夏险:类希瓦氏菌WH16-1对铬酸盐和亚硒酸盐的抗性和还原机制论文

夏险:类希瓦氏菌WH16-1对铬酸盐和亚硒酸盐的抗性和还原机制论文

本文主要研究内容

作者夏险(2019)在《类希瓦氏菌WH16-1对铬酸盐和亚硒酸盐的抗性和还原机制》一文中研究指出:铬(Cr)是一种过渡金属,在现代工业中有非常重要的作用,长期的开采和工业的广泛运用造成了环境中的铬污染问题。在自然环境下铬主要以六价[Cr(VI),铬酸盐,重铬酸盐]和三价[Cr(III)]两种形式存在。Cr(VI)有很强的致畸、致癌性,而且溶解性强,容易随水体迁移,而Cr(III)的毒性较低,而且Cr(III)的溶解性低,容易被络合固定。硒是人体必需的微量元素之一,但是过量的硒也会影响人体健康。在自然界中有六价Se(VI)、四价[Se(IV),亚硒酸盐]、零价Se(0)、负二价Se(-II)。其中,Se(IV)的毒性最大,而且溶解性很强;Se(0)则基本无毒,且溶解性低。因此,将Cr(VI)和Se(IV)还原为Cr(III)和Se(0)有很重要的解毒和环境意义。微生物在铬、硒的还原,甚至铬、硒的整个地球化学循环中都起到很重要的作用。将微生物用于铬、硒的污染修复有着价格低廉、可降低二次污染等优点。但是,目前微生物对铬、硒的抗性和还原机制还有待进一步的研究。类希瓦氏菌Alishewanella sp.WH16-1是一株分离自铜铁矿的兼性厌氧细菌。该菌株为革兰氏阴性菌、短杆状、能运动,基因组大小约为3.49 Mb,GC含量为50.4%,有3,132个蛋白质编码序列。其在好氧条件下对多种重(类)金属Cr(VI)、Se(IV)、Cd(II)、Pb(II)、Cu(II)、As(III)都有很强的抗性,而且对Cr(VI)和Se(IV)有很强的还原能力,Cr(VI)和Se(IV)的还原产物分别为Cr(III)和Se(0)的纳米颗粒。此外,该菌对Cd(II)和Pb(II)也有很好的去除能力。通过基因组分析,我们找到了很多重(类)金属抗性相关的基因,与重金属抗性的表型十分吻合。如:多种直接和重(类)金属转运相关的蛋白,潜在的Cr(VI)还原蛋白CsrF。另外,细菌WH16-1为硫酸盐还原菌,基因组分析预测到其有着完整的硫酸盐还原路径,硫酸盐还原产物S2-可以与Cd(II)、Pb(II)分别形成CdS和PbS达到去除的作用。本研究组前期通过Tn5转座子突变的方法,鉴定到了一个潜在的新型Cr(VI)抗性基因cytbd(含CydA和CydB两个亚基的编码基因)。该基因编码细胞色素bd氧化酶Cytchrome bd(Cytbd),Tn5插入序列定位在cydB基因中。本研究分析发现:(1)cydE(编码GbsR家族的调控因子)与cydA和cydB排列在一起,共转录的实验表明这三个基因在一个操纵子上,而且相同的基因排布在Alteromonadaceae科中广泛分布;(2)相比于野生株和互补株(△cytbd-C),突变株(△cytbd)的Cr(VI)抗性和还原能力都有所下降;(3)胞内H2O2含量、H2O2分解、H2O2抑菌圈、H2O2抗性实验表明Cytbd可以分解胞内H2O2;(4)Cr(VI)不能诱导Cytbd的表达,但是硫酸盐可以,而且△cytbd对硫酸盐和其还原产物S2-的抗性也降低了;(5)硫酸盐可以增强WH16-1对Cr(VI)的抗性和还原能力;(6)细菌单杂交和凝胶迁移电泳实验表明CydE可以阻遏Cytbd的转录表达,而硫酸盐可以解除CydE的抑制;(7)DNA足迹和短片段凝胶迁移电泳实验表明CydE在cytbd基因簇的启动子区有两个结合位点。这些结果表明:一方面,Cytbd通过分解胞内的H2O2降低氧化压力来增强Cr(VI)的抗性。另一方面,Cytbd增强细胞对S2-的抗性,S2-可以直接还原Cr(VI),因而Cytbd间接参与Cr(VI)的还原。而且,Cytbd的表达又受到硫酸盐的诱导。这可能是硫酸盐可以促进Cr(VI)的抗性和还原能力的原因之一。为了进一步解析细菌WH16-1对Cr(VI)和Se(IV)的还原机制,我们研究了经基因组分析预测到的csrF基因在Cr(VI)和Se(IV)还原中的功能。通过生物信息学分析,发现CsrF与已经报道的Cr(VI)还原酶的氨基酸相似度达37%。基因敲除、互补和异源超表达的实验结果表明,CsrF在体内既能还原Cr(VI),也能还原Se(IV)。将CsrF表达纯化后,发现该蛋白为黄色而且吸收峰谱与FMN一致,单体的分子量为23,906,二倍体的分子量为47,960。在体外,CsrF可以利用NAD(P)H为电子供体还原Cr(VI)和Se(IV),最适pH为7.0,最适温度为30-37℃。该酶还可以还原SO42-和Fe3+,但是不能还原As(V)和NO3-。对Cr(VI)和Se(IV)的Km分别为250.6±23.46μmol/L和204.1±27.91μmol/L。定点突变的结果表明Arg13和Gly113为CsrF的关键位点。将CsrF的编码基因克隆至大肠杆菌中,提高了大肠杆菌的生物硒(Se(0))纳米的产量。通过透射电镜、元素mapping、扫描电镜、能谱分析、Zeta电位、动态光散射、红外线光谱和X射线光电子能谱分析,发现生物硒纳米的粒径大小为60-105 mm,由Se(0)、蛋白质、脂质等物质组成。进一步的实验表明,生物纳米硒在酸性条件下对阴离子染料(刚果红)有很好的吸附作用,在碱性条件下对阳离子染料(藏红、亚甲基蓝)有很好的吸附作用。吸附动力学、等温吸附线、吸附热力学的分析表明:生物纳米硒对刚果红、藏红、亚甲基蓝的最大吸附能力分别为1,577.7、1,911.0、1,792.2 mg/g,比传统的生物质材料分别高6.8%、25.2%和49%。该吸附过程是自然反应,而且主要为物理反应。吸附后的染料可以被200mmol/L的NaCl解吸附,重复利用性好。综上所述,Alishewanella sp.WH16-1对多种金属具有抗性,对Cr(VI)和Se(IV)具有很好的还原能力,且还原的产物分别为Cr(III)和Se(0)纳米颗粒。本研究系统分析了一个新的Cr(VI)抗性基因cytbd及表达调控机制,cytbd转录表达受CydE阻遏,而且硫酸盐可以解除CydE的阻遏作用。此外,还发现了一个Cr(VI)还原酶CsrF。体内外实验表明:该酶既可以还原Cr(VI)也可以还原Se(IV)。CsrF为首个全面证实的好氧条件下的Se(IV)还原酶。在大肠杆菌中超表达CsrF,可以促进生物纳米硒的形成。提取出的生物纳米硒对有机染料有很好的吸附作用。这是首次报道生物纳米硒对染料有很好的吸附能力。

Abstract

ge (Cr)shi yi chong guo du jin shu ,zai xian dai gong ye zhong you fei chang chong yao de zuo yong ,chang ji de kai cai he gong ye de an fan yun yong zao cheng le huan jing zhong de ge wu ran wen ti 。zai zi ran huan jing xia ge zhu yao yi liu jia [Cr(VI),ge suan yan ,chong ge suan yan ]he san jia [Cr(III)]liang chong xing shi cun zai 。Cr(VI)you hen jiang de zhi ji 、zhi ai xing ,er ju rong jie xing jiang ,rong yi sui shui ti qian yi ,er Cr(III)de du xing jiao di ,er ju Cr(III)de rong jie xing di ,rong yi bei lao ge gu ding 。xi shi ren ti bi xu de wei liang yuan su zhi yi ,dan shi guo liang de xi ye hui ying xiang ren ti jian kang 。zai zi ran jie zhong you liu jia Se(VI)、si jia [Se(IV),ya xi suan yan ]、ling jia Se(0)、fu er jia Se(-II)。ji zhong ,Se(IV)de du xing zui da ,er ju rong jie xing hen jiang ;Se(0)ze ji ben mo du ,ju rong jie xing di 。yin ci ,jiang Cr(VI)he Se(IV)hai yuan wei Cr(III)he Se(0)you hen chong yao de jie du he huan jing yi yi 。wei sheng wu zai ge 、xi de hai yuan ,shen zhi ge 、xi de zheng ge de qiu hua xue xun huan zhong dou qi dao hen chong yao de zuo yong 。jiang wei sheng wu yong yu ge 、xi de wu ran xiu fu you zhao jia ge di lian 、ke jiang di er ci wu ran deng you dian 。dan shi ,mu qian wei sheng wu dui ge 、xi de kang xing he hai yuan ji zhi hai you dai jin yi bu de yan jiu 。lei xi wa shi jun Alishewanella sp.WH16-1shi yi zhu fen li zi tong tie kuang de jian xing ya yang xi jun 。gai jun zhu wei ge lan shi yin xing jun 、duan gan zhuang 、neng yun dong ,ji yin zu da xiao yao wei 3.49 Mb,GChan liang wei 50.4%,you 3,132ge dan bai zhi bian ma xu lie 。ji zai hao yang tiao jian xia dui duo chong chong (lei )jin shu Cr(VI)、Se(IV)、Cd(II)、Pb(II)、Cu(II)、As(III)dou you hen jiang de kang xing ,er ju dui Cr(VI)he Se(IV)you hen jiang de hai yuan neng li ,Cr(VI)he Se(IV)de hai yuan chan wu fen bie wei Cr(III)he Se(0)de na mi ke li 。ci wai ,gai jun dui Cd(II)he Pb(II)ye you hen hao de qu chu neng li 。tong guo ji yin zu fen xi ,wo men zhao dao le hen duo chong (lei )jin shu kang xing xiang guan de ji yin ,yu chong jin shu kang xing de biao xing shi fen wen ge 。ru :duo chong zhi jie he chong (lei )jin shu zhuai yun xiang guan de dan bai ,qian zai de Cr(VI)hai yuan dan bai CsrF。ling wai ,xi jun WH16-1wei liu suan yan hai yuan jun ,ji yin zu fen xi yu ce dao ji you zhao wan zheng de liu suan yan hai yuan lu jing ,liu suan yan hai yuan chan wu S2-ke yi yu Cd(II)、Pb(II)fen bie xing cheng CdShe PbSda dao qu chu de zuo yong 。ben yan jiu zu qian ji tong guo Tn5zhuai zuo zi tu bian de fang fa ,jian ding dao le yi ge qian zai de xin xing Cr(VI)kang xing ji yin cytbd(han CydAhe CydBliang ge ya ji de bian ma ji yin )。gai ji yin bian ma xi bao se su bdyang hua mei Cytchrome bd(Cytbd),Tn5cha ru xu lie ding wei zai cydBji yin zhong 。ben yan jiu fen xi fa xian :(1)cydE(bian ma GbsRjia zu de diao kong yin zi )yu cydAhe cydBpai lie zai yi qi ,gong zhuai lu de shi yan biao ming zhe san ge ji yin zai yi ge cao zong zi shang ,er ju xiang tong de ji yin pai bu zai Alteromonadaceaeke zhong an fan fen bu ;(2)xiang bi yu ye sheng zhu he hu bu zhu (△cytbd-C),tu bian zhu (△cytbd)de Cr(VI)kang xing he hai yuan neng li dou you suo xia jiang ;(3)bao nei H2O2han liang 、H2O2fen jie 、H2O2yi jun juan 、H2O2kang xing shi yan biao ming Cytbdke yi fen jie bao nei H2O2;(4)Cr(VI)bu neng you dao Cytbdde biao da ,dan shi liu suan yan ke yi ,er ju △cytbddui liu suan yan he ji hai yuan chan wu S2-de kang xing ye jiang di le ;(5)liu suan yan ke yi zeng jiang WH16-1dui Cr(VI)de kang xing he hai yuan neng li ;(6)xi jun chan za jiao he ning jiao qian yi dian yong shi yan biao ming CydEke yi zu e Cytbdde zhuai lu biao da ,er liu suan yan ke yi jie chu CydEde yi zhi ;(7)DNAzu ji he duan pian duan ning jiao qian yi dian yong shi yan biao ming CydEzai cytbdji yin cu de qi dong zi ou you liang ge jie ge wei dian 。zhe xie jie guo biao ming :yi fang mian ,Cytbdtong guo fen jie bao nei de H2O2jiang di yang hua ya li lai zeng jiang Cr(VI)de kang xing 。ling yi fang mian ,Cytbdzeng jiang xi bao dui S2-de kang xing ,S2-ke yi zhi jie hai yuan Cr(VI),yin er Cytbdjian jie can yu Cr(VI)de hai yuan 。er ju ,Cytbdde biao da you shou dao liu suan yan de you dao 。zhe ke neng shi liu suan yan ke yi cu jin Cr(VI)de kang xing he hai yuan neng li de yuan yin zhi yi 。wei le jin yi bu jie xi xi jun WH16-1dui Cr(VI)he Se(IV)de hai yuan ji zhi ,wo men yan jiu le jing ji yin zu fen xi yu ce dao de csrFji yin zai Cr(VI)he Se(IV)hai yuan zhong de gong neng 。tong guo sheng wu xin xi xue fen xi ,fa xian CsrFyu yi jing bao dao de Cr(VI)hai yuan mei de an ji suan xiang shi du da 37%。ji yin qiao chu 、hu bu he yi yuan chao biao da de shi yan jie guo biao ming ,CsrFzai ti nei ji neng hai yuan Cr(VI),ye neng hai yuan Se(IV)。jiang CsrFbiao da chun hua hou ,fa xian gai dan bai wei huang se er ju xi shou feng pu yu FMNyi zhi ,chan ti de fen zi liang wei 23,906,er bei ti de fen zi liang wei 47,960。zai ti wai ,CsrFke yi li yong NAD(P)Hwei dian zi gong ti hai yuan Cr(VI)he Se(IV),zui kuo pHwei 7.0,zui kuo wen du wei 30-37℃。gai mei hai ke yi hai yuan SO42-he Fe3+,dan shi bu neng hai yuan As(V)he NO3-。dui Cr(VI)he Se(IV)de Kmfen bie wei 250.6±23.46μmol/Lhe 204.1±27.91μmol/L。ding dian tu bian de jie guo biao ming Arg13he Gly113wei CsrFde guan jian wei dian 。jiang CsrFde bian ma ji yin ke long zhi da chang gan jun zhong ,di gao le da chang gan jun de sheng wu xi (Se(0))na mi de chan liang 。tong guo tou she dian jing 、yuan su mapping、sao miao dian jing 、neng pu fen xi 、Zetadian wei 、dong tai guang san she 、gong wai xian guang pu he Xshe xian guang dian zi neng pu fen xi ,fa xian sheng wu xi na mi de li jing da xiao wei 60-105 mm,you Se(0)、dan bai zhi 、zhi zhi deng wu zhi zu cheng 。jin yi bu de shi yan biao ming ,sheng wu na mi xi zai suan xing tiao jian xia dui yin li zi ran liao (gang guo gong )you hen hao de xi fu zuo yong ,zai jian xing tiao jian xia dui yang li zi ran liao (cang gong 、ya jia ji lan )you hen hao de xi fu zuo yong 。xi fu dong li xue 、deng wen xi fu xian 、xi fu re li xue de fen xi biao ming :sheng wu na mi xi dui gang guo gong 、cang gong 、ya jia ji lan de zui da xi fu neng li fen bie wei 1,577.7、1,911.0、1,792.2 mg/g,bi chuan tong de sheng wu zhi cai liao fen bie gao 6.8%、25.2%he 49%。gai xi fu guo cheng shi zi ran fan ying ,er ju zhu yao wei wu li fan ying 。xi fu hou de ran liao ke yi bei 200mmol/Lde NaCljie xi fu ,chong fu li yong xing hao 。zeng shang suo shu ,Alishewanella sp.WH16-1dui duo chong jin shu ju you kang xing ,dui Cr(VI)he Se(IV)ju you hen hao de hai yuan neng li ,ju hai yuan de chan wu fen bie wei Cr(III)he Se(0)na mi ke li 。ben yan jiu ji tong fen xi le yi ge xin de Cr(VI)kang xing ji yin cytbdji biao da diao kong ji zhi ,cytbdzhuai lu biao da shou CydEzu e ,er ju liu suan yan ke yi jie chu CydEde zu e zuo yong 。ci wai ,hai fa xian le yi ge Cr(VI)hai yuan mei CsrF。ti nei wai shi yan biao ming :gai mei ji ke yi hai yuan Cr(VI)ye ke yi hai yuan Se(IV)。CsrFwei shou ge quan mian zheng shi de hao yang tiao jian xia de Se(IV)hai yuan mei 。zai da chang gan jun zhong chao biao da CsrF,ke yi cu jin sheng wu na mi xi de xing cheng 。di qu chu de sheng wu na mi xi dui you ji ran liao you hen hao de xi fu zuo yong 。zhe shi shou ci bao dao sheng wu na mi xi dui ran liao you hen hao de xi fu neng li 。

论文参考文献

  • [1].硒对水稻吸收、转运及累积镉的影响机制[D]. 万亚男.中国农业大学2018
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