本文主要研究内容
作者阎晓静(2019)在《典型新烟碱类杀虫剂与重金属复合污染对蚯蚓的毒性效应》一文中研究指出:新烟碱类杀虫剂作用于昆虫中枢神经系统后突触烟碱乙酰胆碱受体,相比于传统类型的杀虫剂,其具有新颖的作用方式、高效的杀虫活性和较强的根部内吸性等优势,在世界范围得到了应用,导致进入土壤的新烟碱类杀虫剂日益增多。同时,随着现代工业、畜禽养殖业等的迅猛发展,越来越多的重金属进入土壤环境,造成土壤的重金属污染逐渐加重。因此,新烟碱类杀虫剂与重金属在土壤中能够共存,并且可能形成复合污染物,对土壤生物造成潜在的危害。为了评价新烟碱类杀虫剂与重金属复合污染的生态毒性效应,本文选用新烟碱类杀虫剂的典型代表(吡虫啉、噻虫嗪、呋虫胺)和重金属(镉、铜、锌)作为土壤污染物,以蚯蚓为受试生物,采用人工土壤法开展研究;污染物浓度设计采用均匀设计法,对六种污染物进行多因素、多水平复合污染的研究,并对复合污染过程进行主效应和交互作用的分析。通过测定污染物暴露28 d过程中,蚯蚓体重、繁殖抑制率、体表和中肠结构、储精囊超微结构、抗氧化酶系统(超氧化物歧化酶SOD、过氧化氢酶CAT、谷胱甘肽S转移酶GST)活性、脂质过氧化产物丙二醛MDA含量和活性氧ROS含量的变化来研究新烟碱类杀虫剂与重金属复合污染对蚯蚓的生态毒性效应。研究得到的主要结果如下:(1)复合污染影响蚯蚓的生长-体重变化和繁殖率。影响体重的主要因子依次为:吡虫啉和呋虫胺的交互作用>呋虫胺>吡虫啉和镉的交互作用>吡虫啉和噻虫嗪的交互作用>噻虫嗪。影响蚯蚓繁殖抑制率的主要因子依次为:呋虫胺>吡虫啉和镉的交互作用>吡虫啉和铜的交互作用。染毒处理组的蚯蚓繁殖率均受到不同程度的抑制。吡虫啉和镉的交互作用对蚯蚓繁殖抑制率具有显著的拮抗作用,该作用同样影响其体重抑制率。(2)复合污染造成蚯蚓体表、中肠和储精囊结构的损伤。处理组蚯蚓中肠可见黏膜层上皮细胞坏死,排列紊乱,坏死细胞胞核固缩深染或溶解消失,表皮局部缺失甚至脱落。处理组储精囊细胞内细胞核形态不规则,局部核膜凹陷,核内出现假包涵体,异染色质散乱分布于细胞核内,部分线粒体嵴消失。(3)染毒周期内大部分处理组蚯蚓的SOD、CAT活性均低于对照组,复合污染对蚯蚓SOD、CAT活性起到抑制作用;处理组蚯蚓GST活性呈先激活后抑制的趋势,染毒周期内ROS含量均高于对照组。噻虫嗪的暴露对蚯蚓SOD、CAT活性均有显著的抑制作用。蚯蚓GST活性、MDA和ROS含量均受吡虫啉、吡虫啉和镉的交互作用、呋虫胺和镉的交互作用影响。吡虫啉和呋虫胺之间的交互作用对蚯蚓CAT活性、GST活性以及MDA含量有显著的拮抗作用。
Abstract
xin yan jian lei sha chong ji zuo yong yu kun chong zhong shu shen jing ji tong hou tu chu yan jian yi xian dan jian shou ti ,xiang bi yu chuan tong lei xing de sha chong ji ,ji ju you xin ying de zuo yong fang shi 、gao xiao de sha chong huo xing he jiao jiang de gen bu nei xi xing deng you shi ,zai shi jie fan wei de dao le ying yong ,dao zhi jin ru tu rang de xin yan jian lei sha chong ji ri yi zeng duo 。tong shi ,sui zhao xian dai gong ye 、chu qin yang shi ye deng de xun meng fa zhan ,yue lai yue duo de chong jin shu jin ru tu rang huan jing ,zao cheng tu rang de chong jin shu wu ran zhu jian jia chong 。yin ci ,xin yan jian lei sha chong ji yu chong jin shu zai tu rang zhong neng gou gong cun ,bing ju ke neng xing cheng fu ge wu ran wu ,dui tu rang sheng wu zao cheng qian zai de wei hai 。wei le ping jia xin yan jian lei sha chong ji yu chong jin shu fu ge wu ran de sheng tai du xing xiao ying ,ben wen shua yong xin yan jian lei sha chong ji de dian xing dai biao (bi chong lin 、sai chong qin 、fu chong an )he chong jin shu (ge 、tong 、xin )zuo wei tu rang wu ran wu ,yi qiu yin wei shou shi sheng wu ,cai yong ren gong tu rang fa kai zhan yan jiu ;wu ran wu nong du she ji cai yong jun yun she ji fa ,dui liu chong wu ran wu jin hang duo yin su 、duo shui ping fu ge wu ran de yan jiu ,bing dui fu ge wu ran guo cheng jin hang zhu xiao ying he jiao hu zuo yong de fen xi 。tong guo ce ding wu ran wu bao lou 28 dguo cheng zhong ,qiu yin ti chong 、fan shi yi zhi lv 、ti biao he zhong chang jie gou 、chu jing nang chao wei jie gou 、kang yang hua mei ji tong (chao yang hua wu qi hua mei SOD、guo yang hua qing mei CAT、gu guang gan tai Szhuai yi mei GST)huo xing 、zhi zhi guo yang hua chan wu bing er quan MDAhan liang he huo xing yang ROShan liang de bian hua lai yan jiu xin yan jian lei sha chong ji yu chong jin shu fu ge wu ran dui qiu yin de sheng tai du xing xiao ying 。yan jiu de dao de zhu yao jie guo ru xia :(1)fu ge wu ran ying xiang qiu yin de sheng chang -ti chong bian hua he fan shi lv 。ying xiang ti chong de zhu yao yin zi yi ci wei :bi chong lin he fu chong an de jiao hu zuo yong >fu chong an >bi chong lin he ge de jiao hu zuo yong >bi chong lin he sai chong qin de jiao hu zuo yong >sai chong qin 。ying xiang qiu yin fan shi yi zhi lv de zhu yao yin zi yi ci wei :fu chong an >bi chong lin he ge de jiao hu zuo yong >bi chong lin he tong de jiao hu zuo yong 。ran du chu li zu de qiu yin fan shi lv jun shou dao bu tong cheng du de yi zhi 。bi chong lin he ge de jiao hu zuo yong dui qiu yin fan shi yi zhi lv ju you xian zhe de jie kang zuo yong ,gai zuo yong tong yang ying xiang ji ti chong yi zhi lv 。(2)fu ge wu ran zao cheng qiu yin ti biao 、zhong chang he chu jing nang jie gou de sun shang 。chu li zu qiu yin zhong chang ke jian nian mo ceng shang pi xi bao huai si ,pai lie wen luan ,huai si xi bao bao he gu su shen ran huo rong jie xiao shi ,biao pi ju bu que shi shen zhi tuo la 。chu li zu chu jing nang xi bao nei xi bao he xing tai bu gui ze ,ju bu he mo ao xian ,he nei chu xian jia bao han ti ,yi ran se zhi san luan fen bu yu xi bao he nei ,bu fen xian li ti ji xiao shi 。(3)ran du zhou ji nei da bu fen chu li zu qiu yin de SOD、CAThuo xing jun di yu dui zhao zu ,fu ge wu ran dui qiu yin SOD、CAThuo xing qi dao yi zhi zuo yong ;chu li zu qiu yin GSThuo xing cheng xian ji huo hou yi zhi de qu shi ,ran du zhou ji nei ROShan liang jun gao yu dui zhao zu 。sai chong qin de bao lou dui qiu yin SOD、CAThuo xing jun you xian zhe de yi zhi zuo yong 。qiu yin GSThuo xing 、MDAhe ROShan liang jun shou bi chong lin 、bi chong lin he ge de jiao hu zuo yong 、fu chong an he ge de jiao hu zuo yong ying xiang 。bi chong lin he fu chong an zhi jian de jiao hu zuo yong dui qiu yin CAThuo xing 、GSThuo xing yi ji MDAhan liang you xian zhe de jie kang zuo yong 。
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论文作者分别是来自山东农业大学的阎晓静,发表于刊物山东农业大学2019-07-05论文,是一篇关于新烟碱类杀虫剂论文,重金属论文,赤子爱胜蚓论文,生长论文,繁殖论文,氧化胁迫论文,山东农业大学2019-07-05论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用,各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载,文章观点不代表本站观点,资料来自山东农业大学2019-07-05论文网站,若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权,请联系我们删除。
标签:新烟碱类杀虫剂论文; 重金属论文; 赤子爱胜蚓论文; 生长论文; 繁殖论文; 氧化胁迫论文; 山东农业大学2019-07-05论文;