本文主要研究内容
作者赵敬敬（2019）在《三峡库区重庆段饮用水水源地PBDEs和重金属的风险评估》一文中研究指出：研究目的:1.初步了解三峡库区重庆段饮用水水源地PBDEs和重金属的分布特征。2.以PBDEs和重金属为电子制造业特征污染物,分析其与电子制造业的空间相关性。3.对PBDEs和重金属进行生态风险评估和健康风险评估,并提出建议。研究方法:1.以三峡库区重庆段长江沿岸的10个区(县)为研究区域,对研究区域内电子制造企业进行问卷调查。调查问卷内容包括:研究区(县)的电子制造企业的数量、产品种类、投资额和“三废”排放及处理措施等。2.将研究区域所在地表水流域划分为上、中、下游,选择21个生活饮用水集中式供水单位,调查供水单位的基本情况以及水源地防护措施。3.按照《生活饮用水标准检验方法》(GB/T5750-2006)采集水源水、出厂水和沉积物样品。采用气相色谱质谱联用法(GC-MS)检测PBDEs,电感耦合等离子体-质谱法(ICP-MS)检测重金属Hg(汞)、Cr(铬)、Cd(镉)、Pb(铅)、Ni(镍)、As(砷)、Zn(锌)、Cu(铜)、Mn(锰)和Fe(铁)。4.使用EpiData3.1建立数据库;采用ArcGis10.3绘制地图和空间分析;采用Excle和SPSS21.0进行统计描述和统计分析,检验水准为0.05。采用USEPA的健康风险评估模型对人群经饮水途径摄入重金属进行健康风险评估。采用商值法对沉积物中PBDEs进行生态风险评估。采用地积累指数法和潜在生态风险指数法对沉积物中重金属进行生态风险评估。研究结果:1.本研究区域的电子制造业总数量为65家,其中上游地区南岸区和沙坪坝区电子制造企业较为集中,数量和投资额最多,占比分别为81.54%和93.02%。26家典型电子制造企业中,存在废渣、废水和废气的企业数量分别为17、5和14家。2.21家供水单位均有卫生许可证,水处理工艺主要包括预处理、絮凝、沉淀、过滤和消毒。部分水源地存在污染状况。3.21个集中式供水单位的水源水和出厂水中31种PBDEs均未检出。沉积物中PBDEs的浓度范围ND～15.66 ng/g,沉积物中PBDEs的检出率为45%。4.21个集中式供水单位的水源水中Ni和Fe的超标率分别为4.76%和19.05%,其他8种重金属均未超标。出厂水中10种重金属均未超标。沉积物中Hg、Cr、Cd、Pb和Ni的平均含量分别为0.09、65.77、0.83、34.31和29.51 mg/kg,超标率分别为14.29%、14.29%、80.95%、33.33%和23.81%;空间上,5种重金属污染程度总体上从上游向下游逐渐降低。5.重金属Hg、Cr、Cd、Pb和Ni在0.01水平上彼此显著相关。PBDEs与5种重金属均不存在明显相关性。重金属Hg、Cr、Cd、Pb、Ni在第一主成分上有较高的载荷,PBDEs在第二主成分上有较高的载荷。6.出厂水中PBDEs饮水途径健康风险较低。出厂水中重金属总致癌风险值为2.26×10-6～3.28×10-5/年,其平均值为1.10×10-5/年,非致癌物质的总风险值为1.10×10-2～1.44×10-1,其平均值为3.47×10-2。7.水源地沉积物中PBDEs的总风险商值(Q)小于1,其中Penta-BDEs的风险商值远远高于Octa-BDEs和Deca-BDEs。8.沉积物中重金属的生态风险总体上处于中等生态危害程度。从地积累指数看,重金属污染程度顺序为Cd>Ni>Pb>Cr>Hg;从单因子潜在生态风险指数看,重金属的生态风险顺序为:Cd>Hg>Pb>Ni>Cr。Cd和Hg在总生态风险中的贡献最高。空间上,重金属生态风险水平从上游向下游逐渐降低。研究结论:1.三峡库区重庆段水源水和出厂水中PBDEs的污染程度较低,而水源地沉积物受到PBDEs的污染,主要优势污染物为BDE-62、BDE-66和BDE-209。PBDEs经饮水途径的健康风险较低,沉积物中PBDEs总生态风险相对较低,但鉴于Penta-BDEs的生态风险商值接近0.1,应加强本区域Penta-BDEs的监测。2.三峡库区重庆段出厂水中重金属的污染程度较低,而水源水和沉积物中重金属的污染程度相对较高。出厂水中致癌物Cr、Cd、As和非致癌物Hg、Pb、Ni、Zn、Cu、Mn、Fe经饮水途径的健康风险整体上处于可接受范围,但是应加强出厂水中As和Pb的监测。沉积物中重金属的总生态风险处于中等水平,Cd和Hg是沉积物中的需要优先控制的污染物。3.在空间分布上,水源地沉积物中PBDEs和重金属的污染程度与电子制造业分布一致,电子制造业数量密集的区域污染程度相对较重。
Abstract
yan jiu mu de :1.chu bu le jie san xia ku ou chong qing duan yin yong shui shui yuan de PBDEshe chong jin shu de fen bu te zheng 。2.yi PBDEshe chong jin shu wei dian zi zhi zao ye te zheng wu ran wu ,fen xi ji yu dian zi zhi zao ye de kong jian xiang guan xing 。3.dui PBDEshe chong jin shu jin hang sheng tai feng xian ping gu he jian kang feng xian ping gu ,bing di chu jian yi 。yan jiu fang fa :1.yi san xia ku ou chong qing duan chang jiang yan an de 10ge ou (xian )wei yan jiu ou yu ,dui yan jiu ou yu nei dian zi zhi zao qi ye jin hang wen juan diao cha 。diao cha wen juan nei rong bao gua :yan jiu ou (xian )de dian zi zhi zao qi ye de shu liang 、chan pin chong lei 、tou zi e he “san fei ”pai fang ji chu li cuo shi deng 。2.jiang yan jiu ou yu suo zai de biao shui liu yu hua fen wei shang 、zhong 、xia you ,shua ze 21ge sheng huo yin yong shui ji zhong shi gong shui chan wei ,diao cha gong shui chan wei de ji ben qing kuang yi ji shui yuan de fang hu cuo shi 。3.an zhao 《sheng huo yin yong shui biao zhun jian yan fang fa 》(GB/T5750-2006)cai ji shui yuan shui 、chu an shui he chen ji wu yang pin 。cai yong qi xiang se pu zhi pu lian yong fa (GC-MS)jian ce PBDEs,dian gan ou ge deng li zi ti -zhi pu fa (ICP-MS)jian ce chong jin shu Hg(gong )、Cr(ge )、Cd(ge )、Pb(qian )、Ni(nie )、As(shen )、Zn(xin )、Cu(tong )、Mn(meng )he Fe(tie )。4.shi yong EpiData3.1jian li shu ju ku ;cai yong ArcGis10.3hui zhi de tu he kong jian fen xi ;cai yong Exclehe SPSS21.0jin hang tong ji miao shu he tong ji fen xi ,jian yan shui zhun wei 0.05。cai yong USEPAde jian kang feng xian ping gu mo xing dui ren qun jing yin shui tu jing she ru chong jin shu jin hang jian kang feng xian ping gu 。cai yong shang zhi fa dui chen ji wu zhong PBDEsjin hang sheng tai feng xian ping gu 。cai yong de ji lei zhi shu fa he qian zai sheng tai feng xian zhi shu fa dui chen ji wu zhong chong jin shu jin hang sheng tai feng xian ping gu 。yan jiu jie guo :1.ben yan jiu ou yu de dian zi zhi zao ye zong shu liang wei 65jia ,ji zhong shang you de ou na an ou he sha ping ba ou dian zi zhi zao qi ye jiao wei ji zhong ,shu liang he tou zi e zui duo ,zhan bi fen bie wei 81.54%he 93.02%。26jia dian xing dian zi zhi zao qi ye zhong ,cun zai fei zha 、fei shui he fei qi de qi ye shu liang fen bie wei 17、5he 14jia 。2.21jia gong shui chan wei jun you wei sheng hu ke zheng ,shui chu li gong yi zhu yao bao gua yu chu li 、xu ning 、chen dian 、guo lv he xiao du 。bu fen shui yuan de cun zai wu ran zhuang kuang 。3.21ge ji zhong shi gong shui chan wei de shui yuan shui he chu an shui zhong 31chong PBDEsjun wei jian chu 。chen ji wu zhong PBDEsde nong du fan wei ND～15.66 ng/g,chen ji wu zhong PBDEsde jian chu lv wei 45%。4.21ge ji zhong shi gong shui chan wei de shui yuan shui zhong Nihe Fede chao biao lv fen bie wei 4.76%he 19.05%,ji ta 8chong chong jin shu jun wei chao biao 。chu an shui zhong 10chong chong jin shu jun wei chao biao 。chen ji wu zhong Hg、Cr、Cd、Pbhe Nide ping jun han liang fen bie wei 0.09、65.77、0.83、34.31he 29.51 mg/kg,chao biao lv fen bie wei 14.29%、14.29%、80.95%、33.33%he 23.81%;kong jian shang ,5chong chong jin shu wu ran cheng du zong ti shang cong shang you xiang xia you zhu jian jiang di 。5.chong jin shu Hg、Cr、Cd、Pbhe Nizai 0.01shui ping shang bi ci xian zhe xiang guan 。PBDEsyu 5chong chong jin shu jun bu cun zai ming xian xiang guan xing 。chong jin shu Hg、Cr、Cd、Pb、Nizai di yi zhu cheng fen shang you jiao gao de zai he ,PBDEszai di er zhu cheng fen shang you jiao gao de zai he 。6.chu an shui zhong PBDEsyin shui tu jing jian kang feng xian jiao di 。chu an shui zhong chong jin shu zong zhi ai feng xian zhi wei 2.26×10-6～3.28×10-5/nian ,ji ping jun zhi wei 1.10×10-5/nian ,fei zhi ai wu zhi de zong feng xian zhi wei 1.10×10-2～1.44×10-1,ji ping jun zhi wei 3.47×10-2。7.shui yuan de chen ji wu zhong PBDEsde zong feng xian shang zhi (Q)xiao yu 1,ji zhong Penta-BDEsde feng xian shang zhi yuan yuan gao yu Octa-BDEshe Deca-BDEs。8.chen ji wu zhong chong jin shu de sheng tai feng xian zong ti shang chu yu zhong deng sheng tai wei hai cheng du 。cong de ji lei zhi shu kan ,chong jin shu wu ran cheng du shun xu wei Cd>Ni>Pb>Cr>Hg;cong chan yin zi qian zai sheng tai feng xian zhi shu kan ,chong jin shu de sheng tai feng xian shun xu wei :Cd>Hg>Pb>Ni>Cr。Cdhe Hgzai zong sheng tai feng xian zhong de gong suo zui gao 。kong jian shang ,chong jin shu sheng tai feng xian shui ping cong shang you xiang xia you zhu jian jiang di 。yan jiu jie lun :1.san xia ku ou chong qing duan shui yuan shui he chu an shui zhong PBDEsde wu ran cheng du jiao di ,er shui yuan de chen ji wu shou dao PBDEsde wu ran ,zhu yao you shi wu ran wu wei BDE-62、BDE-66he BDE-209。PBDEsjing yin shui tu jing de jian kang feng xian jiao di ,chen ji wu zhong PBDEszong sheng tai feng xian xiang dui jiao di ,dan jian yu Penta-BDEsde sheng tai feng xian shang zhi jie jin 0.1,ying jia jiang ben ou yu Penta-BDEsde jian ce 。2.san xia ku ou chong qing duan chu an shui zhong chong jin shu de wu ran cheng du jiao di ,er shui yuan shui he chen ji wu zhong chong jin shu de wu ran cheng du xiang dui jiao gao 。chu an shui zhong zhi ai wu Cr、Cd、Ashe fei zhi ai wu Hg、Pb、Ni、Zn、Cu、Mn、Fejing yin shui tu jing de jian kang feng xian zheng ti shang chu yu ke jie shou fan wei ,dan shi ying jia jiang chu an shui zhong Ashe Pbde jian ce 。chen ji wu zhong chong jin shu de zong sheng tai feng xian chu yu zhong deng shui ping ,Cdhe Hgshi chen ji wu zhong de xu yao you xian kong zhi de wu ran wu 。3.zai kong jian fen bu shang ,shui yuan de chen ji wu zhong PBDEshe chong jin shu de wu ran cheng du yu dian zi zhi zao ye fen bu yi zhi ,dian zi zhi zao ye shu liang mi ji de ou yu wu ran cheng du xiang dui jiao chong 。
论文参考文献
论文详细介绍
论文作者分别是来自中国疾病预防控制中心的赵敬敬，发表于刊物中国疾病预防控制中心2019-09-19论文，是一篇关于三峡库区论文,多溴联苯醚论文,重金属论文,健康风险评估论文,生态风险评估论文,中国疾病预防控制中心2019-09-19论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用，各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载，文章观点不代表本站观点，资料来自中国疾病预防控制中心2019-09-19论文网站，若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权，请联系我们删除。
标签：三峡库区论文; 多溴联苯醚论文; 重金属论文; 健康风险评估论文; 生态风险评估论文; 中国疾病预防控制中心2019-09-19论文;