本文主要研究内容
作者张雨（2019）在《土壤污染防治基金法律制度的构建》一文中研究指出：近年来土壤环境不断恶化,日渐紧缺的土地资源和增长的人口成为新的亟需解决的社会矛盾,因土壤污染导致的社会群体性事件也时有发生,为稳定社会秩序、建设美丽中国,土壤污染防治工作不得不提上日程。资金不足是影响我国土壤污染防治的最主要因素。土壤污染面积广、污染类型复杂等加大了土壤污染防治的难度,高昂的修复与治理费用限制了我国防治土壤污染的进程。土壤污染防治专项资金制度的实施虽取得了一定成果,但其不能为防治土壤污染持续提供充足且稳定的资金,在申请使用上也缺乏相应的灵活性,同时不能很好地体现污染担责原则。随着土壤污染的日益严重,资金缺口不断扩大。而土壤污染防治基金制度本质是在遵循污染担责原则的基础上,辅以国家、公众的力量对土壤污染进行社会化救济,具有来源广、专款专用、独立核算等特点,不仅申请、使用灵活简便,而且可以为土壤污染防治提供长效资金保障,因此该制度得到了相关法律与政策的肯定。但是土壤污染防治基金制度于我国而言仍是一项新鲜事物,法律对该制度的规定也较为笼统,因此有必要在借鉴其他国家和地区成功经验的基础上,结合我国土壤污染现状和法律规定构建出具有本国特色的土壤污染防治基金制度。土壤污染防治基金制度是以基金模式解决土壤污染防治资金不足问题的有益探索,其建立、施行必须做到有法可依、有据可考,因此除了土壤污染防治法以外,还应加快制定《土壤污染防治基金管理办法》,对该基金制度的具体内容加以规范。因各地区土壤污染差异大,防治重点有所不同,加之该基金制度的实施效果难以预测,所以建议先鼓励各省根据本地实际情况制定出省级《土壤污染防治基金管理办法》。在实际运行中,土壤污染防治基金制度应注意处理好与现有相关制度的衔接工作,主要是指省级土壤污染防治基金和中央土壤防治专项资金及生态环境损害赔偿制度的衔接。土壤污染防治基金制度的建立既要贯穿污染担责原则,又要遵循国家出资原则,以保证基金来源的多元化,同时为保障公众的知情权和参与权,还要遵循公众参与原则和信息公开原则。土壤污染防治基金来源具有多样性,除了污染者支付的有关费用外,还包括财政拨款、征收的环境保护税、公众捐赠等其他来源。土壤污染防治关乎民生福祉,因此必须有效合理利用土壤污染防治基金,只有在污染者无法认定或污染者明确但由于各种原因不能承担全部治理与修复费用,以及发生突发性土壤污染污染事件时方可启用基金。同时该基金只能用于与土壤污染防治相关的事项,具体包括置备相关污染监测设施,对污染土壤进行调查、鉴定评估、治理与修复,对公众进行相关预防土壤污染的宣传教育以及进行合理投资等。土壤污染防治具有公益性,土壤污染防治基金的资金供给功能应得到公法的强制保障,因此该基金应采用公法上的财团法人模式。基于政府管理者的角色定位和其掌握资源的丰富性,应由政府主导建立土壤污染防治基金,设立土壤污染防治基金委员会,吸纳专业人才和学者,同时明确基金的申请、审核、发放、使用、监督等程序,保障基金的有效运转。土壤污染防治基金的监督机制由内部监督和外部监督共同组成,主要监督基金的使用情况和土壤污染防治基金委员会的工作,对于滥用基金等违法违规行为进行追责。
Abstract
jin nian lai tu rang huan jing bu duan e hua ,ri jian jin que de tu de zi yuan he zeng chang de ren kou cheng wei xin de ji xu jie jue de she hui mao dun ,yin tu rang wu ran dao zhi de she hui qun ti xing shi jian ye shi you fa sheng ,wei wen ding she hui zhi xu 、jian she mei li zhong guo ,tu rang wu ran fang zhi gong zuo bu de bu di shang ri cheng 。zi jin bu zu shi ying xiang wo guo tu rang wu ran fang zhi de zui zhu yao yin su 。tu rang wu ran mian ji an 、wu ran lei xing fu za deng jia da le tu rang wu ran fang zhi de nan du ,gao ang de xiu fu yu zhi li fei yong xian zhi le wo guo fang zhi tu rang wu ran de jin cheng 。tu rang wu ran fang zhi zhuan xiang zi jin zhi du de shi shi sui qu de le yi ding cheng guo ,dan ji bu neng wei fang zhi tu rang wu ran chi xu di gong chong zu ju wen ding de zi jin ,zai shen qing shi yong shang ye que fa xiang ying de ling huo xing ,tong shi bu neng hen hao de ti xian wu ran dan ze yuan ze 。sui zhao tu rang wu ran de ri yi yan chong ,zi jin que kou bu duan kuo da 。er tu rang wu ran fang zhi ji jin zhi du ben zhi shi zai zun xun wu ran dan ze yuan ze de ji chu shang ,fu yi guo jia 、gong zhong de li liang dui tu rang wu ran jin hang she hui hua jiu ji ,ju you lai yuan an 、zhuan kuan zhuan yong 、du li he suan deng te dian ,bu jin shen qing 、shi yong ling huo jian bian ,er ju ke yi wei tu rang wu ran fang zhi di gong chang xiao zi jin bao zhang ,yin ci gai zhi du de dao le xiang guan fa lv yu zheng ce de ken ding 。dan shi tu rang wu ran fang zhi ji jin zhi du yu wo guo er yan reng shi yi xiang xin xian shi wu ,fa lv dui gai zhi du de gui ding ye jiao wei long tong ,yin ci you bi yao zai jie jian ji ta guo jia he de ou cheng gong jing yan de ji chu shang ,jie ge wo guo tu rang wu ran xian zhuang he fa lv gui ding gou jian chu ju you ben guo te se de tu rang wu ran fang zhi ji jin zhi du 。tu rang wu ran fang zhi ji jin zhi du shi yi ji jin mo shi jie jue tu rang wu ran fang zhi zi jin bu zu wen ti de you yi tan suo ,ji jian li 、shi hang bi xu zuo dao you fa ke yi 、you ju ke kao ,yin ci chu le tu rang wu ran fang zhi fa yi wai ,hai ying jia kuai zhi ding 《tu rang wu ran fang zhi ji jin guan li ban fa 》,dui gai ji jin zhi du de ju ti nei rong jia yi gui fan 。yin ge de ou tu rang wu ran cha yi da ,fang zhi chong dian you suo bu tong ,jia zhi gai ji jin zhi du de shi shi xiao guo nan yi yu ce ,suo yi jian yi xian gu li ge sheng gen ju ben de shi ji qing kuang zhi ding chu sheng ji 《tu rang wu ran fang zhi ji jin guan li ban fa 》。zai shi ji yun hang zhong ,tu rang wu ran fang zhi ji jin zhi du ying zhu yi chu li hao yu xian you xiang guan zhi du de xian jie gong zuo ,zhu yao shi zhi sheng ji tu rang wu ran fang zhi ji jin he zhong yang tu rang fang zhi zhuan xiang zi jin ji sheng tai huan jing sun hai pei chang zhi du de xian jie 。tu rang wu ran fang zhi ji jin zhi du de jian li ji yao guan chuan wu ran dan ze yuan ze ,you yao zun xun guo jia chu zi yuan ze ,yi bao zheng ji jin lai yuan de duo yuan hua ,tong shi wei bao zhang gong zhong de zhi qing quan he can yu quan ,hai yao zun xun gong zhong can yu yuan ze he xin xi gong kai yuan ze 。tu rang wu ran fang zhi ji jin lai yuan ju you duo yang xing ,chu le wu ran zhe zhi fu de you guan fei yong wai ,hai bao gua cai zheng bo kuan 、zheng shou de huan jing bao hu shui 、gong zhong juan zeng deng ji ta lai yuan 。tu rang wu ran fang zhi guan hu min sheng fu zhi ,yin ci bi xu you xiao ge li li yong tu rang wu ran fang zhi ji jin ,zhi you zai wu ran zhe mo fa ren ding huo wu ran zhe ming que dan you yu ge chong yuan yin bu neng cheng dan quan bu zhi li yu xiu fu fei yong ,yi ji fa sheng tu fa xing tu rang wu ran wu ran shi jian shi fang ke qi yong ji jin 。tong shi gai ji jin zhi neng yong yu yu tu rang wu ran fang zhi xiang guan de shi xiang ,ju ti bao gua zhi bei xiang guan wu ran jian ce she shi ,dui wu ran tu rang jin hang diao cha 、jian ding ping gu 、zhi li yu xiu fu ,dui gong zhong jin hang xiang guan yu fang tu rang wu ran de xuan chuan jiao yo yi ji jin hang ge li tou zi deng 。tu rang wu ran fang zhi ju you gong yi xing ,tu rang wu ran fang zhi ji jin de zi jin gong gei gong neng ying de dao gong fa de jiang zhi bao zhang ,yin ci gai ji jin ying cai yong gong fa shang de cai tuan fa ren mo shi 。ji yu zheng fu guan li zhe de jiao se ding wei he ji zhang wo zi yuan de feng fu xing ,ying you zheng fu zhu dao jian li tu rang wu ran fang zhi ji jin ,she li tu rang wu ran fang zhi ji jin wei yuan hui ,xi na zhuan ye ren cai he xue zhe ,tong shi ming que ji jin de shen qing 、shen he 、fa fang 、shi yong 、jian du deng cheng xu ,bao zhang ji jin de you xiao yun zhuai 。tu rang wu ran fang zhi ji jin de jian du ji zhi you nei bu jian du he wai bu jian du gong tong zu cheng ,zhu yao jian du ji jin de shi yong qing kuang he tu rang wu ran fang zhi ji jin wei yuan hui de gong zuo ,dui yu lan yong ji jin deng wei fa wei gui hang wei jin hang zhui ze 。
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论文作者分别是来自安徽大学的张雨，发表于刊物安徽大学2019-07-03论文，是一篇关于土壤污染防治基金论文,土壤污染防治专项资金论文,污染担责论文,土壤污染防治基金委员会论文,安徽大学2019-07-03论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用，各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载，文章观点不代表本站观点，资料来自安徽大学2019-07-03论文网站，若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权，请联系我们删除。
标签：土壤污染防治基金论文; 土壤污染防治专项资金论文; 污染担责论文; 土壤污染防治基金委员会论文; 安徽大学2019-07-03论文;