本文主要研究内容
作者柴雍（2019）在《聚氨酯改性海藻酸钠涂饰剂的制备及其性能研究》一文中研究指出：近年来,因化石燃料的大量使用而造成的环境污染及能源短缺问题,引起人们的广泛关注。在提倡可持续发展的今天,可持续自然资源的开发和改性已成为各国学者的研究热点。海藻酸钠（SA）是一种来源广泛且含量丰富的生物质多糖原料,不仅具有可生物降解、凝胶性、絮凝性和增稠性等优点,同时具有良好的生物相容性和成膜性,在食品包装、重金属离子吸附和生物组织工程等领域有着广泛的应用。但是海藻酸钠薄膜存在耐水性差、薄膜硬脆的缺点,大大限制了海藻酸钠材料的应用。为了克服海藻酸钠薄膜存在的不足,需要对其进行改性。本课题采用环氧封端聚氨酯（GPU）对海藻酸钠进行接枝改性,利用环氧开环反应将聚氨酯接枝到海藻酸钠长链上,改善薄膜的硬脆问题。同时,利用海藻酸钠和阴离子型聚氨酯含有大量羧基的特性,采用钙离子对接枝产物进行交联改性,使得改性薄膜的耐水性大大提高。本课题以异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯（IPDI）、聚醚1000（PPG1000）、2,2-二羟甲基丙酸（DMPA）为主要原料,通过逐步聚合法制得聚氨酯预聚体,然后以1,4-丁二醇（BDO）为小分子扩链剂、环氧丙醇为封端剂,合成了环氧封端聚氨酯改性剂,红外表征证明了环氧基对聚氨酯进行了封端;然后在碱性条件下对海藻酸钠进行接枝改性,制备了环氧封端聚氨酯改性海藻酸钠（SA-g-GPU）。重点探究了反应时间、反应温度、pH值及改性剂加入量对改性海藻酸钠乳液和薄膜性能的影响。结果显示,当反应温度为75℃,反应时间为60 min,反应pH为9,改性剂GPU加入量为50%时,所得的改性海藻酸钠乳液有很好的储存稳定性和离心稳定性,乳液黏度为465.0 mPa?s。改性产物的接枝率随着改性剂GPU加入量的增多先增大后略有降低,接枝率最高可达到18.01%。当GPU加入量从10%50%变化时,乳液粒径从300.5nm下降到127.0 nm,薄膜的拉伸强度从88.44 MPa下降到12.51 MPa,断裂伸长率从6.87%上升到41.82%,水接触角从55.0°上升到77.1°,薄膜的水蒸气透过率从2450.28 g?m-2?24h-1下降到1078.74 g?m-2?24h-1,柔软度从5.3提高到6.2,薄膜的可见光透过性略有提升。因此可通过控制GPU加入量达到上述指标的高效可控。采用核磁共振氢谱（1H-NMR）、傅里叶红外变换光谱（FT-IR）、X-射线衍射（XRD）、凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）、扫描电镜（SEM）和热重（TG）等仪器研究了GPU改性海藻酸钠结构以及薄膜的性能。1H-NMR和FT-IR证明了GPU接枝到SA上;XRD测试结果表明SA以弥散状的无定型宽峰为主,结晶度低,当GPU引入后,改性薄膜的晶型结构发生改变,结晶度下降;GPC分析结果表明GPU的引入使得SA的分子量变大;SEM结果表明SA薄膜断面光滑致密,SA-g-GPU薄膜断面粗糙且出现孔状结构;TG结果表明GPU的引入提高了SA薄膜在低温段（30300℃）的热稳定性,降低了其在高温段（300600℃）的稳定性。同时,将SA-g-GPU薄膜用氯化钙进行交联改性制得交联改性薄膜（CaA-g-GPU）,并将其用于皮革涂饰,探究了CaA-g-GPU薄膜的性能及其涂饰性能。研究发现,当氯化钙浓度为3%,交联时间为3 min时,CaA-g-GPU薄膜的拉伸强度为33.48 MPa,断裂伸长率为40.51%,溶胀度为16%,膜损失率为6.31%,薄膜的耐水性大大提高。涂层的光泽度为8.0 Gu,耐干擦级为4级,耐湿擦级为3级,耐磨性为2级,改性交联涂层具有很好的耐干擦性和耐磨性。FT-IR测试表明钙离子与海藻酸钠上的羧酸根发生交联反应;XRD测试表明钙交联使得薄膜的结晶度下降;SEM结果表明钙离子交联后薄膜断层断面紧密;TG分析结果表明钙离子交联后薄膜的热稳定性提高,热损失率从81.52%下降到77.97%。
Abstract
jin nian lai ,yin hua dan ran liao de da liang shi yong er zao cheng de huan jing wu ran ji neng yuan duan que wen ti ,yin qi ren men de an fan guan zhu 。zai di chang ke chi xu fa zhan de jin tian ,ke chi xu zi ran zi yuan de kai fa he gai xing yi cheng wei ge guo xue zhe de yan jiu re dian 。hai zao suan na （SA）shi yi chong lai yuan an fan ju han liang feng fu de sheng wu zhi duo tang yuan liao ,bu jin ju you ke sheng wu jiang jie 、ning jiao xing 、xu ning xing he zeng chou xing deng you dian ,tong shi ju you liang hao de sheng wu xiang rong xing he cheng mo xing ,zai shi pin bao zhuang 、chong jin shu li zi xi fu he sheng wu zu zhi gong cheng deng ling yu you zhao an fan de ying yong 。dan shi hai zao suan na bao mo cun zai nai shui xing cha 、bao mo ying cui de que dian ,da da xian zhi le hai zao suan na cai liao de ying yong 。wei le ke fu hai zao suan na bao mo cun zai de bu zu ,xu yao dui ji jin hang gai xing 。ben ke ti cai yong huan yang feng duan ju an zhi （GPU）dui hai zao suan na jin hang jie zhi gai xing ,li yong huan yang kai huan fan ying jiang ju an zhi jie zhi dao hai zao suan na chang lian shang ,gai shan bao mo de ying cui wen ti 。tong shi ,li yong hai zao suan na he yin li zi xing ju an zhi han you da liang suo ji de te xing ,cai yong gai li zi dui jie zhi chan wu jin hang jiao lian gai xing ,shi de gai xing bao mo de nai shui xing da da di gao 。ben ke ti yi yi fu er tong er yi qing suan zhi （IPDI）、ju mi 1000（PPG1000）、2,2-er qiang jia ji bing suan （DMPA）wei zhu yao yuan liao ,tong guo zhu bu ju ge fa zhi de ju an zhi yu ju ti ,ran hou yi 1,4-ding er chun （BDO）wei xiao fen zi kuo lian ji 、huan yang bing chun wei feng duan ji ,ge cheng le huan yang feng duan ju an zhi gai xing ji ,gong wai biao zheng zheng ming le huan yang ji dui ju an zhi jin hang le feng duan ;ran hou zai jian xing tiao jian xia dui hai zao suan na jin hang jie zhi gai xing ,zhi bei le huan yang feng duan ju an zhi gai xing hai zao suan na （SA-g-GPU）。chong dian tan jiu le fan ying shi jian 、fan ying wen du 、pHzhi ji gai xing ji jia ru liang dui gai xing hai zao suan na ru ye he bao mo xing neng de ying xiang 。jie guo xian shi ,dang fan ying wen du wei 75℃,fan ying shi jian wei 60 min,fan ying pHwei 9,gai xing ji GPUjia ru liang wei 50%shi ,suo de de gai xing hai zao suan na ru ye you hen hao de chu cun wen ding xing he li xin wen ding xing ,ru ye nian du wei 465.0 mPa?s。gai xing chan wu de jie zhi lv sui zhao gai xing ji GPUjia ru liang de zeng duo xian zeng da hou lve you jiang di ,jie zhi lv zui gao ke da dao 18.01%。dang GPUjia ru liang cong 10%50%bian hua shi ,ru ye li jing cong 300.5nmxia jiang dao 127.0 nm,bao mo de la shen jiang du cong 88.44 MPaxia jiang dao 12.51 MPa,duan lie shen chang lv cong 6.87%shang sheng dao 41.82%,shui jie chu jiao cong 55.0°shang sheng dao 77.1°,bao mo de shui zheng qi tou guo lv cong 2450.28 g?m-2?24h-1xia jiang dao 1078.74 g?m-2?24h-1,rou ruan du cong 5.3di gao dao 6.2,bao mo de ke jian guang tou guo xing lve you di sheng 。yin ci ke tong guo kong zhi GPUjia ru liang da dao shang shu zhi biao de gao xiao ke kong 。cai yong he ci gong zhen qing pu （1H-NMR）、fu li xie gong wai bian huan guang pu （FT-IR）、X-she xian yan she （XRD）、ning jiao shen tou se pu （GPC）、sao miao dian jing （SEM）he re chong （TG）deng yi qi yan jiu le GPUgai xing hai zao suan na jie gou yi ji bao mo de xing neng 。1H-NMRhe FT-IRzheng ming le GPUjie zhi dao SAshang ;XRDce shi jie guo biao ming SAyi mi san zhuang de mo ding xing kuan feng wei zhu ,jie jing du di ,dang GPUyin ru hou ,gai xing bao mo de jing xing jie gou fa sheng gai bian ,jie jing du xia jiang ;GPCfen xi jie guo biao ming GPUde yin ru shi de SAde fen zi liang bian da ;SEMjie guo biao ming SAbao mo duan mian guang hua zhi mi ,SA-g-GPUbao mo duan mian cu cao ju chu xian kong zhuang jie gou ;TGjie guo biao ming GPUde yin ru di gao le SAbao mo zai di wen duan （30300℃）de re wen ding xing ,jiang di le ji zai gao wen duan （300600℃）de wen ding xing 。tong shi ,jiang SA-g-GPUbao mo yong lv hua gai jin hang jiao lian gai xing zhi de jiao lian gai xing bao mo （CaA-g-GPU）,bing jiang ji yong yu pi ge tu shi ,tan jiu le CaA-g-GPUbao mo de xing neng ji ji tu shi xing neng 。yan jiu fa xian ,dang lv hua gai nong du wei 3%,jiao lian shi jian wei 3 minshi ,CaA-g-GPUbao mo de la shen jiang du wei 33.48 MPa,duan lie shen chang lv wei 40.51%,rong zhang du wei 16%,mo sun shi lv wei 6.31%,bao mo de nai shui xing da da di gao 。tu ceng de guang ze du wei 8.0 Gu,nai gan ca ji wei 4ji ,nai shi ca ji wei 3ji ,nai mo xing wei 2ji ,gai xing jiao lian tu ceng ju you hen hao de nai gan ca xing he nai mo xing 。FT-IRce shi biao ming gai li zi yu hai zao suan na shang de suo suan gen fa sheng jiao lian fan ying ;XRDce shi biao ming gai jiao lian shi de bao mo de jie jing du xia jiang ;SEMjie guo biao ming gai li zi jiao lian hou bao mo duan ceng duan mian jin mi ;TGfen xi jie guo biao ming gai li zi jiao lian hou bao mo de re wen ding xing di gao ,re sun shi lv cong 81.52%xia jiang dao 77.97%。
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论文作者分别是来自陕西科技大学的柴雍，发表于刊物陕西科技大学2019-07-15论文，是一篇关于聚氨酯论文,海藻酸钠论文,接枝改性论文,膜材料论文,钙交联论文,涂饰论文,陕西科技大学2019-07-15论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用，各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载，文章观点不代表本站观点，资料来自陕西科技大学2019-07-15论文网站，若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权，请联系我们删除。
标签：聚氨酯论文; 海藻酸钠论文; 接枝改性论文; 膜材料论文; 钙交联论文; 涂饰论文; 陕西科技大学2019-07-15论文;