本文主要研究内容
作者马勇勇（2019）在《王茂沟流域生态建设对水沙连通性的影响研究》一文中研究指出：近年来黄河水沙锐减引起国内外学者广泛关注,黄土高原作为黄河泥沙主要来源地,该区大规模生态建设措施引起区域生态环境变化被认为是黄河水沙变化主要影响因素之一。本研究以黄土高原丘陵沟壑区王茂沟流域为研究对象,在总结王茂沟流域生态建设历程的基础上,通过地形图对流域生态建设前的地形进行复原,设置生态建设前、只进行坡面措施建设、只进行沟道措施建设、同时进行坡面措施和沟道措施建设4种生态建设情景,分析不同生态建设情景下王茂沟流域径流泥沙连通特征,阐明生态建设对流域水文连通、泥沙连通的影响。本文取得的主要研究成果如下:(1)使用地形图构建了王茂沟流域的高精度格网数字高程模型DEM,评价结果表明Hutchinson法的建模效果优于不规则三角网TIN法。采用TIN法构建DEM时直接引用等高线,将梁峁顶和坝地视为平地处理,对地表形态描述不充分;对TIN法建立DEM进行计算,发现坡度突变性较大,描述地形连续性较差,所提取径流路径不连续,容易出现多重平行梳状流路。Hutchinson法对地形图不能直接表达出来的信息进行地形插值和强化,DEM表面平滑且连续,所提取径流路径比较符合实际。基于5m等高线对Hutchinson法构建格网DEM进行参数优化,分辨率越高则所构建的DEM精度越高,5m等高线数据的分辨率应不大于2.5m;剖面曲率粗糙度系数对DEM精度的影响存在阈值,计算迭代次数应根据数据需求及实际情况设置为不小于20次。(2)相同生态建设情景下王茂沟小流域的径流长度指数FL由山脊向沟道递减,水文连通能力随之增加。不同生态建设情景下王茂沟小流域的径流长度指数均服从峰值向左偏、长尾向右延伸的正偏态分布,布设坡面措施、布设沟道措施、同时布设坡面和沟道措施使得流域的径流长度指数均值分别为进行生态建设前情景的2.05倍、1.65倍、2.69倍,进行生态建设后流域径流长度指数FL极显著增加(p<0.01),流域水文连通性降低;同时坡面措施和沟道措施的布设对水文连通性的阻碍能力大于单个措施,并且坡面措施阻碍水文连通的能力大于沟道措施。(3)相同生态建设情景下流域径流泥沙连通指数IC呈现由山脊向沟道递减趋势,即山脊径流泥沙连通性小于沟谷,导致沟谷更容易发生土壤侵蚀;在王茂沟流域主沟道中下游大量分布的建筑用地降低了其周围泥沙连通性,该区域容易发生泥沙沉积。生态建设措施极显著地降低了王茂沟流域的径流泥沙连通指数IC(p<0.01),降低了流域泥沙连通性,减少了土壤侵蚀的发生;布设生态措施使得本地发生土壤侵蚀可能性降低,同时增大了径流泥沙在输送过程中所受的阻力;与进行生态治理前情景相比,同时布设坡面措施和沟道措施使得流域平均Dup指数降低了 75.27%,而只布设沟道措施仅降低了6.45%。
Abstract
jin nian lai huang he shui sha rui jian yin qi guo nei wai xue zhe an fan guan zhu ,huang tu gao yuan zuo wei huang he ni sha zhu yao lai yuan de ,gai ou da gui mo sheng tai jian she cuo shi yin qi ou yu sheng tai huan jing bian hua bei ren wei shi huang he shui sha bian hua zhu yao ying xiang yin su zhi yi 。ben yan jiu yi huang tu gao yuan qiu ling gou he ou wang mao gou liu yu wei yan jiu dui xiang ,zai zong jie wang mao gou liu yu sheng tai jian she li cheng de ji chu shang ,tong guo de xing tu dui liu yu sheng tai jian she qian de de xing jin hang fu yuan ,she zhi sheng tai jian she qian 、zhi jin hang po mian cuo shi jian she 、zhi jin hang gou dao cuo shi jian she 、tong shi jin hang po mian cuo shi he gou dao cuo shi jian she 4chong sheng tai jian she qing jing ,fen xi bu tong sheng tai jian she qing jing xia wang mao gou liu yu jing liu ni sha lian tong te zheng ,chan ming sheng tai jian she dui liu yu shui wen lian tong 、ni sha lian tong de ying xiang 。ben wen qu de de zhu yao yan jiu cheng guo ru xia :(1)shi yong de xing tu gou jian le wang mao gou liu yu de gao jing du ge wang shu zi gao cheng mo xing DEM,ping jia jie guo biao ming Hutchinsonfa de jian mo xiao guo you yu bu gui ze san jiao wang TINfa 。cai yong TINfa gou jian DEMshi zhi jie yin yong deng gao xian ,jiang liang mao ding he ba de shi wei ping de chu li ,dui de biao xing tai miao shu bu chong fen ;dui TINfa jian li DEMjin hang ji suan ,fa xian po du tu bian xing jiao da ,miao shu de xing lian xu xing jiao cha ,suo di qu jing liu lu jing bu lian xu ,rong yi chu xian duo chong ping hang shu zhuang liu lu 。Hutchinsonfa dui de xing tu bu neng zhi jie biao da chu lai de xin xi jin hang de xing cha zhi he jiang hua ,DEMbiao mian ping hua ju lian xu ,suo di qu jing liu lu jing bi jiao fu ge shi ji 。ji yu 5mdeng gao xian dui Hutchinsonfa gou jian ge wang DEMjin hang can shu you hua ,fen bian lv yue gao ze suo gou jian de DEMjing du yue gao ,5mdeng gao xian shu ju de fen bian lv ying bu da yu 2.5m;pou mian qu lv cu cao du ji shu dui DEMjing du de ying xiang cun zai yu zhi ,ji suan die dai ci shu ying gen ju shu ju xu qiu ji shi ji qing kuang she zhi wei bu xiao yu 20ci 。(2)xiang tong sheng tai jian she qing jing xia wang mao gou xiao liu yu de jing liu chang du zhi shu FLyou shan ji xiang gou dao di jian ,shui wen lian tong neng li sui zhi zeng jia 。bu tong sheng tai jian she qing jing xia wang mao gou xiao liu yu de jing liu chang du zhi shu jun fu cong feng zhi xiang zuo pian 、chang wei xiang you yan shen de zheng pian tai fen bu ,bu she po mian cuo shi 、bu she gou dao cuo shi 、tong shi bu she po mian he gou dao cuo shi shi de liu yu de jing liu chang du zhi shu jun zhi fen bie wei jin hang sheng tai jian she qian qing jing de 2.05bei 、1.65bei 、2.69bei ,jin hang sheng tai jian she hou liu yu jing liu chang du zhi shu FLji xian zhe zeng jia (p<0.01),liu yu shui wen lian tong xing jiang di ;tong shi po mian cuo shi he gou dao cuo shi de bu she dui shui wen lian tong xing de zu ai neng li da yu chan ge cuo shi ,bing ju po mian cuo shi zu ai shui wen lian tong de neng li da yu gou dao cuo shi 。(3)xiang tong sheng tai jian she qing jing xia liu yu jing liu ni sha lian tong zhi shu ICcheng xian you shan ji xiang gou dao di jian qu shi ,ji shan ji jing liu ni sha lian tong xing xiao yu gou gu ,dao zhi gou gu geng rong yi fa sheng tu rang qin shi ;zai wang mao gou liu yu zhu gou dao zhong xia you da liang fen bu de jian zhu yong de jiang di le ji zhou wei ni sha lian tong xing ,gai ou yu rong yi fa sheng ni sha chen ji 。sheng tai jian she cuo shi ji xian zhe de jiang di le wang mao gou liu yu de jing liu ni sha lian tong zhi shu IC(p<0.01),jiang di le liu yu ni sha lian tong xing ,jian shao le tu rang qin shi de fa sheng ;bu she sheng tai cuo shi shi de ben de fa sheng tu rang qin shi ke neng xing jiang di ,tong shi zeng da le jing liu ni sha zai shu song guo cheng zhong suo shou de zu li ;yu jin hang sheng tai zhi li qian qing jing xiang bi ,tong shi bu she po mian cuo shi he gou dao cuo shi shi de liu yu ping jun Dupzhi shu jiang di le 75.27%,er zhi bu she gou dao cuo shi jin jiang di le 6.45%。
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论文作者分别是来自西安理工大学的马勇勇，发表于刊物西安理工大学2019-07-19论文，是一篇关于生态建设论文,内插方法论文,连通性论文,水沙论文,情景分析论文,西安理工大学2019-07-19论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用，各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载，文章观点不代表本站观点，资料来自西安理工大学2019-07-19论文网站，若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权，请联系我们删除。