本文主要研究内容
作者李学凯(2019)在《肥料对细颗粒泥沙絮凝沉降的影响》一文中研究指出:细粒泥沙由于具有特殊的电化学性质,因此在水中易发生絮凝作用形成絮团从而更易沉降下来。河口或海岸等咸淡交界地区泥沙絮凝是常见现象,在该区域的研究也较多,目前已有大量学者用各种方法研究了海水中常见电解质如NaCl、MgCl2等对长江口和黄河口等河口细颗粒泥沙絮凝沉降的影响,而有关灌溉中常用的肥料中含有的电解质对于黄河流域灌溉区域细粒泥沙絮凝沉降影响的研究目前相对较少,但以往研究表明在淡水中细颗粒泥沙也会产生絮凝现象。黄河是高含沙河流,且黏性细颗粒泥沙较多,引用黄河水滴灌工程中灌溉水体经过严格过滤后仍有大量粒径小于0.01mm的泥沙进入灌溉系统。随着水肥一体化技术的应用和推广,在灌溉水中施加水溶性肥料及液体肥会对黄河水中细粒泥沙絮凝、沉降产生影响,进而影响泥沙在灌溉管网中的输移和淤积、滴头堵塞及灌溉系统的运行,增加过滤设备成本和滴灌带投资费用。因此,亟待探明水肥一体化滴灌过程中,水溶性肥对黄河水泥沙絮凝和沉降的影响,为进一步研究滴头堵塞机理提供理论解释、理论依据,以及为制定合理的滴灌系统管理方案提供技术依据。本研究通过静水试验和动水试验,设置不同硫酸钾浓度、4种初始粒径范围泥沙(<100,50100,3450,<34μm)、不同尿素浓度、不同沉降筒转速,研究了不同肥料类型和肥料浓度对泥沙沉降过程、泥沙沉降后中值粒径、紊动水流中泥沙沉降过程的影响,为指导引黄灌区以高含沙水源使用水肥一体化技术进行滴灌灌溉提供理论参考。得出以下主要结论:(1)硫酸钾促进了细颗粒泥沙絮凝沉降。硫酸钾显著促进泥沙浓度的下降,且随着硫酸钾浓度的增加,相对泥沙浓度的下降幅度、中值沉降速度和沉降后中值粒径也随之增大;但当硫酸钾浓度超过一定范围以后,随着硫酸钾浓度的增加,相对泥沙浓度的下降幅度、中值沉降速度和絮凝后中值粒径的增加不再呈明显增加的趋势。(2)初始泥沙颗粒越细,沉降后泥沙粒径变化受硫酸钾的影响越大。硫酸钾对粒径为<34μm的泥沙絮凝沉降的影响最大,对于粒径为50100μm的影响最小,对粒径为3450μm的影响居中。硫酸钾会使沉降后的小颗粒泥沙相对含量减少,大颗粒或粗颗粒泥沙相对含量增加。(3)尿素对泥沙沉降过程和沉降后泥沙中值粒径没有显著影响。当泥沙浓度为10g/L时,泥沙沉降过程、泥沙絮凝后中值粒径大小并未随尿素浓度的变化而呈现出明显规律。(4)对于细粒泥沙,低速水流在沉降初期对泥沙颗粒的絮凝沉降有微弱的促进作用,但一定时间后,低速水流的促进作用越来越微弱甚至产生抑制作用,高速水流则始终阻碍泥沙沉降。硫酸钾对于水流的阻碍作用也有部分消减效应,具体消减程度根据硫酸钾浓度和水流流速的相对大小而变化。
Abstract
xi li ni sha you yu ju you te shu de dian hua xue xing zhi ,yin ci zai shui zhong yi fa sheng xu ning zuo yong xing cheng xu tuan cong er geng yi chen jiang xia lai 。he kou huo hai an deng xian dan jiao jie de ou ni sha xu ning shi chang jian xian xiang ,zai gai ou yu de yan jiu ye jiao duo ,mu qian yi you da liang xue zhe yong ge chong fang fa yan jiu le hai shui zhong chang jian dian jie zhi ru NaCl、MgCl2deng dui chang jiang kou he huang he kou deng he kou xi ke li ni sha xu ning chen jiang de ying xiang ,er you guan guan gai zhong chang yong de fei liao zhong han you de dian jie zhi dui yu huang he liu yu guan gai ou yu xi li ni sha xu ning chen jiang ying xiang de yan jiu mu qian xiang dui jiao shao ,dan yi wang yan jiu biao ming zai dan shui zhong xi ke li ni sha ye hui chan sheng xu ning xian xiang 。huang he shi gao han sha he liu ,ju nian xing xi ke li ni sha jiao duo ,yin yong huang he shui di guan gong cheng zhong guan gai shui ti jing guo yan ge guo lv hou reng you da liang li jing xiao yu 0.01mmde ni sha jin ru guan gai ji tong 。sui zhao shui fei yi ti hua ji shu de ying yong he tui an ,zai guan gai shui zhong shi jia shui rong xing fei liao ji ye ti fei hui dui huang he shui zhong xi li ni sha xu ning 、chen jiang chan sheng ying xiang ,jin er ying xiang ni sha zai guan gai guan wang zhong de shu yi he yu ji 、di tou du sai ji guan gai ji tong de yun hang ,zeng jia guo lv she bei cheng ben he di guan dai tou zi fei yong 。yin ci ,ji dai tan ming shui fei yi ti hua di guan guo cheng zhong ,shui rong xing fei dui huang he shui ni sha xu ning he chen jiang de ying xiang ,wei jin yi bu yan jiu di tou du sai ji li di gong li lun jie shi 、li lun yi ju ,yi ji wei zhi ding ge li de di guan ji tong guan li fang an di gong ji shu yi ju 。ben yan jiu tong guo jing shui shi yan he dong shui shi yan ,she zhi bu tong liu suan jia nong du 、4chong chu shi li jing fan wei ni sha (<100,50100,3450,<34μm)、bu tong niao su nong du 、bu tong chen jiang tong zhuai su ,yan jiu le bu tong fei liao lei xing he fei liao nong du dui ni sha chen jiang guo cheng 、ni sha chen jiang hou zhong zhi li jing 、wen dong shui liu zhong ni sha chen jiang guo cheng de ying xiang ,wei zhi dao yin huang guan ou yi gao han sha shui yuan shi yong shui fei yi ti hua ji shu jin hang di guan guan gai di gong li lun can kao 。de chu yi xia zhu yao jie lun :(1)liu suan jia cu jin le xi ke li ni sha xu ning chen jiang 。liu suan jia xian zhe cu jin ni sha nong du de xia jiang ,ju sui zhao liu suan jia nong du de zeng jia ,xiang dui ni sha nong du de xia jiang fu du 、zhong zhi chen jiang su du he chen jiang hou zhong zhi li jing ye sui zhi zeng da ;dan dang liu suan jia nong du chao guo yi ding fan wei yi hou ,sui zhao liu suan jia nong du de zeng jia ,xiang dui ni sha nong du de xia jiang fu du 、zhong zhi chen jiang su du he xu ning hou zhong zhi li jing de zeng jia bu zai cheng ming xian zeng jia de qu shi 。(2)chu shi ni sha ke li yue xi ,chen jiang hou ni sha li jing bian hua shou liu suan jia de ying xiang yue da 。liu suan jia dui li jing wei <34μmde ni sha xu ning chen jiang de ying xiang zui da ,dui yu li jing wei 50100μmde ying xiang zui xiao ,dui li jing wei 3450μmde ying xiang ju zhong 。liu suan jia hui shi chen jiang hou de xiao ke li ni sha xiang dui han liang jian shao ,da ke li huo cu ke li ni sha xiang dui han liang zeng jia 。(3)niao su dui ni sha chen jiang guo cheng he chen jiang hou ni sha zhong zhi li jing mei you xian zhe ying xiang 。dang ni sha nong du wei 10g/Lshi ,ni sha chen jiang guo cheng 、ni sha xu ning hou zhong zhi li jing da xiao bing wei sui niao su nong du de bian hua er cheng xian chu ming xian gui lv 。(4)dui yu xi li ni sha ,di su shui liu zai chen jiang chu ji dui ni sha ke li de xu ning chen jiang you wei ruo de cu jin zuo yong ,dan yi ding shi jian hou ,di su shui liu de cu jin zuo yong yue lai yue wei ruo shen zhi chan sheng yi zhi zuo yong ,gao su shui liu ze shi zhong zu ai ni sha chen jiang 。liu suan jia dui yu shui liu de zu ai zuo yong ye you bu fen xiao jian xiao ying ,ju ti xiao jian cheng du gen ju liu suan jia nong du he shui liu liu su de xiang dui da xiao er bian hua 。
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