本文主要研究内容
作者孙胜香（2019）在《环境内分泌干扰物影响鱼类脂代谢的生物学机制探究及对鱼类消费人群的健康危害风险评估》一文中研究指出：环境内分泌干扰物(EDCs)是一类存在于自然水环境中的具有类激素效应的化学物质,可对生物体的免疫、内分泌和神经系统产生干扰效应。由于水体中的EDCs直接暴露鱼类,使得鱼类比其他的陆生动物遭受更加强烈的影响。EDCs可引发鱼体的生殖退化,甚至造成性别逆转。目前,已在部分地区的鱼群中发现雄鱼生殖特征雌性化的现象。除此之外,EDCs亦可干扰鱼类的能量代谢。在水产养殖中,鱼类的代谢性疾病十分普遍,尤其体现在鱼体的脂肪过度沉积,包括脂肪肝和腹腔脂肪严重沉积等。这不仅危害鱼类自身的健康,降低鱼类的抗应激能力,同时还会降低水产品品质,增加食品安全风险。但是,EDCs是如何干扰鱼类的脂代谢,以及EDCs对鱼类的脂代谢影响是否亦存在性别差异,该方面尚无研究。并且,EDCs对人类亦可造成癌症和畸形等不利的健康损伤。而人体摄入的EDCs大部分来自于对鱼类的消费和摄入。但是,当前鱼体的EDCs对消费者人类造成的健康风险如何至今尚无详细报道。因此,本论文旨在探究EDCs对鱼类脂代谢的性别二态作用及其生物学分子机制,并评估EDCs通过鱼类对消费人群造成的健康风险。本工作采用脂质组成分析、实时荧光定量PCR、蛋白印迹、转录组学分析、固相萃取、加压液相萃取和组织学分析等技术手段,首先以斑马鱼(Danio rerio)作为的研究对象,探究两种环境内分泌干扰物雌二醇(E2)和双酚A(BPA)对斑马鱼脂代谢所产生的性别二态性影响及其分子机制。随后以养殖鱼类-大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)、罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)和黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)作为研究对象,通过对不同鱼体EDCs的检测和分析,评估其对鱼类消费人群的健康危害风险,并追踪EDCs进入养殖鱼体的主要传递载体和途径。论文的主要结果和结论如下:1.环境内分泌干扰物对鱼类脂代谢的性别二态影响及其生物学机制在探究E2和BPA对鱼类的脂代谢性别二态影响之前,首先要确定雌雄鱼之间的脂代谢是否存在性别差异。采用脂肪含量为1%、7%和13%的饲料分别投喂雌雄斑马鱼6周,并对雌雄斑马鱼的脂质组成和脂代谢调控进行比较。结果表明,在同一种饲料处理下,雌鱼的总脂肪和肝脏中的甘油三酯(TG)含量显著高于雄鱼。并且,雄鱼的总脂肪和各组织中的TG含量,在不同的饲料处理组间比较稳定。而雌鱼的总脂肪和TG含量,在不同的饲料处理组中差异显著,尤其体现在高脂饲料处理组中。肝脏转录组的结果显示,雌雄斑马鱼的脂代谢通路差异明显。雌鱼肝脏中脂肪合成相关基因:乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(acc)、固醇调节元件结合蛋白-1c(srebp-1c)和脂肪酸合成酶(fasn)表达量显著高于雄鱼。以上研究结果表明,雌雄鱼之间的脂质组成和脂代谢调控模式存在显著差异。为了选取合适的E2和BPA暴露剂量,在正式实验开始之前,本研究先进行暴露浓度的筛选实验。基于前期发现雄鱼的脂代谢较为稳定,因此,选择雄斑马鱼进行E2和BPA的暴露浓度筛选实验。在正常脂肪含量饲料投喂下,采用不同梯度浓度的E2和BPA暴露雄斑马鱼6周。以E2(200 ng/L)和BPA(100μg/L)作为低浓度处理组,E2(2000 ng/L)和BPA(2000μg/L)作为高浓度处理组,探究不同浓度的E2和BPA对鱼体脂代谢的影响。所有E2和BPA处理组均可显著地提高斑马鱼的生长,破坏其精巢结构,抑制精子发育,并诱导雄鱼的生殖系统发生雌性化的现象。同时,与对照组和高浓度E2和BPA处理组相比,低浓度处理组可显著改变鱼体的脂质组成和脂代谢模式,促进鱼体的总脂肪,以及肝脏中的TG和游离脂肪酸(FFA)发生积累。以上研究结果表明,E2和BPA对鱼的脂代谢影响具有显著的浓度依赖效应。浓度筛选实验显示,E2(200 ng/L)和BPA(100μg/L)暴露浓度对斑马鱼的脂代谢可产生显著性影响。因此,为了深入探究E2和BPA对鱼类脂代谢的性别二态影响及其生物学分子机制,选择E2(200 ng/L)和BPA(100μg/L)分别暴露雌雄斑马鱼6周,同时增设雌激素受体抑制剂他莫昔芬(TAM)暴露组。研究结果发现,E2和BPA主要通过提高雄鱼体内脂肪合成基因的表达,进而显著地增加鱼体的总脂肪和肝脏中的TG含量,使得雄鱼的脂肪含量接近于雌鱼。同时,E2和BPA暴露后的雄鱼的脂代谢调控模式,与对照组雄鱼的脂代谢调控模式之间差异显著,而与对照组雌鱼的脂代谢调控模式相似度极高。这表明,E2和BPA暴露后雄鱼的脂代谢调控出现雌性化的表征。脂代谢相关蛋白的表达结果显示,E2和BPA可抑制腺苷酸激活蛋白激酶(AMPK)蛋白活性,从而降低AMPK通路下游的脂肪分解相关基因的表达。同时,被抑制的AMPK蛋白亦可激活雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)和SREBP-1c通路,并进一步启动脂肪合成基因fasn和acc的转录与表达。除此之外,E2和BPA亦可通过抑制信号转导和转录激活子3(STAT3)蛋白的表达,促进下游srebp-1c的基因转录。以上研究结果表明,E2和BPA主要通过抑制AMPK蛋白的表达激活mTOR/SREBP-1c的脂肪合成相关通路,提高雄鱼的脂肪积累,最后导致雄鱼的脂代谢调控模式趋于雌性。2.养殖鱼体环境内分泌干扰物对消费人群的健康风险评估由于人们日常生活中的鱼类供应主要来源于水产养殖,因此,本部分工作选择养殖鱼类开展鱼体EDCs对人类健康的风险评估。首先评估自然水环境中的E2和BPA,通过养殖鱼大黄鱼对人体的健康风险。我们使用等脂不等糖的配合饲料在我国象山海域养殖大黄鱼8周,以此建立两种体脂含量不同的养殖鱼模型。通过检测鱼体的脂肪含量及E2和BPA的积累水平,探究不同能量含量的饲料对养殖鱼的生长和体内污染物蓄积的影响,并评估实际养殖鱼体BPA含量对人体的健康风险。结果显示,高能饲料处理组中全鱼、肌肉和肝脏中的脂肪含量显著高于低能饲料处理组。两个不同饲料处理组鱼体的E2浓度没有呈现显著性差异,但BPA在高能饲料处理组鱼体的浓度具有高于低能饲料处理组的趋势。虽然本研究中,大黄鱼体内积累的BPA并不会对人体产生健康危害。但高能饲料处理组鱼体的BPA对人体产生的健康风险,仍然具有高于低能饲料处理组的趋势,这表明饲料组成可影响环境污染物在养殖鱼体内的积累浓度,进而影响其对人体造成的健康危害风险。基于上述大黄鱼的研究结果,为了深入探究饲料成分对养殖鱼体EDCs积累的影响,以及EDCs在不同种类养殖鱼体的沉积差异,我们在本领域首次开展了EDCs“从海洋到餐桌”的全养殖链追踪。本研究从我国渤海和黄海捕捞一批鳀鱼,送至两家粗制鱼油加工厂制得粗制鱼油,再将两种粗制鱼油送至精炼鱼油加工厂制得精炼鱼油。再以三种鱼油作为饲料中主要的脂肪源,制得含有三种不同鱼油的饲料,分别为粗制鱼油1号饲料、粗制鱼油2号饲料和精炼鱼油饲料。使用三种饲料分别养殖罗非鱼(lean fish,瘦鱼)和黄颡鱼(oily fish,油鱼)8周,对鱼的生长和营养指标,及肌肉中的环境内分泌干扰物DDTs、PCBs和二恶英进行检测分析。研究发现,黄颡鱼和罗非鱼的生长和营养组成显著不同,黄颡鱼的脂肪含量显著高于罗非鱼,但其增重、饲料效率和蛋白含量显著地低于罗非鱼。并且,黄颡鱼肌肉中的DDTs、PCBs和二恶英含量亦显著高于罗非鱼,同时,黄颡鱼体内EDCs对人体产生的健康风险高于罗非鱼。这说明养殖鱼的种类可影响鱼体EDCs的蓄积浓度,进而影响其对人体造成的健康危害风险。通过分析养殖水体、饲料成分、鱼油和养殖鱼体的EDCs组成模式图发现,鱼体的EDCs主要来自于饲料中的鱼油成分,这表明鱼油是海洋EDCs进入养殖鱼体的重要传递载体。并且,粗制鱼油组鱼体的EDCs含量显著高于精炼鱼油组鱼体的EDCs含量,这说明鱼油的加工技术亦可影响养殖鱼体内的EDCs积累浓度。上述研究结果表明,通过减少粗制鱼油的使用,提高养殖鱼的生长和饲料效率,可有效地降低环境中EDCs对鱼类消费人群造成的健康危害风险。本研究论文立足于当前我国水产养殖面临的问题和挑战,以及鱼类消费人群的所可能面临的健康隐患,较为全面而深入地阐明环境污染物对鱼类代谢性疾病和人类健康的影响,为准确评价当前的环境健康与水产品品质提供基础数据。同时,本研究首次追踪海洋EDCs通过饲料鱼油,传递至养殖鱼体,最终进入人体这一传输路径。为保障水产品的绿色安全,并提高鱼类消费人群的身体健康素质提供重要的参考依据。
Abstract
huan jing nei fen bi gan rao wu (EDCs)shi yi lei cun zai yu zi ran shui huan jing zhong de ju you lei ji su xiao ying de hua xue wu zhi ,ke dui sheng wu ti de mian yi 、nei fen bi he shen jing ji tong chan sheng gan rao xiao ying 。you yu shui ti zhong de EDCszhi jie bao lou yu lei ,shi de yu lei bi ji ta de liu sheng dong wu zao shou geng jia jiang lie de ying xiang 。EDCske yin fa yu ti de sheng shi tui hua ,shen zhi zao cheng xing bie ni zhuai 。mu qian ,yi zai bu fen de ou de yu qun zhong fa xian xiong yu sheng shi te zheng ci xing hua de xian xiang 。chu ci zhi wai ,EDCsyi ke gan rao yu lei de neng liang dai xie 。zai shui chan yang shi zhong ,yu lei de dai xie xing ji bing shi fen pu bian ,you ji ti xian zai yu ti de zhi fang guo du chen ji ,bao gua zhi fang gan he fu qiang zhi fang yan chong chen ji deng 。zhe bu jin wei hai yu lei zi shen de jian kang ,jiang di yu lei de kang ying ji neng li ,tong shi hai hui jiang di shui chan pin pin zhi ,zeng jia shi pin an quan feng xian 。dan shi ,EDCsshi ru he gan rao yu lei de zhi dai xie ,yi ji EDCsdui yu lei de zhi dai xie ying xiang shi fou yi cun zai xing bie cha yi ,gai fang mian shang mo yan jiu 。bing ju ,EDCsdui ren lei yi ke zao cheng ai zheng he ji xing deng bu li de jian kang sun shang 。er ren ti she ru de EDCsda bu fen lai zi yu dui yu lei de xiao fei he she ru 。dan shi ,dang qian yu ti de EDCsdui xiao fei zhe ren lei zao cheng de jian kang feng xian ru he zhi jin shang mo xiang xi bao dao 。yin ci ,ben lun wen zhi zai tan jiu EDCsdui yu lei zhi dai xie de xing bie er tai zuo yong ji ji sheng wu xue fen zi ji zhi ,bing ping gu EDCstong guo yu lei dui xiao fei ren qun zao cheng de jian kang feng xian 。ben gong zuo cai yong zhi zhi zu cheng fen xi 、shi shi ying guang ding liang PCR、dan bai yin ji 、zhuai lu zu xue fen xi 、gu xiang cui qu 、jia ya ye xiang cui qu he zu zhi xue fen xi deng ji shu shou duan ,shou xian yi ban ma yu (Danio rerio)zuo wei de yan jiu dui xiang ,tan jiu liang chong huan jing nei fen bi gan rao wu ci er chun (E2)he shuang fen A(BPA)dui ban ma yu zhi dai xie suo chan sheng de xing bie er tai xing ying xiang ji ji fen zi ji zhi 。sui hou yi yang shi yu lei -da huang yu (Pseudosciaena crocea)、luo fei yu (Oreochromis niloticus)he huang sang yu (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)zuo wei yan jiu dui xiang ,tong guo dui bu tong yu ti EDCsde jian ce he fen xi ,ping gu ji dui yu lei xiao fei ren qun de jian kang wei hai feng xian ,bing zhui zong EDCsjin ru yang shi yu ti de zhu yao chuan di zai ti he tu jing 。lun wen de zhu yao jie guo he jie lun ru xia :1.huan jing nei fen bi gan rao wu dui yu lei zhi dai xie de xing bie er tai ying xiang ji ji sheng wu xue ji zhi zai tan jiu E2he BPAdui yu lei de zhi dai xie xing bie er tai ying xiang zhi qian ,shou xian yao que ding ci xiong yu zhi jian de zhi dai xie shi fou cun zai xing bie cha yi 。cai yong zhi fang han liang wei 1%、7%he 13%de si liao fen bie tou wei ci xiong ban ma yu 6zhou ,bing dui ci xiong ban ma yu de zhi zhi zu cheng he zhi dai xie diao kong jin hang bi jiao 。jie guo biao ming ,zai tong yi chong si liao chu li xia ,ci yu de zong zhi fang he gan zang zhong de gan you san zhi (TG)han liang xian zhe gao yu xiong yu 。bing ju ,xiong yu de zong zhi fang he ge zu zhi zhong de TGhan liang ,zai bu tong de si liao chu li zu jian bi jiao wen ding 。er ci yu de zong zhi fang he TGhan liang ,zai bu tong de si liao chu li zu zhong cha yi xian zhe ,you ji ti xian zai gao zhi si liao chu li zu zhong 。gan zang zhuai lu zu de jie guo xian shi ,ci xiong ban ma yu de zhi dai xie tong lu cha yi ming xian 。ci yu gan zang zhong zhi fang ge cheng xiang guan ji yin :yi xian fu mei Asuo hua mei (acc)、gu chun diao jie yuan jian jie ge dan bai -1c(srebp-1c)he zhi fang suan ge cheng mei (fasn)biao da liang xian zhe gao yu xiong yu 。yi shang yan jiu jie guo biao ming ,ci xiong yu zhi jian de zhi zhi zu cheng he zhi dai xie diao kong mo shi cun zai xian zhe cha yi 。wei le shua qu ge kuo de E2he BPAbao lou ji liang ,zai zheng shi shi yan kai shi zhi qian ,ben yan jiu xian jin hang bao lou nong du de shai shua shi yan 。ji yu qian ji fa xian xiong yu de zhi dai xie jiao wei wen ding ,yin ci ,shua ze xiong ban ma yu jin hang E2he BPAde bao lou nong du shai shua shi yan 。zai zheng chang zhi fang han liang si liao tou wei xia ,cai yong bu tong ti du nong du de E2he BPAbao lou xiong ban ma yu 6zhou 。yi E2(200 ng/L)he BPA(100μg/L)zuo wei di nong du chu li zu ,E2(2000 ng/L)he BPA(2000μg/L)zuo wei gao nong du chu li zu ,tan jiu bu tong nong du de E2he BPAdui yu ti zhi dai xie de ying xiang 。suo you E2he BPAchu li zu jun ke xian zhe de di gao ban ma yu de sheng chang ,po huai ji jing chao jie gou ,yi zhi jing zi fa yo ,bing you dao xiong yu de sheng shi ji tong fa sheng ci xing hua de xian xiang 。tong shi ,yu dui zhao zu he gao nong du E2he BPAchu li zu xiang bi ,di nong du chu li zu ke xian zhe gai bian yu ti de zhi zhi zu cheng he zhi dai xie mo shi ,cu jin yu ti de zong zhi fang ,yi ji gan zang zhong de TGhe you li zhi fang suan (FFA)fa sheng ji lei 。yi shang yan jiu jie guo biao ming ,E2he BPAdui yu de zhi dai xie ying xiang ju you xian zhe de nong du yi lai xiao ying 。nong du shai shua shi yan xian shi ,E2(200 ng/L)he BPA(100μg/L)bao lou nong du dui ban ma yu de zhi dai xie ke chan sheng xian zhe xing ying xiang 。yin ci ,wei le shen ru tan jiu E2he BPAdui yu lei zhi dai xie de xing bie er tai ying xiang ji ji sheng wu xue fen zi ji zhi ,shua ze E2(200 ng/L)he BPA(100μg/L)fen bie bao lou ci xiong ban ma yu 6zhou ,tong shi zeng she ci ji su shou ti yi zhi ji ta mo xi fen (TAM)bao lou zu 。yan jiu jie guo fa xian ,E2he BPAzhu yao tong guo di gao xiong yu ti nei zhi fang ge cheng ji yin de biao da ,jin er xian zhe de zeng jia yu ti de zong zhi fang he gan zang zhong de TGhan liang ,shi de xiong yu de zhi fang han liang jie jin yu ci yu 。tong shi ,E2he BPAbao lou hou de xiong yu de zhi dai xie diao kong mo shi ,yu dui zhao zu xiong yu de zhi dai xie diao kong mo shi zhi jian cha yi xian zhe ,er yu dui zhao zu ci yu de zhi dai xie diao kong mo shi xiang shi du ji gao 。zhe biao ming ,E2he BPAbao lou hou xiong yu de zhi dai xie diao kong chu xian ci xing hua de biao zheng 。zhi dai xie xiang guan dan bai de biao da jie guo xian shi ,E2he BPAke yi zhi xian gan suan ji huo dan bai ji mei (AMPK)dan bai huo xing ,cong er jiang di AMPKtong lu xia you de zhi fang fen jie xiang guan ji yin de biao da 。tong shi ,bei yi zhi de AMPKdan bai yi ke ji huo lei pa mei su ba dan bai (mTOR)he SREBP-1ctong lu ,bing jin yi bu qi dong zhi fang ge cheng ji yin fasnhe accde zhuai lu yu biao da 。chu ci zhi wai ,E2he BPAyi ke tong guo yi zhi xin hao zhuai dao he zhuai lu ji huo zi 3(STAT3)dan bai de biao da ,cu jin xia you srebp-1cde ji yin zhuai lu 。yi shang yan jiu jie guo biao ming ,E2he BPAzhu yao tong guo yi zhi AMPKdan bai de biao da ji huo mTOR/SREBP-1cde zhi fang ge cheng xiang guan tong lu ,di gao xiong yu de zhi fang ji lei ,zui hou dao zhi xiong yu de zhi dai xie diao kong mo shi qu yu ci xing 。2.yang shi yu ti huan jing nei fen bi gan rao wu dui xiao fei ren qun de jian kang feng xian ping gu you yu ren men ri chang sheng huo zhong de yu lei gong ying zhu yao lai yuan yu shui chan yang shi ,yin ci ,ben bu fen gong zuo shua ze yang shi yu lei kai zhan yu ti EDCsdui ren lei jian kang de feng xian ping gu 。shou xian ping gu zi ran shui huan jing zhong de E2he BPA,tong guo yang shi yu da huang yu dui ren ti de jian kang feng xian 。wo men shi yong deng zhi bu deng tang de pei ge si liao zai wo guo xiang shan hai yu yang shi da huang yu 8zhou ,yi ci jian li liang chong ti zhi han liang bu tong de yang shi yu mo xing 。tong guo jian ce yu ti de zhi fang han liang ji E2he BPAde ji lei shui ping ,tan jiu bu tong neng liang han liang de si liao dui yang shi yu de sheng chang he ti nei wu ran wu xu ji de ying xiang ,bing ping gu shi ji yang shi yu ti BPAhan liang dui ren ti de jian kang feng xian 。jie guo xian shi ,gao neng si liao chu li zu zhong quan yu 、ji rou he gan zang zhong de zhi fang han liang xian zhe gao yu di neng si liao chu li zu 。liang ge bu tong si liao chu li zu yu ti de E2nong du mei you cheng xian xian zhe xing cha yi ,dan BPAzai gao neng si liao chu li zu yu ti de nong du ju you gao yu di neng si liao chu li zu de qu shi 。sui ran ben yan jiu zhong ,da huang yu ti nei ji lei de BPAbing bu hui dui ren ti chan sheng jian kang wei hai 。dan gao neng si liao chu li zu yu ti de BPAdui ren ti chan sheng de jian kang feng xian ,reng ran ju you gao yu di neng si liao chu li zu de qu shi ,zhe biao ming si liao zu cheng ke ying xiang huan jing wu ran wu zai yang shi yu ti nei de ji lei nong du ,jin er ying xiang ji dui ren ti zao cheng de jian kang wei hai feng xian 。ji yu shang shu da huang yu de yan jiu jie guo ,wei le shen ru tan jiu si liao cheng fen dui yang shi yu ti EDCsji lei de ying xiang ,yi ji EDCszai bu tong chong lei yang shi yu ti de chen ji cha yi ,wo men zai ben ling yu shou ci kai zhan le EDCs“cong hai xiang dao can zhuo ”de quan yang shi lian zhui zong 。ben yan jiu cong wo guo bo hai he huang hai bu lao yi pi ti yu ,song zhi liang jia cu zhi yu you jia gong an zhi de cu zhi yu you ,zai jiang liang chong cu zhi yu you song zhi jing lian yu you jia gong an zhi de jing lian yu you 。zai yi san chong yu you zuo wei si liao zhong zhu yao de zhi fang yuan ,zhi de han you san chong bu tong yu you de si liao ,fen bie wei cu zhi yu you 1hao si liao 、cu zhi yu you 2hao si liao he jing lian yu you si liao 。shi yong san chong si liao fen bie yang shi luo fei yu (lean fish,shou yu )he huang sang yu (oily fish,you yu )8zhou ,dui yu de sheng chang he ying yang zhi biao ,ji ji rou zhong de huan jing nei fen bi gan rao wu DDTs、PCBshe er e ying jin hang jian ce fen xi 。yan jiu fa xian ,huang sang yu he luo fei yu de sheng chang he ying yang zu cheng xian zhe bu tong ,huang sang yu de zhi fang han liang xian zhe gao yu luo fei yu ,dan ji zeng chong 、si liao xiao lv he dan bai han liang xian zhe de di yu luo fei yu 。bing ju ,huang sang yu ji rou zhong de DDTs、PCBshe er e ying han liang yi xian zhe gao yu luo fei yu ,tong shi ,huang sang yu ti nei EDCsdui ren ti chan sheng de jian kang feng xian gao yu luo fei yu 。zhe shui ming yang shi yu de chong lei ke ying xiang yu ti EDCsde xu ji nong du ,jin er ying xiang ji dui ren ti zao cheng de jian kang wei hai feng xian 。tong guo fen xi yang shi shui ti 、si liao cheng fen 、yu you he yang shi yu ti de EDCszu cheng mo shi tu fa xian ,yu ti de EDCszhu yao lai zi yu si liao zhong de yu you cheng fen ,zhe biao ming yu you shi hai xiang EDCsjin ru yang shi yu ti de chong yao chuan di zai ti 。bing ju ,cu zhi yu you zu yu ti de EDCshan liang xian zhe gao yu jing lian yu you zu yu ti de EDCshan liang ,zhe shui ming yu you de jia gong ji shu yi ke ying xiang yang shi yu ti nei de EDCsji lei nong du 。shang shu yan jiu jie guo biao ming ,tong guo jian shao cu zhi yu you de shi yong ,di gao yang shi yu de sheng chang he si liao xiao lv ,ke you xiao de jiang di huan jing zhong EDCsdui yu lei xiao fei ren qun zao cheng de jian kang wei hai feng xian 。ben yan jiu lun wen li zu yu dang qian wo guo shui chan yang shi mian lin de wen ti he tiao zhan ,yi ji yu lei xiao fei ren qun de suo ke neng mian lin de jian kang yin huan ,jiao wei quan mian er shen ru de chan ming huan jing wu ran wu dui yu lei dai xie xing ji bing he ren lei jian kang de ying xiang ,wei zhun que ping jia dang qian de huan jing jian kang yu shui chan pin pin zhi di gong ji chu shu ju 。tong shi ,ben yan jiu shou ci zhui zong hai xiang EDCstong guo si liao yu you ,chuan di zhi yang shi yu ti ,zui zhong jin ru ren ti zhe yi chuan shu lu jing 。wei bao zhang shui chan pin de lu se an quan ,bing di gao yu lei xiao fei ren qun de shen ti jian kang su zhi di gong chong yao de can kao yi ju 。
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