的原子核中存在许多有趣的现象,如形状共存、转动惯量的“回弯”、原子核的形状相变和集体运动模式的相变等。因而在本文中,我们选取集体性较强的半壳核(中子数N= 104的同中子素)为载体,细致地分析了这些集体现象背后的形成机制。首先,我们以有实验经验位垒数据的、最接近超重区域的252Cf为例,展示了当前的计算结果以及其他理论结果并进行了简要的分析。在考虑了三轴形变后,我们计算的位垒高度比经验位垒数据仅高估了 30 keV左右。这在一定程度上验证了当前模型的有效性。然后我们从宏观能以及微观能(壳修正能和对修正能)的贡献进行分析,发现它的势能曲线变化趋势和微观能的变化趋势相一致。更进一步的分析表明,壳修正能主宰着微观能的变化。通过对单粒子能级结构的演化可知:三轴鞍点的总能量比轴对称鞍点的能量低,进而考虑三轴形变后位垒高度会显著降低。推而广之,与实验上已取得位垒高度经验值的13个核的误差分析也表明:我们的多维势能面计算方法能够很好地描述锕系元素中的裂变位垒。因此,我们又给出了实验上已合成的95个超铀元素位垒形状,填补了位垒形状方面的系统性研究的空白。并且,我们提取了这95个超铀元素的位垒高度,等待着实验结果的验证。对于N= 152子壳核,它们的转动性质较好且处于重核到超重核的过渡区,非常适合于当前模型对位垒随不同形变自由度演化的研究。在这些同中子素的势能曲线随主要形变β2的变化过程中,宏观能在Z=104以后对位垒不再有正的贡献。在此以后,超重核完全是由于微观能的贡献而稳定存在的。另外,相对于γ形变对位垒高度的显著影响,β4形变的影响虽然没有它的大,但是也不可以忽略。实际上,考虑β4形变后N=152同中子素的势能曲线相对于原来的情况呈现出一个震荡的行为:它在较轻的同中子素中拉低了极小值的位置,而在较重的核中压低了鞍点的总能量。这背后的物理机制通过248Cm的单粒子能级随不同形变自由度的变化进行了微观解释。关于模型参数对位垒的影响,我们以质子滴线附近核254Rf为例,简要地分析了修改Woods-Saxon(WS)势参数和对关联后位垒的变化情况。此外,根据前面95个超铀元素的位垒形状,我们选取了三轴形变降低位垒程度较大的A=256同质量核为例,分析了它们随转动频率的变化以及各部分能量对位垒高度的贡献。并且,通过R4/2和P-因子两个经验参数以及与其它模型的对比,我们发现这些核具有较好的转动性质。进一步地,随着推转频率的增加,对能隙变得越来越低。这表明原子核总能量中对修正能的贡献在减小。事实上,在转动以后,壳修正能对位垒高度的贡献仍是主要的。对于较高转动频率下不规则的势垒形状,我们归因于发生了带交叉的缘故(组态发生了变化)。这可以通过转动惯量的变化进行分析。基于TRS计算,我们很好地重复出了256Fm和256Rf转动惯量的行为。整体上,这些同质量核的转动惯量都有类似平缓的上弯行为。但是在较低质子数的核中,上弯较为突然且程度较大。从256Cm费米面附近的准粒子能级变化图中可以发现,它的一对准质子能级发生了交叉。这表明该对质子拆对顺排后,两准质子态占据了晕态,从而引起了转动惯量的突然变化。对N = 104半壳核转动性质的研究,首先从已观测到形状共存现象的186Pb,184Hg和182pt入手。通过对184Hg的单粒子能级随形变参数的变化,详细说明了 184Hg中的扁椭形状、长椭形状以及超形变长椭形状的形状共存。进一步地,在调研了整个同中子素链之后,我们建议了实验上观测这些核中形状共存现象的最佳转动频率。另外,我们也解释了转动性质较好的N=104半壳核中的转动惯量“回弯”现象。在调节对力强度无法较好重复转动惯量的行为后,我们认为这主要是理论计算的平均场部分没有考虑转动-振动耦合所导致的。通过一些改进的E-gamma over spin(E-GOS)曲线,我们指出了这些核中存在着集体转动模式和集体振动模式的相变。并且,研究表明原子核势能面的软硬和这些集体运动模式有一定的对应关系。最后,我们给出了最重的N=104同中子素中质子滴线附近的188Po中单粒子能级随各个WS势参数的变化。其中,势参数V和r0主要是同时使单粒子能级向上或向下,而势参数入和r0 so及a可以改变单粒子能级的次序。这有助于在将来拟合滴线核区及超重核区原子核的WS势参数。
Abstract
lie bian guo cheng yi zhi shi yuan zi he zhong de yi chong chong yao yun dong xing tai 。yi ban de ,chong he fen lie cheng ji ge zhong deng zhi liang yuan zi he de xian xiang chen wei yuan zi he lie bian 。chang jiu yi lai ,guan yu lie bian xian xiang ji ji yun dong ji zhi de yan jiu shi zhong shi yuan zi he wu li yan jiu zhong de re dian zhi yi 。shi shi shang ,dui lie bian guo cheng de jing que miao shu zhi jie guan ji dao chao chong he de ge cheng yu cui bian ji zhi de yan jiu ,bing you zhu yu ren men tan suo chao chong he de cun zai ji xian 。ci wai ,zai tian ti wu li zhong A ≤ 60de yuan zi he ke yi tong guo rong ge he dai dian li zi fu huo fan ying xing cheng 。dan shi dui yu chong he su (A>60),jiu xu yao yi kao man guo cheng (sguo cheng )he kuai guo cheng (rguo cheng )jin hang 。ji zhong ,guan yu lie bian wei lei de jie shi dui yan jiu rguo cheng shi fen chong yao 。yin ci ,zai hong guan -wei guan mo xing de kuang jia xia ,ji yu tui zhuai ke mo xing de dui neng -xing bian -tui zhuai pin lv zi qia chu li de total-Routhian-surface(TRS)ji suan fang fa ,wo men ji tong de yan jiu le chao you yuan su zhong lie bian wei lei sui bu tong zi you du de yan hua qing kuang ,ru xing bian zi you du (β2,γ,β4)、he zi zi you du (Z,N)he zhuai dong zi you du (ω)deng ,bing jin hang le fen xi yu tao lun 。ling yi fang mian ,xiang dui yu β-wen ding he ,chu yu gao zi xuan tai de yuan zi he zhong cun zai hu duo you qu de xian xiang ,ru xing zhuang gong cun 、zhuai dong guan liang de “hui wan ”、yuan zi he de xing zhuang xiang bian he ji ti yun dong mo shi de xiang bian deng 。yin er zai ben wen zhong ,wo men shua qu ji ti xing jiao jiang de ban ke he (zhong zi shu N= 104de tong zhong zi su )wei zai ti ,xi zhi de fen xi le zhe xie ji ti xian xiang bei hou de xing cheng ji zhi 。shou xian ,wo men yi you shi yan jing yan wei lei shu ju de 、zui jie jin chao chong ou yu de 252Cfwei li ,zhan shi le dang qian de ji suan jie guo yi ji ji ta li lun jie guo bing jin hang le jian yao de fen xi 。zai kao lv le san zhou xing bian hou ,wo men ji suan de wei lei gao du bi jing yan wei lei shu ju jin gao gu le 30 keVzuo you 。zhe zai yi ding cheng du shang yan zheng le dang qian mo xing de you xiao xing 。ran hou wo men cong hong guan neng yi ji wei guan neng (ke xiu zheng neng he dui xiu zheng neng )de gong suo jin hang fen xi ,fa xian ta de shi neng qu xian bian hua qu shi he wei guan neng de bian hua qu shi xiang yi zhi 。geng jin yi bu de fen xi biao ming ,ke xiu zheng neng zhu zai zhao wei guan neng de bian hua 。tong guo dui chan li zi neng ji jie gou de yan hua ke zhi :san zhou an dian de zong neng liang bi zhou dui chen an dian de neng liang di ,jin er kao lv san zhou xing bian hou wei lei gao du hui xian zhe jiang di 。tui er an zhi ,yu shi yan shang yi qu de wei lei gao du jing yan zhi de 13ge he de wu cha fen xi ye biao ming :wo men de duo wei shi neng mian ji suan fang fa neng gou hen hao de miao shu a ji yuan su zhong de lie bian wei lei 。yin ci ,wo men you gei chu le shi yan shang yi ge cheng de 95ge chao you yuan su wei lei xing zhuang ,tian bu le wei lei xing zhuang fang mian de ji tong xing yan jiu de kong bai 。bing ju ,wo men di qu le zhe 95ge chao you yuan su de wei lei gao du ,deng dai zhao shi yan jie guo de yan zheng 。dui yu N= 152zi ke he ,ta men de zhuai dong xing zhi jiao hao ju chu yu chong he dao chao chong he de guo du ou ,fei chang kuo ge yu dang qian mo xing dui wei lei sui bu tong xing bian zi you du yan hua de yan jiu 。zai zhe xie tong zhong zi su de shi neng qu xian sui zhu yao xing bian β2de bian hua guo cheng zhong ,hong guan neng zai Z=104yi hou dui wei lei bu zai you zheng de gong suo 。zai ci yi hou ,chao chong he wan quan shi you yu wei guan neng de gong suo er wen ding cun zai de 。ling wai ,xiang dui yu γxing bian dui wei lei gao du de xian zhe ying xiang ,β4xing bian de ying xiang sui ran mei you ta de da ,dan shi ye bu ke yi hu lve 。shi ji shang ,kao lv β4xing bian hou N=152tong zhong zi su de shi neng qu xian xiang dui yu yuan lai de qing kuang cheng xian chu yi ge zhen dang de hang wei :ta zai jiao qing de tong zhong zi su zhong la di le ji xiao zhi de wei zhi ,er zai jiao chong de he zhong ya di le an dian de zong neng liang 。zhe bei hou de wu li ji zhi tong guo 248Cmde chan li zi neng ji sui bu tong xing bian zi you du de bian hua jin hang le wei guan jie shi 。guan yu mo xing can shu dui wei lei de ying xiang ,wo men yi zhi zi di xian fu jin he 254Rfwei li ,jian yao de fen xi le xiu gai Woods-Saxon(WS)shi can shu he dui guan lian hou wei lei de bian hua qing kuang 。ci wai ,gen ju qian mian 95ge chao you yuan su de wei lei xing zhuang ,wo men shua qu le san zhou xing bian jiang di wei lei cheng du jiao da de A=256tong zhi liang he wei li ,fen xi le ta men sui zhuai dong pin lv de bian hua yi ji ge bu fen neng liang dui wei lei gao du de gong suo 。bing ju ,tong guo R4/2he P-yin zi liang ge jing yan can shu yi ji yu ji ta mo xing de dui bi ,wo men fa xian zhe xie he ju you jiao hao de zhuai dong xing zhi 。jin yi bu de ,sui zhao tui zhuai pin lv de zeng jia ,dui neng xi bian de yue lai yue di 。zhe biao ming yuan zi he zong neng liang zhong dui xiu zheng neng de gong suo zai jian xiao 。shi shi shang ,zai zhuai dong yi hou ,ke xiu zheng neng dui wei lei gao du de gong suo reng shi zhu yao de 。dui yu jiao gao zhuai dong pin lv xia bu gui ze de shi lei xing zhuang ,wo men gui yin yu fa sheng le dai jiao cha de yuan gu (zu tai fa sheng le bian hua )。zhe ke yi tong guo zhuai dong guan liang de bian hua jin hang fen xi 。ji yu TRSji suan ,wo men hen hao de chong fu chu le 256Fmhe 256Rfzhuai dong guan liang de hang wei 。zheng ti shang ,zhe xie tong zhi liang he de zhuai dong guan liang dou you lei shi ping huan de shang wan hang wei 。dan shi zai jiao di zhi zi shu de he zhong ,shang wan jiao wei tu ran ju cheng du jiao da 。cong 256Cmfei mi mian fu jin de zhun li zi neng ji bian hua tu zhong ke yi fa xian ,ta de yi dui zhun zhi zi neng ji fa sheng le jiao cha 。zhe biao ming gai dui zhi zi ca dui shun pai hou ,liang zhun zhi zi tai zhan ju le yun tai ,cong er yin qi le zhuai dong guan liang de tu ran bian hua 。dui N = 104ban ke he zhuai dong xing zhi de yan jiu ,shou xian cong yi guan ce dao xing zhuang gong cun xian xiang de 186Pb,184Hghe 182ptru shou 。tong guo dui 184Hgde chan li zi neng ji sui xing bian can shu de bian hua ,xiang xi shui ming le 184Hgzhong de bian tuo xing zhuang 、chang tuo xing zhuang yi ji chao xing bian chang tuo xing zhuang de xing zhuang gong cun 。jin yi bu de ,zai diao yan le zheng ge tong zhong zi su lian zhi hou ,wo men jian yi le shi yan shang guan ce zhe xie he zhong xing zhuang gong cun xian xiang de zui jia zhuai dong pin lv 。ling wai ,wo men ye jie shi le zhuai dong xing zhi jiao hao de N=104ban ke he zhong de zhuai dong guan liang “hui wan ”xian xiang 。zai diao jie dui li jiang du mo fa jiao hao chong fu zhuai dong guan liang de hang wei hou ,wo men ren wei zhe zhu yao shi li lun ji suan de ping jun chang bu fen mei you kao lv zhuai dong -zhen dong ou ge suo dao zhi de 。tong guo yi xie gai jin de E-gamma over spin(E-GOS)qu xian ,wo men zhi chu le zhe xie he zhong cun zai zhao ji ti zhuai dong mo shi he ji ti zhen dong mo shi de xiang bian 。bing ju ,yan jiu biao ming yuan zi he shi neng mian de ruan ying he zhe xie ji ti yun dong mo shi you yi ding de dui ying guan ji 。zui hou ,wo men gei chu le zui chong de N=104tong zhong zi su zhong zhi zi di xian fu jin de 188Pozhong chan li zi neng ji sui ge ge WSshi can shu de bian hua 。ji zhong ,shi can shu Vhe r0zhu yao shi tong shi shi chan li zi neng ji xiang shang huo xiang xia ,er shi can shu ru he r0 soji ake yi gai bian chan li zi neng ji de ci xu 。zhe you zhu yu zai jiang lai ni ge di xian he ou ji chao chong he ou yuan zi he de WSshi can shu 。
论文参考文献
论文详细介绍
论文作者分别是来自郑州大学的柴清祯,发表于刊物郑州大学2019-07-03论文,是一篇关于原子核结构论文,宏观微观模型论文,裂变位垒论文,形状共存论文,转动惯量论文,郑州大学2019-07-03论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用,各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载,文章观点不代表本站观点,资料来自郑州大学2019-07-03论文网站,若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权,请联系我们删除。
标签:原子核结构论文; 宏观微观模型论文; 裂变位垒论文; 形状共存论文; 转动惯量论文; 郑州大学2019-07-03论文;