本文主要研究内容
作者董霞(2019)在《河沙泥、紫泥田土壤-水稻系统Cd迁移特征及阻控》一文中研究指出:不同母质土壤理化性状差异影响Cd的赋存状态与环境行为,影响其环境容量。明确不同土壤Cd的环境行为及影响因素,有针对性的提出土壤Cd控制措施具有重要科学意义。因此,研究不同母质土壤对外源镉(Cd)胁迫和土壤调理剂的响应与差异,可以为污染耕地安全利用提供科学依据。选取典型稻田土壤(河沙泥和紫泥田),采用水稻盆栽试验方法,研究Cd胁迫条件下水稻Cd吸收累积,提出其安全临界值;研究2种土壤调理剂(石灰、硅钙镁肥)对Cd污染稻田控制效果及其差异。研究结果表明:(1)Cd胁迫条件下,随着水稻生育期的延长,2种土壤有效态Cd含量和土壤溶液Cd浓度均随着生育期的延长整体呈下降趋势,河沙泥和紫泥田土壤有效态Cd含量平均为0.47 mg·kg-1和0.36 mg·kg-1;水稻全生育期河沙泥和紫泥田土壤溶液Cd浓度变化范围分别为0.08~0.49μg·L-1、0.03~0.44μg·L-1,平均为0.29μg·L-1、0.18μg·L-1。Cd胁迫条件下,2种土壤(河沙泥、紫泥田)上水稻糙米、谷壳、茎叶、根Cd含量均随外源Cd浓度的增加而增加,整体分布特征为根>茎叶>谷壳>糙米,且在同一外源Cd水平下,河沙泥水稻各部位Cd含量均高于紫泥田;高Cd胁迫与不施Cd相比,河沙泥中糙米Cd含量增加了5.91倍,紫泥田Cd含量增加了5.24倍;与分蘖期相比,河沙泥和紫泥田土壤成熟期水稻根系Cd含量分别增加2.1%~13.7%、18.5%~33.1%,茎叶Cd含量分别降低15.0%~24.2%和10.5%~35.3%。(2)施加石灰和硅钙镁均能降低土壤交换态和TCLP提取态Cd含量,河沙泥土壤交换态Cd含量分别降低27.2%~31.2%、21.1%~28.2%,TCLP提取态Cd含量分别降低8.7%~14.4%、13.3%~18.4%;而紫泥田交换态Cd含量分别降低5.9%~12.7%、11.4%~16.5%,土壤TCLP提取态Cd含量分别降低32.2%~37.0%、11.0%~27.4%,降低幅度随调理剂施用量的增加而增加。施加2种土壤调理剂(石灰、硅钙镁)显著提高了河沙泥土壤pH值,分别提高0.62~0.79个单位、0.35~0.46个单位。施用土壤调理剂能改变土壤Cd形态,对河沙泥而言,施用石灰能更大程度地降低土壤弱酸提取态Cd含量,且在S3.0处理时降幅最大;而对于紫泥田,施用硅钙镁肥弱酸提取态Cd含量下降幅度更为显著。(3)施用硅钙镁能降低2种土壤(河沙泥、紫泥田)水稻糙米Cd含量,分别降低9.5%~21.9%、23.5%~34.1%;施用石灰能显著降低河沙泥水稻糙米Cd含量,下降幅度为23.5%~35.9%,但对紫泥田效果不显著。对比同种土壤调理剂不同施用量,高施用量对水稻的降Cd效果更好。研究得到河沙泥土壤Cd安全临界值为2.03 mg·kg-1,紫泥田为3.14 mg·kg-1,2种土壤Cd安全临界值有所不同,且2种土壤施加石灰和硅钙镁控制米镉效果有所差别。因此不同母质土壤环境质量标准与治理措施也应有所不同,建议镉污染土壤治理修复按土壤类型实行差别化控制。
Abstract
bu tong mu zhi tu rang li hua xing zhuang cha yi ying xiang Cdde fu cun zhuang tai yu huan jing hang wei ,ying xiang ji huan jing rong liang 。ming que bu tong tu rang Cdde huan jing hang wei ji ying xiang yin su ,you zhen dui xing de di chu tu rang Cdkong zhi cuo shi ju you chong yao ke xue yi yi 。yin ci ,yan jiu bu tong mu zhi tu rang dui wai yuan ge (Cd)xie pai he tu rang diao li ji de xiang ying yu cha yi ,ke yi wei wu ran geng de an quan li yong di gong ke xue yi ju 。shua qu dian xing dao tian tu rang (he sha ni he zi ni tian ),cai yong shui dao pen zai shi yan fang fa ,yan jiu Cdxie pai tiao jian xia shui dao Cdxi shou lei ji ,di chu ji an quan lin jie zhi ;yan jiu 2chong tu rang diao li ji (dan hui 、gui gai mei fei )dui Cdwu ran dao tian kong zhi xiao guo ji ji cha yi 。yan jiu jie guo biao ming :(1)Cdxie pai tiao jian xia ,sui zhao shui dao sheng yo ji de yan chang ,2chong tu rang you xiao tai Cdhan liang he tu rang rong ye Cdnong du jun sui zhao sheng yo ji de yan chang zheng ti cheng xia jiang qu shi ,he sha ni he zi ni tian tu rang you xiao tai Cdhan liang ping jun wei 0.47 mg·kg-1he 0.36 mg·kg-1;shui dao quan sheng yo ji he sha ni he zi ni tian tu rang rong ye Cdnong du bian hua fan wei fen bie wei 0.08~0.49μg·L-1、0.03~0.44μg·L-1,ping jun wei 0.29μg·L-1、0.18μg·L-1。Cdxie pai tiao jian xia ,2chong tu rang (he sha ni 、zi ni tian )shang shui dao cao mi 、gu ke 、jing xie 、gen Cdhan liang jun sui wai yuan Cdnong du de zeng jia er zeng jia ,zheng ti fen bu te zheng wei gen >jing xie >gu ke >cao mi ,ju zai tong yi wai yuan Cdshui ping xia ,he sha ni shui dao ge bu wei Cdhan liang jun gao yu zi ni tian ;gao Cdxie pai yu bu shi Cdxiang bi ,he sha ni zhong cao mi Cdhan liang zeng jia le 5.91bei ,zi ni tian Cdhan liang zeng jia le 5.24bei ;yu fen nie ji xiang bi ,he sha ni he zi ni tian tu rang cheng shou ji shui dao gen ji Cdhan liang fen bie zeng jia 2.1%~13.7%、18.5%~33.1%,jing xie Cdhan liang fen bie jiang di 15.0%~24.2%he 10.5%~35.3%。(2)shi jia dan hui he gui gai mei jun neng jiang di tu rang jiao huan tai he TCLPdi qu tai Cdhan liang ,he sha ni tu rang jiao huan tai Cdhan liang fen bie jiang di 27.2%~31.2%、21.1%~28.2%,TCLPdi qu tai Cdhan liang fen bie jiang di 8.7%~14.4%、13.3%~18.4%;er zi ni tian jiao huan tai Cdhan liang fen bie jiang di 5.9%~12.7%、11.4%~16.5%,tu rang TCLPdi qu tai Cdhan liang fen bie jiang di 32.2%~37.0%、11.0%~27.4%,jiang di fu du sui diao li ji shi yong liang de zeng jia er zeng jia 。shi jia 2chong tu rang diao li ji (dan hui 、gui gai mei )xian zhe di gao le he sha ni tu rang pHzhi ,fen bie di gao 0.62~0.79ge chan wei 、0.35~0.46ge chan wei 。shi yong tu rang diao li ji neng gai bian tu rang Cdxing tai ,dui he sha ni er yan ,shi yong dan hui neng geng da cheng du de jiang di tu rang ruo suan di qu tai Cdhan liang ,ju zai S3.0chu li shi jiang fu zui da ;er dui yu zi ni tian ,shi yong gui gai mei fei ruo suan di qu tai Cdhan liang xia jiang fu du geng wei xian zhe 。(3)shi yong gui gai mei neng jiang di 2chong tu rang (he sha ni 、zi ni tian )shui dao cao mi Cdhan liang ,fen bie jiang di 9.5%~21.9%、23.5%~34.1%;shi yong dan hui neng xian zhe jiang di he sha ni shui dao cao mi Cdhan liang ,xia jiang fu du wei 23.5%~35.9%,dan dui zi ni tian xiao guo bu xian zhe 。dui bi tong chong tu rang diao li ji bu tong shi yong liang ,gao shi yong liang dui shui dao de jiang Cdxiao guo geng hao 。yan jiu de dao he sha ni tu rang Cdan quan lin jie zhi wei 2.03 mg·kg-1,zi ni tian wei 3.14 mg·kg-1,2chong tu rang Cdan quan lin jie zhi you suo bu tong ,ju 2chong tu rang shi jia dan hui he gui gai mei kong zhi mi ge xiao guo you suo cha bie 。yin ci bu tong mu zhi tu rang huan jing zhi liang biao zhun yu zhi li cuo shi ye ying you suo bu tong ,jian yi ge wu ran tu rang zhi li xiu fu an tu rang lei xing shi hang cha bie hua kong zhi 。
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标签:土壤类型论文; 水稻论文; 土壤论文; 安全临界值论文; 土壤调理剂论文; 中南林业科技大学2019-09-29论文;