本文主要研究内容
作者杨晓龙（2019）在《不同生育期干旱胁迫对水稻产量品质影响的生理机制研究》一文中研究指出：干旱是影响水稻生长发育最重要的非生物胁迫之一。在中国的长江中下游地区和南方地区,季节性干旱频繁发生,严重阻碍了水稻产业的发展。水稻在不同生育阶段对干旱胁迫的响应存在显著的差异,但其机理尚不明确。因此,本研究于2013-2014和2018年,在华中农业大学试验基地开展了不同类型水稻的干旱胁迫处理(传统淹灌-F、孕穗期干旱胁迫-BS、抽穗扬花期干旱胁迫-HS、灌浆乳熟期干旱胁迫-MS)的大田试验,试验采用裂区设计,其中水分处理为主区,品种(扬两优6号-YLY6和旱优113-HY113)为副区,揭示了在水稻孕穗期、抽穗扬花期和灌浆乳熟期,干旱胁迫及旱后复水对水稻生理特性、产量品质和水分利用效率的影响。主要结果如下:1.孕穗期、抽穗扬花期和灌浆乳熟期干旱胁迫显著降低了水稻叶片水势(LWP)27.83%-67.59%,气叶温差(ALTG)32.04%-44.11%。旱后复水第2 d,LWP、ALTG均能够恢复到对照水平;旱后复水第15-30 d,在孕穗期和抽穗扬花期经历干旱的水稻叶片LWP、ALTG和SPAD值均显著低于对照水平,灌浆乳熟期与对照没有显著差异。2.孕穗期、抽穗扬花期和灌浆乳熟期干旱胁迫显著降低了水稻叶片的气孔导度(Gs)29.76%-52.95%、净光合速率(Pn)20.67%-47.06%、蒸腾速率(Tr)7.72%-79.21%,叶片的光合生产能力显著下降;旱后复水第2 d,叶片Pn恢复到正常水平,在孕穗期和抽穗扬花期旱后复水的补偿效果更显著;干旱复水后15-30 d,在孕穗期和抽穗扬花期经历干旱胁迫的水稻Pn均显著低于对照水平,灌浆乳熟期与对照没有显著差异。3.与传统淹灌相比,孕穗期和抽穗扬花期干旱胁迫显著增加了水稻叶片的瞬时水分利用效率(IWUE)167%和133%,灌浆乳熟期IWUE显著降低12.99%。旱后复水第2 d,在孕穗期和抽穗扬花期经历干旱的水稻叶片IWUE恢复到对照水平,灌浆乳熟期IWUE则显著增加54.38%。说明在生殖生长的后期阶段旱后复水对光合速率的补偿效应大于对蒸腾速率的补偿。孕穗期和灌浆乳熟期干旱胁迫后,叶片碳同位素分辨率(Δ13C)显著增加,籽粒Δ13C显著下降;抽穗扬花期叶片Δ13C显著下降。Δ13C对WUE的指示存在器官和生育期上的差异。4.孕穗期和抽穗扬花期干旱胁迫显著降低了水稻产量23.81%-28.84%和17.52%-20.32%,灌浆乳熟期干旱胁迫有降低产量的趋势,但是未达到显著水平。孕穗期干旱导致产量下降的主要原因是有效穗、每穗实粒数和结实率的降低;抽穗扬花期干旱导致产量下降的主要原因是每穗实粒数和结实率的降低;灌浆乳熟期干旱引起千粒重的降低,但是结实率的增加弥补了千粒重降低带来的产量损失。5.孕穗期干旱胁迫显著降低了垩白粒率52.41%-62.28%、垩白度55.28%-57.06%,抽穗扬花期和灌浆乳熟期干旱胁迫显著增加了垩白粒率26.86%-64.03%,垩白度25.51%-34.50%。干旱胁迫显著增加了稻米蛋白质含量13.10%-20.69%,对加工品质没有显著的影响。6.孕穗期、抽穗扬花期和灌浆乳熟期干旱胁迫显著增加了脱落酸(ABA)含量30.04%-65.83%,脯氨酸(Pro)含量46.96%-181%,过氧化物酶(POD)含量28.41%-61.69%,过氧化氢酶(CAT)16.53%-77.23%,说明细胞的渗透势和活性氧显著增加。干旱复水后15-30 d,在孕穗期和抽穗扬花期经历干旱的水稻细胞分裂素(CTK)和生长素(IAA)含量中显著低于对照水平,灌浆乳熟期与对照没有显著差异,在生殖生长阶段的前期干旱胁迫会造成叶片的早衰。综上所述,在生殖生长阶段干旱胁迫显著降低了水稻的各项生理功能,特别是光合生产能力不足,虽然水稻在旱后具有一定的补偿作用,但是干旱胁迫引发水稻叶片的早衰,造成后期干物质积累不足,同时加速了灌浆速率、缩短灌浆时间,从而引起产量和品质的下降。
Abstract
gan han shi ying xiang shui dao sheng chang fa yo zui chong yao de fei sheng wu xie pai zhi yi 。zai zhong guo de chang jiang zhong xia you de ou he na fang de ou ,ji jie xing gan han pin fan fa sheng ,yan chong zu ai le shui dao chan ye de fa zhan 。shui dao zai bu tong sheng yo jie duan dui gan han xie pai de xiang ying cun zai xian zhe de cha yi ,dan ji ji li shang bu ming que 。yin ci ,ben yan jiu yu 2013-2014he 2018nian ,zai hua zhong nong ye da xue shi yan ji de kai zhan le bu tong lei xing shui dao de gan han xie pai chu li (chuan tong yan guan -F、yun sui ji gan han xie pai -BS、chou sui yang hua ji gan han xie pai -HS、guan jiang ru shou ji gan han xie pai -MS)de da tian shi yan ,shi yan cai yong lie ou she ji ,ji zhong shui fen chu li wei zhu ou ,pin chong (yang liang you 6hao -YLY6he han you 113-HY113)wei fu ou ,jie shi le zai shui dao yun sui ji 、chou sui yang hua ji he guan jiang ru shou ji ,gan han xie pai ji han hou fu shui dui shui dao sheng li te xing 、chan liang pin zhi he shui fen li yong xiao lv de ying xiang 。zhu yao jie guo ru xia :1.yun sui ji 、chou sui yang hua ji he guan jiang ru shou ji gan han xie pai xian zhe jiang di le shui dao xie pian shui shi (LWP)27.83%-67.59%,qi xie wen cha (ALTG)32.04%-44.11%。han hou fu shui di 2 d,LWP、ALTGjun neng gou hui fu dao dui zhao shui ping ;han hou fu shui di 15-30 d,zai yun sui ji he chou sui yang hua ji jing li gan han de shui dao xie pian LWP、ALTGhe SPADzhi jun xian zhe di yu dui zhao shui ping ,guan jiang ru shou ji yu dui zhao mei you xian zhe cha yi 。2.yun sui ji 、chou sui yang hua ji he guan jiang ru shou ji gan han xie pai xian zhe jiang di le shui dao xie pian de qi kong dao du (Gs)29.76%-52.95%、jing guang ge su lv (Pn)20.67%-47.06%、zheng teng su lv (Tr)7.72%-79.21%,xie pian de guang ge sheng chan neng li xian zhe xia jiang ;han hou fu shui di 2 d,xie pian Pnhui fu dao zheng chang shui ping ,zai yun sui ji he chou sui yang hua ji han hou fu shui de bu chang xiao guo geng xian zhe ;gan han fu shui hou 15-30 d,zai yun sui ji he chou sui yang hua ji jing li gan han xie pai de shui dao Pnjun xian zhe di yu dui zhao shui ping ,guan jiang ru shou ji yu dui zhao mei you xian zhe cha yi 。3.yu chuan tong yan guan xiang bi ,yun sui ji he chou sui yang hua ji gan han xie pai xian zhe zeng jia le shui dao xie pian de shun shi shui fen li yong xiao lv (IWUE)167%he 133%,guan jiang ru shou ji IWUExian zhe jiang di 12.99%。han hou fu shui di 2 d,zai yun sui ji he chou sui yang hua ji jing li gan han de shui dao xie pian IWUEhui fu dao dui zhao shui ping ,guan jiang ru shou ji IWUEze xian zhe zeng jia 54.38%。shui ming zai sheng shi sheng chang de hou ji jie duan han hou fu shui dui guang ge su lv de bu chang xiao ying da yu dui zheng teng su lv de bu chang 。yun sui ji he guan jiang ru shou ji gan han xie pai hou ,xie pian tan tong wei su fen bian lv (Δ13C)xian zhe zeng jia ,zi li Δ13Cxian zhe xia jiang ;chou sui yang hua ji xie pian Δ13Cxian zhe xia jiang 。Δ13Cdui WUEde zhi shi cun zai qi guan he sheng yo ji shang de cha yi 。4.yun sui ji he chou sui yang hua ji gan han xie pai xian zhe jiang di le shui dao chan liang 23.81%-28.84%he 17.52%-20.32%,guan jiang ru shou ji gan han xie pai you jiang di chan liang de qu shi ,dan shi wei da dao xian zhe shui ping 。yun sui ji gan han dao zhi chan liang xia jiang de zhu yao yuan yin shi you xiao sui 、mei sui shi li shu he jie shi lv de jiang di ;chou sui yang hua ji gan han dao zhi chan liang xia jiang de zhu yao yuan yin shi mei sui shi li shu he jie shi lv de jiang di ;guan jiang ru shou ji gan han yin qi qian li chong de jiang di ,dan shi jie shi lv de zeng jia mi bu le qian li chong jiang di dai lai de chan liang sun shi 。5.yun sui ji gan han xie pai xian zhe jiang di le e bai li lv 52.41%-62.28%、e bai du 55.28%-57.06%,chou sui yang hua ji he guan jiang ru shou ji gan han xie pai xian zhe zeng jia le e bai li lv 26.86%-64.03%,e bai du 25.51%-34.50%。gan han xie pai xian zhe zeng jia le dao mi dan bai zhi han liang 13.10%-20.69%,dui jia gong pin zhi mei you xian zhe de ying xiang 。6.yun sui ji 、chou sui yang hua ji he guan jiang ru shou ji gan han xie pai xian zhe zeng jia le tuo la suan (ABA)han liang 30.04%-65.83%,fu an suan (Pro)han liang 46.96%-181%,guo yang hua wu mei (POD)han liang 28.41%-61.69%,guo yang hua qing mei (CAT)16.53%-77.23%,shui ming xi bao de shen tou shi he huo xing yang xian zhe zeng jia 。gan han fu shui hou 15-30 d,zai yun sui ji he chou sui yang hua ji jing li gan han de shui dao xi bao fen lie su (CTK)he sheng chang su (IAA)han liang zhong xian zhe di yu dui zhao shui ping ,guan jiang ru shou ji yu dui zhao mei you xian zhe cha yi ,zai sheng shi sheng chang jie duan de qian ji gan han xie pai hui zao cheng xie pian de zao cui 。zeng shang suo shu ,zai sheng shi sheng chang jie duan gan han xie pai xian zhe jiang di le shui dao de ge xiang sheng li gong neng ,te bie shi guang ge sheng chan neng li bu zu ,sui ran shui dao zai han hou ju you yi ding de bu chang zuo yong ,dan shi gan han xie pai yin fa shui dao xie pian de zao cui ,zao cheng hou ji gan wu zhi ji lei bu zu ,tong shi jia su le guan jiang su lv 、su duan guan jiang shi jian ,cong er yin qi chan liang he pin zhi de xia jiang 。
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论文作者分别是来自华中农业大学的杨晓龙，发表于刊物华中农业大学2019-07-15论文，是一篇关于水稻论文,干旱胁迫论文,旱后复水论文,生理特性论文,水稻产量论文,稻米品质论文,水分利用效率论文,华中农业大学2019-07-15论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用，各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载，文章观点不代表本站观点，资料来自华中农业大学2019-07-15论文网站，若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权，请联系我们删除。
标签：水稻论文; 干旱胁迫论文; 旱后复水论文; 生理特性论文; 水稻产量论文; 稻米品质论文; 水分利用效率论文; 华中农业大学2019-07-15论文;