本文主要研究内容
作者刘增民（2019）在《温度、光照和饲喂频次对蛋鸡采食的影响》一文中研究指出：采食行为是动物从外界获取营养物质的首要环节,也是其赖以生存的最重要的基本活动之一。采食量与家禽生长发育和生产性能密切相关,是评估家禽能量代谢和营养需求的基础。在现代化集约养殖环境中,家禽的采食行为受到外界环境、饲养管理、自身代谢产物、中枢和外周信号因子的综合调控。本课题着重研究蛋鸡采食行为的节律性以及环境温热、光照和饲喂次数对家禽采食的影响及相关机制,为蛋鸡的正确饲养提供一定的科学依据。试验一:间歇温度处理对育成蛋鸡采食及肠道发育的影响本试验选取的11周龄的伊莎褐蛋鸡360只,分为5个处理组。光照保持每天8小时(9:00-17:00光照),采用每日间歇温度处理,基础温度为22℃。对照组保持22℃不变,其他四个处理组分别为24℃、26℃、28℃、30℃。每天10:00-18:00期间进行8小时的温度处理,其余时间回归基础温度22℃。结果显示,在间歇温热处理前6周,22℃采食量较高,28℃组采食量较低。在试验后2周,24℃组采食量最高,30℃组采食量最低(P<0.05)。在非热暴露期,30℃组的采食量仍然最低,且无论在哪个温度处理中,非处理期间的平均每小时采食量均高于处理组(P<0.05)。间歇温热处理4周后,蛋鸡处于26℃或28℃时,肠道比重增加(P<0.05)。在试验后期,22℃组的胃肠比重下降,30℃组的空肠比重下降(P<0.05)。同时,24℃处理显著提升了下丘脑NPY(Neuropeptide Y)的表达量,高温处理显著提高了下丘脑POMC(Pro-opiomelanocortin)和十二指肠CCK(Cholecystokinin)的表达量,低温处理则显著提高了ghrelin的表达量(P<0.05)。试验二:蛋鸡在熄灯前的采食高峰及其机制的相关研究本试验采用70周龄的海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分为两组:对照组采用正常光照模式(5:00-21:00);试验组将光照时间前移3小时(2:00-18:00)。结果显示,蛋鸡在熄灯前5小时采食量逐渐增加,至熄灯前3小时达到采食高峰,之后采食量逐渐降低(P<0.05)。随着熄灯时间的提前,采食高峰出现的时间也随之前移。抑食基因表达量在采食高峰点时显著下降,钟基因Per2(Period 2)和Cry1(Cryptochrome 1)在采食高峰点时表达量最高,采食高峰结束点时表达量最低(P<0.05)。腺胃钟基因表达无显著差异。试验三:不同光照制度对育成蛋鸡的采食及肠道发育的影响选取9周龄的伊莎褐蛋鸡216只,分为3个处理组。对照组从14小时光照直接减为8小时光照;处理组一为光照慢减组,即每周光照时间减少1小时至8小时;处理组二为光照快减组,即每周光照时间减少2小时至8小时。结果显示,相对于对照组,光照慢减组与光照快减组采食量显著升高(P<0.05)。育成期光照时间快减可以显著增加十二指肠长度和回肠长度;快减组与慢减组的回肠长度显著增长(P<0.05)。光照时间快减导致回肠指数和空肠指数显著增加(P<0.05)。育成期每周递减2小时光照显著提高了下丘脑促食因子NPY的表达量(P<0.05)。试验四:每日不同饲喂频次对育成蛋鸡的采食及肠道发育的影响选取体重相近的10周龄海兰褐蛋鸡144只,分为3个处理组。对照组每天9:00饲喂一次,每次饲喂量为150g/只,并于熄灯后统计全天采食量。两次饲喂组:每天9:00、13:00饲喂两次,每次饲喂量为75g/只,并于熄灯后统计全天采食量。四次饲喂组:每天9:00、11:00、13:00、15:00饲喂四次,每次饲喂量为37.5g/只。结果显示,多次饲喂组的采食量下降,饲喂次数越多则采食量越低,且体重降低(P<0.05)。每日四次饲喂显著降低了肝脏指数和回肠长度;每日饲喂两次显著提高了腺胃指数(P<0.05)。每日饲喂四次显著提高了血糖水平,抑制了蛋鸡采食(P<0.05)。蛋鸡采食后甘油三酯水平显著升高,下丘脑POMC和腺胃ghrelin的mRNA水平显著提高(P<0.05),抑制了之后的采食行为,这可能是增加饲喂频次导致采食量下降的原因。以上研究结果表明,育成期环境温度保持在24℃有利于蛋鸡生长发育,高温处理会减少采食,造成肠道损伤,30℃高温刺激还会促进下丘脑POMC和十二指肠CCK的表达,从而抑制蛋鸡采食。蛋鸡在光照结束前出现采食高峰,昼夜节律系统对蛋鸡采食高峰的出现起到了关键的作用。育成期逐步缩减光照时间可以提高下丘脑NPY的表达量,促进采食。增加饲喂频次会提高血糖浓度,抑制蛋鸡采食。
Abstract
cai shi hang wei shi dong wu cong wai jie huo qu ying yang wu zhi de shou yao huan jie ,ye shi ji lai yi sheng cun de zui chong yao de ji ben huo dong zhi yi 。cai shi liang yu jia qin sheng chang fa yo he sheng chan xing neng mi qie xiang guan ,shi ping gu jia qin neng liang dai xie he ying yang xu qiu de ji chu 。zai xian dai hua ji yao yang shi huan jing zhong ,jia qin de cai shi hang wei shou dao wai jie huan jing 、si yang guan li 、zi shen dai xie chan wu 、zhong shu he wai zhou xin hao yin zi de zeng ge diao kong 。ben ke ti zhao chong yan jiu dan ji cai shi hang wei de jie lv xing yi ji huan jing wen re 、guang zhao he si wei ci shu dui jia qin cai shi de ying xiang ji xiang guan ji zhi ,wei dan ji de zheng que si yang di gong yi ding de ke xue yi ju 。shi yan yi :jian xie wen du chu li dui yo cheng dan ji cai shi ji chang dao fa yo de ying xiang ben shi yan shua qu de 11zhou ling de yi sha he dan ji 360zhi ,fen wei 5ge chu li zu 。guang zhao bao chi mei tian 8xiao shi (9:00-17:00guang zhao ),cai yong mei ri jian xie wen du chu li ,ji chu wen du wei 22℃。dui zhao zu bao chi 22℃bu bian ,ji ta si ge chu li zu fen bie wei 24℃、26℃、28℃、30℃。mei tian 10:00-18:00ji jian jin hang 8xiao shi de wen du chu li ,ji yu shi jian hui gui ji chu wen du 22℃。jie guo xian shi ,zai jian xie wen re chu li qian 6zhou ,22℃cai shi liang jiao gao ,28℃zu cai shi liang jiao di 。zai shi yan hou 2zhou ,24℃zu cai shi liang zui gao ,30℃zu cai shi liang zui di (P<0.05)。zai fei re bao lou ji ,30℃zu de cai shi liang reng ran zui di ,ju mo lun zai na ge wen du chu li zhong ,fei chu li ji jian de ping jun mei xiao shi cai shi liang jun gao yu chu li zu (P<0.05)。jian xie wen re chu li 4zhou hou ,dan ji chu yu 26℃huo 28℃shi ,chang dao bi chong zeng jia (P<0.05)。zai shi yan hou ji ,22℃zu de wei chang bi chong xia jiang ,30℃zu de kong chang bi chong xia jiang (P<0.05)。tong shi ,24℃chu li xian zhe di sheng le xia qiu nao NPY(Neuropeptide Y)de biao da liang ,gao wen chu li xian zhe di gao le xia qiu nao POMC(Pro-opiomelanocortin)he shi er zhi chang CCK(Cholecystokinin)de biao da liang ,di wen chu li ze xian zhe di gao le ghrelinde biao da liang (P<0.05)。shi yan er :dan ji zai xi deng qian de cai shi gao feng ji ji ji zhi de xiang guan yan jiu ben shi yan cai yong 70zhou ling de hai lan he dan ji ,sui ji fen wei liang zu :dui zhao zu cai yong zheng chang guang zhao mo shi (5:00-21:00);shi yan zu jiang guang zhao shi jian qian yi 3xiao shi (2:00-18:00)。jie guo xian shi ,dan ji zai xi deng qian 5xiao shi cai shi liang zhu jian zeng jia ,zhi xi deng qian 3xiao shi da dao cai shi gao feng ,zhi hou cai shi liang zhu jian jiang di (P<0.05)。sui zhao xi deng shi jian de di qian ,cai shi gao feng chu xian de shi jian ye sui zhi qian yi 。yi shi ji yin biao da liang zai cai shi gao feng dian shi xian zhe xia jiang ,zhong ji yin Per2(Period 2)he Cry1(Cryptochrome 1)zai cai shi gao feng dian shi biao da liang zui gao ,cai shi gao feng jie shu dian shi biao da liang zui di (P<0.05)。xian wei zhong ji yin biao da mo xian zhe cha yi 。shi yan san :bu tong guang zhao zhi du dui yo cheng dan ji de cai shi ji chang dao fa yo de ying xiang shua qu 9zhou ling de yi sha he dan ji 216zhi ,fen wei 3ge chu li zu 。dui zhao zu cong 14xiao shi guang zhao zhi jie jian wei 8xiao shi guang zhao ;chu li zu yi wei guang zhao man jian zu ,ji mei zhou guang zhao shi jian jian shao 1xiao shi zhi 8xiao shi ;chu li zu er wei guang zhao kuai jian zu ,ji mei zhou guang zhao shi jian jian shao 2xiao shi zhi 8xiao shi 。jie guo xian shi ,xiang dui yu dui zhao zu ,guang zhao man jian zu yu guang zhao kuai jian zu cai shi liang xian zhe sheng gao (P<0.05)。yo cheng ji guang zhao shi jian kuai jian ke yi xian zhe zeng jia shi er zhi chang chang du he hui chang chang du ;kuai jian zu yu man jian zu de hui chang chang du xian zhe zeng chang (P<0.05)。guang zhao shi jian kuai jian dao zhi hui chang zhi shu he kong chang zhi shu xian zhe zeng jia (P<0.05)。yo cheng ji mei zhou di jian 2xiao shi guang zhao xian zhe di gao le xia qiu nao cu shi yin zi NPYde biao da liang (P<0.05)。shi yan si :mei ri bu tong si wei pin ci dui yo cheng dan ji de cai shi ji chang dao fa yo de ying xiang shua qu ti chong xiang jin de 10zhou ling hai lan he dan ji 144zhi ,fen wei 3ge chu li zu 。dui zhao zu mei tian 9:00si wei yi ci ,mei ci si wei liang wei 150g/zhi ,bing yu xi deng hou tong ji quan tian cai shi liang 。liang ci si wei zu :mei tian 9:00、13:00si wei liang ci ,mei ci si wei liang wei 75g/zhi ,bing yu xi deng hou tong ji quan tian cai shi liang 。si ci si wei zu :mei tian 9:00、11:00、13:00、15:00si wei si ci ,mei ci si wei liang wei 37.5g/zhi 。jie guo xian shi ,duo ci si wei zu de cai shi liang xia jiang ,si wei ci shu yue duo ze cai shi liang yue di ,ju ti chong jiang di (P<0.05)。mei ri si ci si wei xian zhe jiang di le gan zang zhi shu he hui chang chang du ;mei ri si wei liang ci xian zhe di gao le xian wei zhi shu (P<0.05)。mei ri si wei si ci xian zhe di gao le xie tang shui ping ,yi zhi le dan ji cai shi (P<0.05)。dan ji cai shi hou gan you san zhi shui ping xian zhe sheng gao ,xia qiu nao POMChe xian wei ghrelinde mRNAshui ping xian zhe di gao (P<0.05),yi zhi le zhi hou de cai shi hang wei ,zhe ke neng shi zeng jia si wei pin ci dao zhi cai shi liang xia jiang de yuan yin 。yi shang yan jiu jie guo biao ming ,yo cheng ji huan jing wen du bao chi zai 24℃you li yu dan ji sheng chang fa yo ,gao wen chu li hui jian shao cai shi ,zao cheng chang dao sun shang ,30℃gao wen ci ji hai hui cu jin xia qiu nao POMChe shi er zhi chang CCKde biao da ,cong er yi zhi dan ji cai shi 。dan ji zai guang zhao jie shu qian chu xian cai shi gao feng ,zhou ye jie lv ji tong dui dan ji cai shi gao feng de chu xian qi dao le guan jian de zuo yong 。yo cheng ji zhu bu su jian guang zhao shi jian ke yi di gao xia qiu nao NPYde biao da liang ,cu jin cai shi 。zeng jia si wei pin ci hui di gao xie tang nong du ,yi zhi dan ji cai shi 。
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论文作者分别是来自山东农业大学的刘增民，发表于刊物山东农业大学2019-07-08论文，是一篇关于昼夜节律论文,蛋鸡论文,采食论文,温热论文,饲喂频次论文,山东农业大学2019-07-08论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用，各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载，文章观点不代表本站观点，资料来自山东农业大学2019-07-08论文网站，若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权，请联系我们删除。