本文主要研究内容
作者李洋（2019）在《筑坝河流鱼类产卵生态流量研究——以锦屏大河湾为例》一文中研究指出：水利水电工程在能源、防洪、农业灌溉和航道运输等方面发挥了巨大的作用,同时对河流生物栖息地产生了长期性、累积性和潜在性的影响。特别是位于梯级水电开发前中段的引水型水电站,极大地改变了河段的天然水文情势,在闸址与厂房之间形成的减(脱)水河段,对河流栖息地产生了一系列的伴随效应和阻隔效应。作为重要栖息地之一的鱼类产卵场,受水文情势变动和河流连通性降低等多方面的影响,呈现出迁移、破碎化甚至消失的现象。因此,如何科学地制定生态流量下泄方案满足鱼类产卵水文过程需求是当前生态流量研究的热点。然而,缺乏鱼种繁殖习性与水文水动力学条件动态响应关系研究,成为制约科学性制定生态流量下泄方案的重要原因之一。本研究以锦屏大河湾减水河段为研究对象,采用原位观测、统计分析和数值模拟等手段,研究鱼类产卵行为、环境因子适宜度曲线和产卵场生境恢复的生态水文过程表征指标,在此基础上提出了鱼类产卵的生态流量确定技术方法。主要内容如下:(1)构建了坝下鱼类产卵生态流量过程线技术框架。基于鱼类产卵与水文过程关键指标之间响应关系缺乏系统研究的现状,本章结合前人研究成果,详细分析了鱼类产卵不同阶段的水文过程需求,在此基础上,提出了坝下鱼类产卵生态流量过程线的概念,构建了“过程线”的理论与技术体系框架。(2)建立了面向鱼类产卵的河流健康评价研究。基于筑坝建库对鱼类产卵行为及产卵场生境的综合作用机制研究,建立了评估坝下鱼类产卵的健康指标体系。首先,从水文情势、水动力条件、水质、河流地形地貌和水生生物(鱼类饵料)五个方面,分析了筑坝建库对鱼类产卵行为和产卵场生境造成的直接、间接和累积影响等多重影响机制;其次,构建了面向鱼类产卵的河流健康评价指标体系,分为6大类共21项指标并确定了各个参数的评价标准和定性或定量评价方法;再次,采用上述指标体系对锦屏大河湾减水河段的圆口铜鱼和裂腹鱼产卵生境开展了评价。评价结果认为恢复水文过程是改善鱼类产卵生境的重要手段之一。(3)针对锦屏大河湾下泄流量存在的现实问题,基于IFIM法原理,筛选出锦屏大河湾目标保护鱼类——圆口铜鱼和裂腹鱼类。通过模拟筛选出目标鱼类繁殖期代表性水文过程,开展目标鱼类产卵的环境因子(水温、流速、水深和底质)适宜度曲线研究,进而利用River2D计算得出锦屏大河湾圆口铜鱼和裂腹鱼类产卵的适宜生态流量峰值(圆口铜鱼为1220 m3/s,裂腹鱼类为432 m3/s),为后续的生态流量过程线研究提供支持。针对山区河流鱼类产卵保护生态流量研究需求和河流地形调查困难的现实矛盾,基于R2CROSS法,调整相关参数为水位上涨率、流速和相对湿周百分比,进行了参数标准修订,并应用于锦屏大河湾圆口铜鱼产卵期生态流量峰值阈值底限研究(298m3/s),利用传统水文学方法Tennant法和River2D数值模拟对生态流量结果进行验证。(4)开展了鱼类产卵生态流量过程线技术研究,构建了鱼类产卵生态水文指标集。基于不同繁殖种类鱼类的生态流量需求,开展了鱼类产卵保护的生态流量过程线研究,提出了“过程线”研究的原则和流程,改进了鱼类产卵保护水文指标集。“过程线”形成技术的步骤主要包括:1)目标鱼类筛选,2)目标鱼类产卵适宜性条件研究,3)产卵生态水文指标集参数确定,4)单目标生态流量过程线的绘制,5)多目标生态流量过程线的拟合。其中,鱼类产卵生态水文指标集的指标主要包括:流量脉冲峰值流量、峰值持续天数、涨水初始日期、涨水发生的日内时间、流量脉冲发生次数、日流量上涨率、涨水持续天数、流量脉冲过程持续天数、流量脉冲结束流量和流量脉冲结束流量持续天数,共10项指标,并结合鱼类繁殖生态学,给出了各指标的生态学意义和确定方法。(5)研究确定了锦屏大河湾圆口铜鱼和裂腹鱼类的生态水文指标集参数,设定了面向鱼类产卵的生态流量过程;在此基础上,提出了鱼类产卵生境修复的主要方向和措施,包括:1)合理调节水温,保证鱼类性腺成熟和产卵时间;2)确定合理的生态流量的下泄时间和生态流量过程的结束流量值及其持续天数,保证漂流性卵的所需的流速和漂程;3)加大潜在鱼类产卵场的保护和人为改造力度。
Abstract
shui li shui dian gong cheng zai neng yuan 、fang hong 、nong ye guan gai he hang dao yun shu deng fang mian fa hui le ju da de zuo yong ,tong shi dui he liu sheng wu qi xi de chan sheng le chang ji xing 、lei ji xing he qian zai xing de ying xiang 。te bie shi wei yu ti ji shui dian kai fa qian zhong duan de yin shui xing shui dian zhan ,ji da de gai bian le he duan de tian ran shui wen qing shi ,zai zha zhi yu an fang zhi jian xing cheng de jian (tuo )shui he duan ,dui he liu qi xi de chan sheng le yi ji lie de ban sui xiao ying he zu ge xiao ying 。zuo wei chong yao qi xi de zhi yi de yu lei chan luan chang ,shou shui wen qing shi bian dong he he liu lian tong xing jiang di deng duo fang mian de ying xiang ,cheng xian chu qian yi 、po sui hua shen zhi xiao shi de xian xiang 。yin ci ,ru he ke xue de zhi ding sheng tai liu liang xia xie fang an man zu yu lei chan luan shui wen guo cheng xu qiu shi dang qian sheng tai liu liang yan jiu de re dian 。ran er ,que fa yu chong fan shi xi xing yu shui wen shui dong li xue tiao jian dong tai xiang ying guan ji yan jiu ,cheng wei zhi yao ke xue xing zhi ding sheng tai liu liang xia xie fang an de chong yao yuan yin zhi yi 。ben yan jiu yi jin bing da he wan jian shui he duan wei yan jiu dui xiang ,cai yong yuan wei guan ce 、tong ji fen xi he shu zhi mo ni deng shou duan ,yan jiu yu lei chan luan hang wei 、huan jing yin zi kuo yi du qu xian he chan luan chang sheng jing hui fu de sheng tai shui wen guo cheng biao zheng zhi biao ,zai ci ji chu shang di chu le yu lei chan luan de sheng tai liu liang que ding ji shu fang fa 。zhu yao nei rong ru xia :(1)gou jian le ba xia yu lei chan luan sheng tai liu liang guo cheng xian ji shu kuang jia 。ji yu yu lei chan luan yu shui wen guo cheng guan jian zhi biao zhi jian xiang ying guan ji que fa ji tong yan jiu de xian zhuang ,ben zhang jie ge qian ren yan jiu cheng guo ,xiang xi fen xi le yu lei chan luan bu tong jie duan de shui wen guo cheng xu qiu ,zai ci ji chu shang ,di chu le ba xia yu lei chan luan sheng tai liu liang guo cheng xian de gai nian ,gou jian le “guo cheng xian ”de li lun yu ji shu ti ji kuang jia 。(2)jian li le mian xiang yu lei chan luan de he liu jian kang ping jia yan jiu 。ji yu zhu ba jian ku dui yu lei chan luan hang wei ji chan luan chang sheng jing de zeng ge zuo yong ji zhi yan jiu ,jian li le ping gu ba xia yu lei chan luan de jian kang zhi biao ti ji 。shou xian ,cong shui wen qing shi 、shui dong li tiao jian 、shui zhi 、he liu de xing de mao he shui sheng sheng wu (yu lei er liao )wu ge fang mian ,fen xi le zhu ba jian ku dui yu lei chan luan hang wei he chan luan chang sheng jing zao cheng de zhi jie 、jian jie he lei ji ying xiang deng duo chong ying xiang ji zhi ;ji ci ,gou jian le mian xiang yu lei chan luan de he liu jian kang ping jia zhi biao ti ji ,fen wei 6da lei gong 21xiang zhi biao bing que ding le ge ge can shu de ping jia biao zhun he ding xing huo ding liang ping jia fang fa ;zai ci ,cai yong shang shu zhi biao ti ji dui jin bing da he wan jian shui he duan de yuan kou tong yu he lie fu yu chan luan sheng jing kai zhan le ping jia 。ping jia jie guo ren wei hui fu shui wen guo cheng shi gai shan yu lei chan luan sheng jing de chong yao shou duan zhi yi 。(3)zhen dui jin bing da he wan xia xie liu liang cun zai de xian shi wen ti ,ji yu IFIMfa yuan li ,shai shua chu jin bing da he wan mu biao bao hu yu lei ——yuan kou tong yu he lie fu yu lei 。tong guo mo ni shai shua chu mu biao yu lei fan shi ji dai biao xing shui wen guo cheng ,kai zhan mu biao yu lei chan luan de huan jing yin zi (shui wen 、liu su 、shui shen he de zhi )kuo yi du qu xian yan jiu ,jin er li yong River2Dji suan de chu jin bing da he wan yuan kou tong yu he lie fu yu lei chan luan de kuo yi sheng tai liu liang feng zhi (yuan kou tong yu wei 1220 m3/s,lie fu yu lei wei 432 m3/s),wei hou xu de sheng tai liu liang guo cheng xian yan jiu di gong zhi chi 。zhen dui shan ou he liu yu lei chan luan bao hu sheng tai liu liang yan jiu xu qiu he he liu de xing diao cha kun nan de xian shi mao dun ,ji yu R2CROSSfa ,diao zheng xiang guan can shu wei shui wei shang zhang lv 、liu su he xiang dui shi zhou bai fen bi ,jin hang le can shu biao zhun xiu ding ,bing ying yong yu jin bing da he wan yuan kou tong yu chan luan ji sheng tai liu liang feng zhi yu zhi de xian yan jiu (298m3/s),li yong chuan tong shui wen xue fang fa Tennantfa he River2Dshu zhi mo ni dui sheng tai liu liang jie guo jin hang yan zheng 。(4)kai zhan le yu lei chan luan sheng tai liu liang guo cheng xian ji shu yan jiu ,gou jian le yu lei chan luan sheng tai shui wen zhi biao ji 。ji yu bu tong fan shi chong lei yu lei de sheng tai liu liang xu qiu ,kai zhan le yu lei chan luan bao hu de sheng tai liu liang guo cheng xian yan jiu ,di chu le “guo cheng xian ”yan jiu de yuan ze he liu cheng ,gai jin le yu lei chan luan bao hu shui wen zhi biao ji 。“guo cheng xian ”xing cheng ji shu de bu zhou zhu yao bao gua :1)mu biao yu lei shai shua ,2)mu biao yu lei chan luan kuo yi xing tiao jian yan jiu ,3)chan luan sheng tai shui wen zhi biao ji can shu que ding ,4)chan mu biao sheng tai liu liang guo cheng xian de hui zhi ,5)duo mu biao sheng tai liu liang guo cheng xian de ni ge 。ji zhong ,yu lei chan luan sheng tai shui wen zhi biao ji de zhi biao zhu yao bao gua :liu liang mai chong feng zhi liu liang 、feng zhi chi xu tian shu 、zhang shui chu shi ri ji 、zhang shui fa sheng de ri nei shi jian 、liu liang mai chong fa sheng ci shu 、ri liu liang shang zhang lv 、zhang shui chi xu tian shu 、liu liang mai chong guo cheng chi xu tian shu 、liu liang mai chong jie shu liu liang he liu liang mai chong jie shu liu liang chi xu tian shu ,gong 10xiang zhi biao ,bing jie ge yu lei fan shi sheng tai xue ,gei chu le ge zhi biao de sheng tai xue yi yi he que ding fang fa 。(5)yan jiu que ding le jin bing da he wan yuan kou tong yu he lie fu yu lei de sheng tai shui wen zhi biao ji can shu ,she ding le mian xiang yu lei chan luan de sheng tai liu liang guo cheng ;zai ci ji chu shang ,di chu le yu lei chan luan sheng jing xiu fu de zhu yao fang xiang he cuo shi ,bao gua :1)ge li diao jie shui wen ,bao zheng yu lei xing xian cheng shou he chan luan shi jian ;2)que ding ge li de sheng tai liu liang de xia xie shi jian he sheng tai liu liang guo cheng de jie shu liu liang zhi ji ji chi xu tian shu ,bao zheng piao liu xing luan de suo xu de liu su he piao cheng ;3)jia da qian zai yu lei chan luan chang de bao hu he ren wei gai zao li du 。
论文参考文献
论文详细介绍
论文作者分别是来自中国水利水电科学研究院的李洋，发表于刊物中国水利水电科学研究院2019-08-05论文，是一篇关于筑坝河流论文,引水式电站论文,适宜度曲线论文,生态流量论文,生态水文指标论文,锦屏大河湾论文,中国水利水电科学研究院2019-08-05论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用，各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载，文章观点不代表本站观点，资料来自中国水利水电科学研究院2019-08-05论文网站，若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权，请联系我们删除。
标签：筑坝河流论文; 引水式电站论文; 适宜度曲线论文; 生态流量论文; 生态水文指标论文; 锦屏大河湾论文; 中国水利水电科学研究院2019-08-05论文;