本文主要研究内容
作者李显波(2019)在《高强α半水磷石膏晶形调控及水化硬化性能研究》一文中研究指出:磷石膏是湿法磷酸生产过程中排出的大宗工业固体废弃物,2017年我国磷石膏产生量为7500万吨,利用率为38%。磷石膏的主要成分为二水石膏(Dihydrate gypsum,DH),由于还含有磷、氟和有机物等杂质,导致其利用难度大,综合利用率低。2006年国家环保总局将磷石膏定性为危险固体废物,2018年贵州省提出全面实施磷石膏“以用定产”,实现磷石膏产消平衡。因此,如何加快磷石膏的资源化利用进度是目前研究的重点。由于反应条件温和,采用常压盐溶液法制备高强α半水磷石膏(α-hemihydrate phosphogypsum,α-HH)有良好的应用前景,其中选用合适的转晶剂调控α-HH晶形是制备的关键。因此,本文在优化反应条件的基础上,重点探讨了有机酸分子结构对α-HH晶形调控和力学性能的影响,采用第一性原理计算结合红外光谱和X射线光电子能谱分析揭示有机酸类转晶剂调控α-HH晶形机理,利用电子计算机断层扫描(Computed tomography,CT)结合扫描电子显微镜解析硬化体显微结构特征,从而构建α-HH晶形、硬化体显微结构与力学性能间的耦合关系。研究成果如下:(1)热力学计算表明在常压水溶液中DH不能自发转化生成α-HH,在水溶液中加入盐类电解质可以降低水活度,实现在常压条件下反应。随着盐介质浓度的增加,磷石膏转化为α-HH的速率加快,诱导时间和生长时间缩短;α-HH显微形貌呈六方柱状,但长径比差异较大。在Na2SO4溶液中磷石膏转化为α-HH的速率快,Na2SO4浓度低,生成α-HH的长径比约为14:1。在CaCl2溶液中制备的α-HH长径比降低为5:1?6:1,且不会引入其它阳离子。研究确定的反应温度为95℃,固液比为1:3,预处理剂CaO用量为0.6%。(2)在Na2SO4溶液中,顺丁烯二酸能有效调控α-HH晶形,使其从长柱状向短柱状演变,长径比接近1:1,同时会通过延长生长时间来抑制磷石膏的转化;所制备α-HH的硬化体表面泛霜,力学强度较低,故Na2SO4不宜作为盐介质。在CaCl2溶液中,顺丁烯二酸、L-天冬氨酸、丁二酸、邻苯二甲酸和柠檬酸能够调控α-HH晶形,而间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、L-谷氨酸和L-天冬酰胺等有机酸不具备调控晶形的能力。随着转晶剂浓度的增大,磷石膏转化为α-HH的速率降低。其中,顺丁烯二酸、丁二酸、邻苯二甲酸和柠檬酸是通过延长诱导时间来降低转化速率,是反应的限速步骤;而L-天冬氨酸则是通过延长生长时间来抑制磷石膏的转化,反应受生长控制。研究发现采用Boltzmann函数能够建立产物结晶水含量随反应时间的变化方程,且对不同转晶剂浓度下的转化过程具有普适性。随着转晶剂浓度的增大,α-HH从长柱状向短柱状转变,长度缩短、直径增大、长径比为3:1?1:1,标准稠度用水量降低,抗折强度和抗压强度增大。(3)有机酸类转晶剂的分子结构特征是其含有两个或两个以上COOH且COOH间距为两个C原子,即相邻COOH间距与α-HH(1 1 1)面的Ca原子间距(4.187?)相匹配时有机酸才具有调控α-HH晶形的能力;此外,分子结构中存在双键或NH2使其表现出更强的晶形调控效果。该结果对有机酸类转晶剂的筛选或设计合成具有一定的指导意义。机理研究表明:有机酸类转晶剂调控α-HH晶形主要是通过COOH络合α-HH表面的Ca原子;顺丁烯二酸通过两个COOH分别与α-HH(1 1 1)面的两个Ca发生作用,形成环状结构化合物,吸附能绝对值最大(201.65 kJ/mol),吸附作用强;而只有一个COOH与α-HH(1 1 0)面的Ca作用,作用相对较弱;在(0 1 0)面作用最弱,从而抑制α-HH沿c轴方向生长。(4)反应体系pH降低是磷石膏常压盐溶液法制备α-HH的一个特征。磷石膏转化速率越快,料浆pH降低越快。原因是由于共晶磷溶解释放磷酸根离子,导致体系pH从弱碱性向酸性转变。因此,采用直接循环CaCl2溶液或调节循环液pH至8.60两种回用方式,所制备α-HH的力学强度迅速降低。调节CaCl2循环液pH至10.0,可有效去除其中的可溶磷,随着循环次数的增加,对α-HH的晶形和力学强度影响不大,强度等级达到α25 JC/T 2038-2010,还能有效降低L-天冬氨酸浓度。(5)磷石膏在盐介质溶液中转化为α-HH以及α-HH水化生成DH均遵循溶解-析晶原理,反应过程可分为溶解、溶解-析晶和平衡三个阶段。在溶解阶段,磷石膏或α-HH溶解生成Ca2+和SO42-,浓度逐渐增大;反应产物的结晶水含量变化不大。在溶解-析晶阶段,形成过饱和溶液后析出α-HH或DH晶核并长大,析晶速度大于溶解速度;相对应的产物结晶水含量降低或升高,产物粒度减小。进入平衡阶段后,液相离子浓度、产物结晶水含量和粒度变化不大,溶解和析晶达到平衡。此外,在转晶剂作用下所制备α-HH水化的相对过饱和度降低,水化时间延长,水化产物DH的长径比降低。(6)在未添加转晶剂时所制备α-HH的硬化体内部呈多孔结构,硬化体中DH为长柱状、晶粒较大,且分布不均,晶体间相互搭接面积小,力学强度低。在转晶剂作用下制备α-HH的硬化体结构致密,硬化体中DH呈菱形状,晶体粒度减小,分布均匀,晶体间相互堆积紧密,力学强度提高。同时,采用CT扫描硬化体内部三维结构表明,与空白试验相比,添加L-天冬氨酸时所制备α-HH的硬化体内部缺陷比表面积由17.28 cm2/g降低至0.99cm2/g,孔隙率由6.07%降低为0.80%,抗压强度由9.7 MPa提高至28.8 MPa。因此,添加转晶剂能降低α-HH的长径比和标准稠度用水量,且两者线性正相关,减少硬化体内部孔洞数量、缺陷比表面积和孔隙率,从而使硬化体表现出良好的力学性能。
Abstract
lin dan gao shi shi fa lin suan sheng chan guo cheng zhong pai chu de da zong gong ye gu ti fei qi wu ,2017nian wo guo lin dan gao chan sheng liang wei 7500mo dun ,li yong lv wei 38%。lin dan gao de zhu yao cheng fen wei er shui dan gao (Dihydrate gypsum,DH),you yu hai han you lin 、fu he you ji wu deng za zhi ,dao zhi ji li yong nan du da ,zeng ge li yong lv di 。2006nian guo jia huan bao zong ju jiang lin dan gao ding xing wei wei xian gu ti fei wu ,2018nian gui zhou sheng di chu quan mian shi shi lin dan gao “yi yong ding chan ”,shi xian lin dan gao chan xiao ping heng 。yin ci ,ru he jia kuai lin dan gao de zi yuan hua li yong jin du shi mu qian yan jiu de chong dian 。you yu fan ying tiao jian wen he ,cai yong chang ya yan rong ye fa zhi bei gao jiang αban shui lin dan gao (α-hemihydrate phosphogypsum,α-HH)you liang hao de ying yong qian jing ,ji zhong shua yong ge kuo de zhuai jing ji diao kong α-HHjing xing shi zhi bei de guan jian 。yin ci ,ben wen zai you hua fan ying tiao jian de ji chu shang ,chong dian tan tao le you ji suan fen zi jie gou dui α-HHjing xing diao kong he li xue xing neng de ying xiang ,cai yong di yi xing yuan li ji suan jie ge gong wai guang pu he Xshe xian guang dian zi neng pu fen xi jie shi you ji suan lei zhuai jing ji diao kong α-HHjing xing ji li ,li yong dian zi ji suan ji duan ceng sao miao (Computed tomography,CT)jie ge sao miao dian zi xian wei jing jie xi ying hua ti xian wei jie gou te zheng ,cong er gou jian α-HHjing xing 、ying hua ti xian wei jie gou yu li xue xing neng jian de ou ge guan ji 。yan jiu cheng guo ru xia :(1)re li xue ji suan biao ming zai chang ya shui rong ye zhong DHbu neng zi fa zhuai hua sheng cheng α-HH,zai shui rong ye zhong jia ru yan lei dian jie zhi ke yi jiang di shui huo du ,shi xian zai chang ya tiao jian xia fan ying 。sui zhao yan jie zhi nong du de zeng jia ,lin dan gao zhuai hua wei α-HHde su lv jia kuai ,you dao shi jian he sheng chang shi jian su duan ;α-HHxian wei xing mao cheng liu fang zhu zhuang ,dan chang jing bi cha yi jiao da 。zai Na2SO4rong ye zhong lin dan gao zhuai hua wei α-HHde su lv kuai ,Na2SO4nong du di ,sheng cheng α-HHde chang jing bi yao wei 14:1。zai CaCl2rong ye zhong zhi bei de α-HHchang jing bi jiang di wei 5:1?6:1,ju bu hui yin ru ji ta yang li zi 。yan jiu que ding de fan ying wen du wei 95℃,gu ye bi wei 1:3,yu chu li ji CaOyong liang wei 0.6%。(2)zai Na2SO4rong ye zhong ,shun ding xi er suan neng you xiao diao kong α-HHjing xing ,shi ji cong chang zhu zhuang xiang duan zhu zhuang yan bian ,chang jing bi jie jin 1:1,tong shi hui tong guo yan chang sheng chang shi jian lai yi zhi lin dan gao de zhuai hua ;suo zhi bei α-HHde ying hua ti biao mian fan shuang ,li xue jiang du jiao di ,gu Na2SO4bu yi zuo wei yan jie zhi 。zai CaCl2rong ye zhong ,shun ding xi er suan 、L-tian dong an suan 、ding er suan 、lin ben er jia suan he ning meng suan neng gou diao kong α-HHjing xing ,er jian ben er jia suan 、dui ben er jia suan 、L-gu an suan he L-tian dong xian an deng you ji suan bu ju bei diao kong jing xing de neng li 。sui zhao zhuai jing ji nong du de zeng da ,lin dan gao zhuai hua wei α-HHde su lv jiang di 。ji zhong ,shun ding xi er suan 、ding er suan 、lin ben er jia suan he ning meng suan shi tong guo yan chang you dao shi jian lai jiang di zhuai hua su lv ,shi fan ying de xian su bu zhou ;er L-tian dong an suan ze shi tong guo yan chang sheng chang shi jian lai yi zhi lin dan gao de zhuai hua ,fan ying shou sheng chang kong zhi 。yan jiu fa xian cai yong Boltzmannhan shu neng gou jian li chan wu jie jing shui han liang sui fan ying shi jian de bian hua fang cheng ,ju dui bu tong zhuai jing ji nong du xia de zhuai hua guo cheng ju you pu kuo xing 。sui zhao zhuai jing ji nong du de zeng da ,α-HHcong chang zhu zhuang xiang duan zhu zhuang zhuai bian ,chang du su duan 、zhi jing zeng da 、chang jing bi wei 3:1?1:1,biao zhun chou du yong shui liang jiang di ,kang she jiang du he kang ya jiang du zeng da 。(3)you ji suan lei zhuai jing ji de fen zi jie gou te zheng shi ji han you liang ge huo liang ge yi shang COOHju COOHjian ju wei liang ge Cyuan zi ,ji xiang lin COOHjian ju yu α-HH(1 1 1)mian de Cayuan zi jian ju (4.187?)xiang pi pei shi you ji suan cai ju you diao kong α-HHjing xing de neng li ;ci wai ,fen zi jie gou zhong cun zai shuang jian huo NH2shi ji biao xian chu geng jiang de jing xing diao kong xiao guo 。gai jie guo dui you ji suan lei zhuai jing ji de shai shua huo she ji ge cheng ju you yi ding de zhi dao yi yi 。ji li yan jiu biao ming :you ji suan lei zhuai jing ji diao kong α-HHjing xing zhu yao shi tong guo COOHlao ge α-HHbiao mian de Cayuan zi ;shun ding xi er suan tong guo liang ge COOHfen bie yu α-HH(1 1 1)mian de liang ge Cafa sheng zuo yong ,xing cheng huan zhuang jie gou hua ge wu ,xi fu neng jue dui zhi zui da (201.65 kJ/mol),xi fu zuo yong jiang ;er zhi you yi ge COOHyu α-HH(1 1 0)mian de Cazuo yong ,zuo yong xiang dui jiao ruo ;zai (0 1 0)mian zuo yong zui ruo ,cong er yi zhi α-HHyan czhou fang xiang sheng chang 。(4)fan ying ti ji pHjiang di shi lin dan gao chang ya yan rong ye fa zhi bei α-HHde yi ge te zheng 。lin dan gao zhuai hua su lv yue kuai ,liao jiang pHjiang di yue kuai 。yuan yin shi you yu gong jing lin rong jie shi fang lin suan gen li zi ,dao zhi ti ji pHcong ruo jian xing xiang suan xing zhuai bian 。yin ci ,cai yong zhi jie xun huan CaCl2rong ye huo diao jie xun huan ye pHzhi 8.60liang chong hui yong fang shi ,suo zhi bei α-HHde li xue jiang du xun su jiang di 。diao jie CaCl2xun huan ye pHzhi 10.0,ke you xiao qu chu ji zhong de ke rong lin ,sui zhao xun huan ci shu de zeng jia ,dui α-HHde jing xing he li xue jiang du ying xiang bu da ,jiang du deng ji da dao α25 JC/T 2038-2010,hai neng you xiao jiang di L-tian dong an suan nong du 。(5)lin dan gao zai yan jie zhi rong ye zhong zhuai hua wei α-HHyi ji α-HHshui hua sheng cheng DHjun zun xun rong jie -xi jing yuan li ,fan ying guo cheng ke fen wei rong jie 、rong jie -xi jing he ping heng san ge jie duan 。zai rong jie jie duan ,lin dan gao huo α-HHrong jie sheng cheng Ca2+he SO42-,nong du zhu jian zeng da ;fan ying chan wu de jie jing shui han liang bian hua bu da 。zai rong jie -xi jing jie duan ,xing cheng guo bao he rong ye hou xi chu α-HHhuo DHjing he bing chang da ,xi jing su du da yu rong jie su du ;xiang dui ying de chan wu jie jing shui han liang jiang di huo sheng gao ,chan wu li du jian xiao 。jin ru ping heng jie duan hou ,ye xiang li zi nong du 、chan wu jie jing shui han liang he li du bian hua bu da ,rong jie he xi jing da dao ping heng 。ci wai ,zai zhuai jing ji zuo yong xia suo zhi bei α-HHshui hua de xiang dui guo bao he du jiang di ,shui hua shi jian yan chang ,shui hua chan wu DHde chang jing bi jiang di 。(6)zai wei tian jia zhuai jing ji shi suo zhi bei α-HHde ying hua ti nei bu cheng duo kong jie gou ,ying hua ti zhong DHwei chang zhu zhuang 、jing li jiao da ,ju fen bu bu jun ,jing ti jian xiang hu da jie mian ji xiao ,li xue jiang du di 。zai zhuai jing ji zuo yong xia zhi bei α-HHde ying hua ti jie gou zhi mi ,ying hua ti zhong DHcheng ling xing zhuang ,jing ti li du jian xiao ,fen bu jun yun ,jing ti jian xiang hu dui ji jin mi ,li xue jiang du di gao 。tong shi ,cai yong CTsao miao ying hua ti nei bu san wei jie gou biao ming ,yu kong bai shi yan xiang bi ,tian jia L-tian dong an suan shi suo zhi bei α-HHde ying hua ti nei bu que xian bi biao mian ji you 17.28 cm2/gjiang di zhi 0.99cm2/g,kong xi lv you 6.07%jiang di wei 0.80%,kang ya jiang du you 9.7 MPadi gao zhi 28.8 MPa。yin ci ,tian jia zhuai jing ji neng jiang di α-HHde chang jing bi he biao zhun chou du yong shui liang ,ju liang zhe xian xing zheng xiang guan ,jian shao ying hua ti nei bu kong dong shu liang 、que xian bi biao mian ji he kong xi lv ,cong er shi ying hua ti biao xian chu liang hao de li xue xing neng 。
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论文作者分别是来自贵州大学的李显波,发表于刊物贵州大学2019-07-16论文,是一篇关于半水磷石膏论文,常压盐溶液法论文,晶形调控论文,转晶剂论文,转化动力学论文,水化硬化论文,贵州大学2019-07-16论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用,各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载,文章观点不代表本站观点,资料来自贵州大学2019-07-16论文网站,若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权,请联系我们删除。
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