本文主要研究内容
作者杨栋(2019)在《未成年太行山猕猴的玩耍行为研究》一文中研究指出:非人灵长类动物多营社会性集群生活,丰富多样的社会行为是建立和维持复杂社会关系的基础。在有关社会行为的诸多研究中,玩耍行为特征与功能是灵长类行为生态学、社会生态学的研究热点之一。对非人灵长类社会玩耍行为的研究,不仅有助于理解非人灵长类玩耍行为的功能与意义,探究玩耍行为的起源与演化,也有助于理解人类玩耍行为的功能与意义。本研究于2017年9月至2018年9月,在河南太行山国家级自然保护区五龙口地区(N 35°12′49″;E 112°41′25″),以栖息于此的太行山猕猴(Macaca mulatta tcheliensis)为对象,应用扫描取样法和焦点取样法,采集并记录个体性别-年龄、行为状态、玩耍和竞争行为类型等数据,分析太行山猕猴活动时间分配、玩耍行为活动规律及生态影响因素、社会性玩耍行为特征以及社会性玩耍行为与竞争行为之间的关系。主要研究内容和结果如下:1.太行山猕猴的活动时间分配从2017年10月到2018年9月,采用扫描取样法、瞬时记录法,采集并记录栖息于济源五龙口地区的太行山猕猴WLK-1A、WLK-2和WLK-3群个体的行为状态数据,以分析太行山猕猴不同季节和不同性别-年龄组的活动时间分配。结果表明:1)3个太行山猕猴群在4个季节中的活动分配均表现为休息所占比例最高,玩耍行为比例最低;2)夏季休息所占比例略高于其他季节,秋季理毛所占比例略高于其他季节,冬季觅食所占比例略高于其他季节;3)成年雌性的理毛行为所占比例均高于其他性别-年龄组,成年雄性的休息行为所占比例略高于其他性别-年龄组,未成年太行山猕猴(婴幼组、青少年组以及亚成年组)的玩耍行为所占比例显著高于成年个体组(P<0.05)。2.未成年太行山猕猴玩耍行为的活动规律基于前一部分研究所获数据,提取并分析玩耍行为在不同季节的日活动规律,并探究玩耍行为的生态影响因素。研究结果表明,1)虽然不同群未成年个体的玩耍行为的日活动规律表现不同,但WLK-1A群和WLK-3群未成年猕猴的社会性玩耍行为,整体上均表现为在夏季的8:00(WLK-1A:7.72±8.98%;WLK-3:9.18±15.75%)到11:00(WLK-1A:1.86±4.93%;WLK-3:3.33±6.67%)呈减少趋势,而13:00(WLK-1A:1.88±3.77%;WLK-3:0.00%)到16:00(WLK-1A:7.53±9.90%;WLK-3:7.06±13.12%)呈增多趋势,即WLK-1A群和WLK-3群未成年猕猴在夏季时的社会性玩耍主要发生于早晨和傍晚;2)气候因子对太行山猕猴未成年个体的玩耍行为影响较弱,仅WLK-1A群未成年个体表现为非社会性玩耍行为与月均降水量呈弱正相关关系(r=0.56,P=0.058)。3.太行山猕猴的社会玩耍行为于2017年9月到2018年9月,采用焦点动物取样法、连续记录法,采集WLK-1A群猕猴玩耍行为发起者、接受者的年龄信息以及行为类型等数据,分析太行山猕猴社会性玩耍行为的特征和玩耍伙伴的选择。结果表明:1)玩耍行为(r=–0.97,P<0.05)及其社会性玩耍(r=–0.97,P<0.05)和非社会性玩耍(r=–0.94,P<0.05)两种行为类型的频次与年龄间均存在显著的负相关关系,说明随着年龄的增长玩耍行为及其两种类型均呈减少趋势;2)社会性玩耍5种类型在平均每10 hrs内的频次由高到低分别为:追逐式玩耍(61次,31.32%)、抓打式玩耍(50次,25.71%)、撕咬式玩耍(38次,19.96%)、摔跤式玩耍(32次,16.59%)和爬跨式玩耍(12次,6.43%),追逐式玩耍的频次显著大于除抓打式玩耍外的其他玩耍行为类型(P<0.05),说明太行山猕猴的社会性玩耍行为以追逐式玩耍为主,并且存在特殊的玩耍行为―爬跨式玩耍;3)由各年龄组个体发起的社会性玩耍行为中,整体表现为与同龄个体玩耍的频次最高,其中0~2岁龄个体与相同年龄组个体的玩耍频次均显著高于与其他年龄组个体(P<0.05);4)由各年龄组发起的摔跤式玩耍行为中,与相同年龄个体摔跤式玩耍的持续时间略长。综上,本研究结果支持解释玩耍功能的“运动训练假说”。4.未成年太行山猕猴社会玩耍与竞争行为的关系于2017年9月到2018年9月,采用焦点动物取样法、连续记录法,采集WLK-1A群猕猴社会性玩耍行为和竞争行为的发起者、接受者的年龄信息以及行为类型等数据,分析太行山猕猴社会性玩耍行为和竞争行为在不同发育阶段的行为特征以及两者的相关性。结果表明:1)1~3岁龄猕猴的追逐式玩耍行为频次均显著高于撕咬式玩耍(P<0.05),各年龄组的竞争行为类型频次之间虽无显著差异(P>0.05),但3岁龄和4-5岁龄猕猴表现为抓打和追赶频次明显高于咬,说明随着年龄的增长,太行山猕猴未成年个体的社会性玩耍行为类型均主要采取追逐式玩耍,竞争行为逐渐转为主要采用冲突强度较弱的类型;2)随着太行山猕猴未成年个体年龄的增长,社会性玩耍(r=–0.95,P<0.05)及其追逐式玩耍(r=–0.88,P<0.05)、抓打式玩耍(r=–0.96,P<0.05)和撕咬式玩耍(r=–0.94,P<0.05)等3种行为类型的频次均与年龄呈显著负相关,竞争行为(r=0.94,P<0.05)及其行为类型追赶(r=0.93,P<0.05)和抓打(r=0.88,P=0.05)等2种行为类型的频次均与年龄呈显著正相关,而咬频次(r=0.81,P<0.10)与年龄呈正相关趋势;3)社会性玩耍和竞争行为之间呈负相关趋势(ρ=–0.80,P=0.10),且两者之间行为相似的追逐式玩耍和追赶(ρ=–0.80,P=0.10)之间亦呈负相关趋势,抓打式玩耍和抓打(ρ=–0.90,P=0.04)之间呈显著负相关,说明在个体的发育过程中,社会性玩耍行为类型和与之对应的竞争行为类型呈此消彼长的现象,间接支持了“运动训练假说”。本研究在群体水平上,对太行山猕猴玩耍行为规律性及影响因素、玩耍行为特征以及玩耍行为与竞争行为的关系等进行了探讨,发现群体大小和组成影响太行山猕猴玩耍行为的活动规律,气候因素对玩耍行为的影响较弱;玩耍行为主要发生于未成年太行山猕猴,并表现出以追逐式玩耍为主的社会玩耍行为,且社会玩耍行为与竞争行为呈此消彼长的关系;未成年太行山猕猴对玩伴的选择倾向于同龄个体。本研究结果支持解释玩耍功能的“运动训练假说”。
Abstract
fei ren ling chang lei dong wu duo ying she hui xing ji qun sheng huo ,feng fu duo yang de she hui hang wei shi jian li he wei chi fu za she hui guan ji de ji chu 。zai you guan she hui hang wei de zhu duo yan jiu zhong ,wan shua hang wei te zheng yu gong neng shi ling chang lei hang wei sheng tai xue 、she hui sheng tai xue de yan jiu re dian zhi yi 。dui fei ren ling chang lei she hui wan shua hang wei de yan jiu ,bu jin you zhu yu li jie fei ren ling chang lei wan shua hang wei de gong neng yu yi yi ,tan jiu wan shua hang wei de qi yuan yu yan hua ,ye you zhu yu li jie ren lei wan shua hang wei de gong neng yu yi yi 。ben yan jiu yu 2017nian 9yue zhi 2018nian 9yue ,zai he na tai hang shan guo jia ji zi ran bao hu ou wu long kou de ou (N 35°12′49″;E 112°41′25″),yi qi xi yu ci de tai hang shan mi hou (Macaca mulatta tcheliensis)wei dui xiang ,ying yong sao miao qu yang fa he jiao dian qu yang fa ,cai ji bing ji lu ge ti xing bie -nian ling 、hang wei zhuang tai 、wan shua he jing zheng hang wei lei xing deng shu ju ,fen xi tai hang shan mi hou huo dong shi jian fen pei 、wan shua hang wei huo dong gui lv ji sheng tai ying xiang yin su 、she hui xing wan shua hang wei te zheng yi ji she hui xing wan shua hang wei yu jing zheng hang wei zhi jian de guan ji 。zhu yao yan jiu nei rong he jie guo ru xia :1.tai hang shan mi hou de huo dong shi jian fen pei cong 2017nian 10yue dao 2018nian 9yue ,cai yong sao miao qu yang fa 、shun shi ji lu fa ,cai ji bing ji lu qi xi yu ji yuan wu long kou de ou de tai hang shan mi hou WLK-1A、WLK-2he WLK-3qun ge ti de hang wei zhuang tai shu ju ,yi fen xi tai hang shan mi hou bu tong ji jie he bu tong xing bie -nian ling zu de huo dong shi jian fen pei 。jie guo biao ming :1)3ge tai hang shan mi hou qun zai 4ge ji jie zhong de huo dong fen pei jun biao xian wei xiu xi suo zhan bi li zui gao ,wan shua hang wei bi li zui di ;2)xia ji xiu xi suo zhan bi li lve gao yu ji ta ji jie ,qiu ji li mao suo zhan bi li lve gao yu ji ta ji jie ,dong ji mi shi suo zhan bi li lve gao yu ji ta ji jie ;3)cheng nian ci xing de li mao hang wei suo zhan bi li jun gao yu ji ta xing bie -nian ling zu ,cheng nian xiong xing de xiu xi hang wei suo zhan bi li lve gao yu ji ta xing bie -nian ling zu ,wei cheng nian tai hang shan mi hou (ying you zu 、qing shao nian zu yi ji ya cheng nian zu )de wan shua hang wei suo zhan bi li xian zhe gao yu cheng nian ge ti zu (P<0.05)。2.wei cheng nian tai hang shan mi hou wan shua hang wei de huo dong gui lv ji yu qian yi bu fen yan jiu suo huo shu ju ,di qu bing fen xi wan shua hang wei zai bu tong ji jie de ri huo dong gui lv ,bing tan jiu wan shua hang wei de sheng tai ying xiang yin su 。yan jiu jie guo biao ming ,1)sui ran bu tong qun wei cheng nian ge ti de wan shua hang wei de ri huo dong gui lv biao xian bu tong ,dan WLK-1Aqun he WLK-3qun wei cheng nian mi hou de she hui xing wan shua hang wei ,zheng ti shang jun biao xian wei zai xia ji de 8:00(WLK-1A:7.72±8.98%;WLK-3:9.18±15.75%)dao 11:00(WLK-1A:1.86±4.93%;WLK-3:3.33±6.67%)cheng jian shao qu shi ,er 13:00(WLK-1A:1.88±3.77%;WLK-3:0.00%)dao 16:00(WLK-1A:7.53±9.90%;WLK-3:7.06±13.12%)cheng zeng duo qu shi ,ji WLK-1Aqun he WLK-3qun wei cheng nian mi hou zai xia ji shi de she hui xing wan shua zhu yao fa sheng yu zao chen he bang wan ;2)qi hou yin zi dui tai hang shan mi hou wei cheng nian ge ti de wan shua hang wei ying xiang jiao ruo ,jin WLK-1Aqun wei cheng nian ge ti biao xian wei fei she hui xing wan shua hang wei yu yue jun jiang shui liang cheng ruo zheng xiang guan guan ji (r=0.56,P=0.058)。3.tai hang shan mi hou de she hui wan shua hang wei yu 2017nian 9yue dao 2018nian 9yue ,cai yong jiao dian dong wu qu yang fa 、lian xu ji lu fa ,cai ji WLK-1Aqun mi hou wan shua hang wei fa qi zhe 、jie shou zhe de nian ling xin xi yi ji hang wei lei xing deng shu ju ,fen xi tai hang shan mi hou she hui xing wan shua hang wei de te zheng he wan shua huo ban de shua ze 。jie guo biao ming :1)wan shua hang wei (r=–0.97,P<0.05)ji ji she hui xing wan shua (r=–0.97,P<0.05)he fei she hui xing wan shua (r=–0.94,P<0.05)liang chong hang wei lei xing de pin ci yu nian ling jian jun cun zai xian zhe de fu xiang guan guan ji ,shui ming sui zhao nian ling de zeng chang wan shua hang wei ji ji liang chong lei xing jun cheng jian shao qu shi ;2)she hui xing wan shua 5chong lei xing zai ping jun mei 10 hrsnei de pin ci you gao dao di fen bie wei :zhui zhu shi wan shua (61ci ,31.32%)、zhua da shi wan shua (50ci ,25.71%)、si yao shi wan shua (38ci ,19.96%)、shuai jiao shi wan shua (32ci ,16.59%)he pa kua shi wan shua (12ci ,6.43%),zhui zhu shi wan shua de pin ci xian zhe da yu chu zhua da shi wan shua wai de ji ta wan shua hang wei lei xing (P<0.05),shui ming tai hang shan mi hou de she hui xing wan shua hang wei yi zhui zhu shi wan shua wei zhu ,bing ju cun zai te shu de wan shua hang wei ―pa kua shi wan shua ;3)you ge nian ling zu ge ti fa qi de she hui xing wan shua hang wei zhong ,zheng ti biao xian wei yu tong ling ge ti wan shua de pin ci zui gao ,ji zhong 0~2sui ling ge ti yu xiang tong nian ling zu ge ti de wan shua pin ci jun xian zhe gao yu yu ji ta nian ling zu ge ti (P<0.05);4)you ge nian ling zu fa qi de shuai jiao shi wan shua hang wei zhong ,yu xiang tong nian ling ge ti shuai jiao shi wan shua de chi xu shi jian lve chang 。zeng shang ,ben yan jiu jie guo zhi chi jie shi wan shua gong neng de “yun dong xun lian jia shui ”。4.wei cheng nian tai hang shan mi hou she hui wan shua yu jing zheng hang wei de guan ji yu 2017nian 9yue dao 2018nian 9yue ,cai yong jiao dian dong wu qu yang fa 、lian xu ji lu fa ,cai ji WLK-1Aqun mi hou she hui xing wan shua hang wei he jing zheng hang wei de fa qi zhe 、jie shou zhe de nian ling xin xi yi ji hang wei lei xing deng shu ju ,fen xi tai hang shan mi hou she hui xing wan shua hang wei he jing zheng hang wei zai bu tong fa yo jie duan de hang wei te zheng yi ji liang zhe de xiang guan xing 。jie guo biao ming :1)1~3sui ling mi hou de zhui zhu shi wan shua hang wei pin ci jun xian zhe gao yu si yao shi wan shua (P<0.05),ge nian ling zu de jing zheng hang wei lei xing pin ci zhi jian sui mo xian zhe cha yi (P>0.05),dan 3sui ling he 4-5sui ling mi hou biao xian wei zhua da he zhui gan pin ci ming xian gao yu yao ,shui ming sui zhao nian ling de zeng chang ,tai hang shan mi hou wei cheng nian ge ti de she hui xing wan shua hang wei lei xing jun zhu yao cai qu zhui zhu shi wan shua ,jing zheng hang wei zhu jian zhuai wei zhu yao cai yong chong tu jiang du jiao ruo de lei xing ;2)sui zhao tai hang shan mi hou wei cheng nian ge ti nian ling de zeng chang ,she hui xing wan shua (r=–0.95,P<0.05)ji ji zhui zhu shi wan shua (r=–0.88,P<0.05)、zhua da shi wan shua (r=–0.96,P<0.05)he si yao shi wan shua (r=–0.94,P<0.05)deng 3chong hang wei lei xing de pin ci jun yu nian ling cheng xian zhe fu xiang guan ,jing zheng hang wei (r=0.94,P<0.05)ji ji hang wei lei xing zhui gan (r=0.93,P<0.05)he zhua da (r=0.88,P=0.05)deng 2chong hang wei lei xing de pin ci jun yu nian ling cheng xian zhe zheng xiang guan ,er yao pin ci (r=0.81,P<0.10)yu nian ling cheng zheng xiang guan qu shi ;3)she hui xing wan shua he jing zheng hang wei zhi jian cheng fu xiang guan qu shi (ρ=–0.80,P=0.10),ju liang zhe zhi jian hang wei xiang shi de zhui zhu shi wan shua he zhui gan (ρ=–0.80,P=0.10)zhi jian yi cheng fu xiang guan qu shi ,zhua da shi wan shua he zhua da (ρ=–0.90,P=0.04)zhi jian cheng xian zhe fu xiang guan ,shui ming zai ge ti de fa yo guo cheng zhong ,she hui xing wan shua hang wei lei xing he yu zhi dui ying de jing zheng hang wei lei xing cheng ci xiao bi chang de xian xiang ,jian jie zhi chi le “yun dong xun lian jia shui ”。ben yan jiu zai qun ti shui ping shang ,dui tai hang shan mi hou wan shua hang wei gui lv xing ji ying xiang yin su 、wan shua hang wei te zheng yi ji wan shua hang wei yu jing zheng hang wei de guan ji deng jin hang le tan tao ,fa xian qun ti da xiao he zu cheng ying xiang tai hang shan mi hou wan shua hang wei de huo dong gui lv ,qi hou yin su dui wan shua hang wei de ying xiang jiao ruo ;wan shua hang wei zhu yao fa sheng yu wei cheng nian tai hang shan mi hou ,bing biao xian chu yi zhui zhu shi wan shua wei zhu de she hui wan shua hang wei ,ju she hui wan shua hang wei yu jing zheng hang wei cheng ci xiao bi chang de guan ji ;wei cheng nian tai hang shan mi hou dui wan ban de shua ze qing xiang yu tong ling ge ti 。ben yan jiu jie guo zhi chi jie shi wan shua gong neng de “yun dong xun lian jia shui ”。
论文参考文献
论文详细介绍
论文作者分别是来自郑州大学的杨栋,发表于刊物郑州大学2019-07-03论文,是一篇关于太行山猕猴论文,活动时间分配论文,玩耍行为论文,运动训练假说论文,竞争行为论文,郑州大学2019-07-03论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用,各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载,文章观点不代表本站观点,资料来自郑州大学2019-07-03论文网站,若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权,请联系我们删除。
标签:太行山猕猴论文; 活动时间分配论文; 玩耍行为论文; 运动训练假说论文; 竞争行为论文; 郑州大学2019-07-03论文;