本文主要研究内容
作者(2019)在《白背飞虱对噻嗪酮的抗性及其代谢机理研究》一文中研究指出:水稻是第二重要的粮食作物,世界上有一半以上的人口以大米为食。害虫对水稻的危害一直是制约全球水稻生产和质量的主要因素,为降低其危害,杀虫剂仍是主要的防治手段,每年施用的杀虫剂要花费数百万美元。因此,需选用新型、高效和环境友好的杀虫剂来减少由害虫暴发造成的产量损失。然而,在多种昆虫中,如白背飞虱,其抗性的发展对杀虫剂的有效性造成严重的威胁。白背飞虱(WBPH)Sogatella furcifera(Horvath)(Hemiptera:Delphacidae)是许多亚洲发展中国家水稻上的主要害虫,它通过吸吮韧皮部汁液和在水稻茎中产卵危害,给水稻的安全生产造成重大损失。化学杀虫剂仍是防治白背飞虱获得高产水稻的主要手段。然而,由于杀虫剂的大量使用,白背飞虱已对12种不同的活性化合物(包括噻嗪酮)产生抗性。噻嗪酮是昆虫生长调节剂类杀虫剂之一,属于噻二嗪类,能抑制昆虫几丁质合成,其中几丁质是昆虫表皮中最重要的部分。目前,噻嗪酮在稻田中主要用于防治同翅目害虫。然而由于其大量使用,白背飞虱田间种群已对噻嗪酮产生高水平抗性。因此,为探究白背飞虱对噻嗪酮的抗性机制,延缓抗性的发展,本文监测了白背飞虱田间种群对噻嗪酮的抗性水平和噻嗪酮对白背飞虱的亚致死效应;研究了室内筛选的白背飞虱对噻嗪酮的抗性品系的交互抗性谱、适合度代价、抗性遗传方式和抗性机理。主要研究结果如下:1.白背飞虱田间种群抗性监测为明确白背飞虱田间种群对噻嗪酮的抗性动态,2014-2018年采用稻苗浸渍法监测了中国5个省份16个地区43个田间种群对噻嗪酮的抗性水平。结果表明,噻嗪酮对43个田间种群的LC50值在0.61至7.36 mg/L之间,表明白背飞虱田间种群对噻嗪酮产生中等至高水平抗性(RR=13.8-167.3倍),且呈逐年上升趋势。此外,对噻嗪酮产生高抗的三个田间种群的增效试验表明,增效剂PBO对WX-18,XG-2018和AH-18田间种群的增效倍数分别为1.9、1.7和1.9倍,增效剂DEM对3个田间种群的增效倍数分别为1.6、1.7和1.6倍,增效剂TPP对3个田间种群的增效倍数分别为1.5、1.3和1.5倍。表明解毒酶活性的增强可能是白背飞虱田间种群对噻嗪酮产生抗性的主要原因。此外,杀虫剂敏感性相关性分析结果表明,除异丙威和醚菊酯外,白背飞虱田间种群对噻嗪酮的敏感性与其他供试的杀虫剂显著相关。这些研究结果表明,白背飞虱对噻嗪酮产生了不同程度的抗药性,应严格限制噻嗪酮的使用次数。2.噻嗪酮对白背飞虱亚致死效应研究采用两性生命表评估噻嗪酮对白背飞虱亚致死效应。结果表明,噻嗪酮LC30浓度处理与对照相比显著降低了白背飞虱F0和F1代的繁殖力、寿命和孵化率,而交配率没有显著影响。与对照相比,两种剂量(LC10=0.17 mg/L and LC30=0.85 mg/L)处理的F0代以及LC30处理的F1中,雌性寿命显著缩短;除了对F1代3龄若虫的发育历期没有影响外,两种亚致死浓度处理均显著影响其它龄期若虫的发育速率;LC30和LC10处理的F1代成虫前期、总产卵前期(TPOP)和产卵前期(APOP)显着延长。此外,亚致死浓度处理后显著降低F1代的存活率、内禀增长率(ri)、有限增长率(λ)、净生殖率(R0)和总生殖率(GRR),而LC10处理后世代周期(T)显著增加。3.白背飞虱对噻嗪酮抗性遗传方式及适合度代价研究通过室内连续多代筛选获得白背飞虱对噻嗪酮的抗性品系,通过两性生命表系统研究了白背飞虱对噻嗪酮抗性遗传方式及适合度代价。结果表明,噻嗪酮抗性和敏感品系的相对适合度为0.53,其内在增长率(r)和净繁殖率(R0)均呈下降趋势。与敏感品系相比,噻嗪酮抗性品系的1龄、3龄、4龄和5龄若虫的发育历期、成体产卵前期(POP)和总产卵前期(TPOP)显着延长;雌虫繁殖力和成虫寿命显著缩短。表明抗噻嗪酮白背飞虱品系存在一定抗性适合度代价。通过对噻嗪酮抗性遗传方式分析发现,白背飞虱对噻嗪酮抗性为常染色体上的不完全隐形遗传。该研究为延缓白背飞虱对噻嗪酮抗性的发展和制定有效的抗性治理策略提供了有价值的信息。4.白背飞虱对噻嗪酮的代谢抗性机制研究本研究通过连续47代筛选,获得对噻嗪酮22倍抗性的品系,LC50从F0代的1.68mg/L增加至36.71 mg/L。解毒酶活性测定结果表明,抗性品系谷胱甘肽S-转移酶和细胞色素P450单加氧酶活力分别为敏感品系的1.99和5.7倍,酯酶活力与敏感品系相比没有显著差异。为进一步明确解毒酶与抗性的关系,选用PBO,DEM和TPP对噻嗪酮抗性和敏感品系进行增效试验,抗性品系与敏感品系相比,PBO和DEM的增效倍数分别为3.9和1.8倍。表明细胞色素P450单加氧酶和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶可能是白背飞虱对噻嗪酮产生代谢抗性的重要机制。通过定量PCR对噻嗪酮抗性和敏感品系中细胞色素P450(CYP)和GST基因的mRNA表达水平进行分析。结果表明,在噻嗪酮抗性品系中有16个P450基因和1个GST基因显著上调表达,其中CYP4家族中有4个基因(CYP4DD1、CYP425B1、CYP4C65和CYP439A3),CYP3家族中有4个基因(CYP6BD5、CYP6FU1、CYP418A2和CYP6FJ3),CYP2家族中的5个基因(CYP304H1、CYP306A2、CYP303A1,CYP15G1和CYP305A13)和Mito家族中的3个基因(CYP302A1、CYP301B1和CYP314A1)以及一个GSTTt基因显著上调表达。其中,CYP302A1、CYP304H1、CYP306A2和CYP4DD1基因的表达量在抗性品系中分别是敏感品系的11.4、6.3、4.2和4.1倍。表明这些基因可能与白背飞虱对噻嗪酮的抗性相关。本研究丰富了我们在白背飞虱中对噻嗪酮抗性机制的认识,为有害生物的综合治理(IPM)策略提供了重要参考。
Abstract
shui dao shi di er chong yao de liang shi zuo wu ,shi jie shang you yi ban yi shang de ren kou yi da mi wei shi 。hai chong dui shui dao de wei hai yi zhi shi zhi yao quan qiu shui dao sheng chan he zhi liang de zhu yao yin su ,wei jiang di ji wei hai ,sha chong ji reng shi zhu yao de fang zhi shou duan ,mei nian shi yong de sha chong ji yao hua fei shu bai mo mei yuan 。yin ci ,xu shua yong xin xing 、gao xiao he huan jing you hao de sha chong ji lai jian shao you hai chong bao fa zao cheng de chan liang sun shi 。ran er ,zai duo chong kun chong zhong ,ru bai bei fei shi ,ji kang xing de fa zhan dui sha chong ji de you xiao xing zao cheng yan chong de wei xie 。bai bei fei shi (WBPH)Sogatella furcifera(Horvath)(Hemiptera:Delphacidae)shi hu duo ya zhou fa zhan zhong guo jia shui dao shang de zhu yao hai chong ,ta tong guo xi shun ren pi bu zhi ye he zai shui dao jing zhong chan luan wei hai ,gei shui dao de an quan sheng chan zao cheng chong da sun shi 。hua xue sha chong ji reng shi fang zhi bai bei fei shi huo de gao chan shui dao de zhu yao shou duan 。ran er ,you yu sha chong ji de da liang shi yong ,bai bei fei shi yi dui 12chong bu tong de huo xing hua ge wu (bao gua sai qin tong )chan sheng kang xing 。sai qin tong shi kun chong sheng chang diao jie ji lei sha chong ji zhi yi ,shu yu sai er qin lei ,neng yi zhi kun chong ji ding zhi ge cheng ,ji zhong ji ding zhi shi kun chong biao pi zhong zui chong yao de bu fen 。mu qian ,sai qin tong zai dao tian zhong zhu yao yong yu fang zhi tong chi mu hai chong 。ran er you yu ji da liang shi yong ,bai bei fei shi tian jian chong qun yi dui sai qin tong chan sheng gao shui ping kang xing 。yin ci ,wei tan jiu bai bei fei shi dui sai qin tong de kang xing ji zhi ,yan huan kang xing de fa zhan ,ben wen jian ce le bai bei fei shi tian jian chong qun dui sai qin tong de kang xing shui ping he sai qin tong dui bai bei fei shi de ya zhi si xiao ying ;yan jiu le shi nei shai shua de bai bei fei shi dui sai qin tong de kang xing pin ji de jiao hu kang xing pu 、kuo ge du dai jia 、kang xing wei chuan fang shi he kang xing ji li 。zhu yao yan jiu jie guo ru xia :1.bai bei fei shi tian jian chong qun kang xing jian ce wei ming que bai bei fei shi tian jian chong qun dui sai qin tong de kang xing dong tai ,2014-2018nian cai yong dao miao jin zi fa jian ce le zhong guo 5ge sheng fen 16ge de ou 43ge tian jian chong qun dui sai qin tong de kang xing shui ping 。jie guo biao ming ,sai qin tong dui 43ge tian jian chong qun de LC50zhi zai 0.61zhi 7.36 mg/Lzhi jian ,biao ming bai bei fei shi tian jian chong qun dui sai qin tong chan sheng zhong deng zhi gao shui ping kang xing (RR=13.8-167.3bei ),ju cheng zhu nian shang sheng qu shi 。ci wai ,dui sai qin tong chan sheng gao kang de san ge tian jian chong qun de zeng xiao shi yan biao ming ,zeng xiao ji PBOdui WX-18,XG-2018he AH-18tian jian chong qun de zeng xiao bei shu fen bie wei 1.9、1.7he 1.9bei ,zeng xiao ji DEMdui 3ge tian jian chong qun de zeng xiao bei shu fen bie wei 1.6、1.7he 1.6bei ,zeng xiao ji TPPdui 3ge tian jian chong qun de zeng xiao bei shu fen bie wei 1.5、1.3he 1.5bei 。biao ming jie du mei huo xing de zeng jiang ke neng shi bai bei fei shi tian jian chong qun dui sai qin tong chan sheng kang xing de zhu yao yuan yin 。ci wai ,sha chong ji min gan xing xiang guan xing fen xi jie guo biao ming ,chu yi bing wei he mi ju zhi wai ,bai bei fei shi tian jian chong qun dui sai qin tong de min gan xing yu ji ta gong shi de sha chong ji xian zhe xiang guan 。zhe xie yan jiu jie guo biao ming ,bai bei fei shi dui sai qin tong chan sheng le bu tong cheng du de kang yao xing ,ying yan ge xian zhi sai qin tong de shi yong ci shu 。2.sai qin tong dui bai bei fei shi ya zhi si xiao ying yan jiu cai yong liang xing sheng ming biao ping gu sai qin tong dui bai bei fei shi ya zhi si xiao ying 。jie guo biao ming ,sai qin tong LC30nong du chu li yu dui zhao xiang bi xian zhe jiang di le bai bei fei shi F0he F1dai de fan shi li 、shou ming he fu hua lv ,er jiao pei lv mei you xian zhe ying xiang 。yu dui zhao xiang bi ,liang chong ji liang (LC10=0.17 mg/L and LC30=0.85 mg/L)chu li de F0dai yi ji LC30chu li de F1zhong ,ci xing shou ming xian zhe su duan ;chu le dui F1dai 3ling re chong de fa yo li ji mei you ying xiang wai ,liang chong ya zhi si nong du chu li jun xian zhe ying xiang ji ta ling ji re chong de fa yo su lv ;LC30he LC10chu li de F1dai cheng chong qian ji 、zong chan luan qian ji (TPOP)he chan luan qian ji (APOP)xian zhao yan chang 。ci wai ,ya zhi si nong du chu li hou xian zhe jiang di F1dai de cun huo lv 、nei bing zeng chang lv (ri)、you xian zeng chang lv (λ)、jing sheng shi lv (R0)he zong sheng shi lv (GRR),er LC10chu li hou shi dai zhou ji (T)xian zhe zeng jia 。3.bai bei fei shi dui sai qin tong kang xing wei chuan fang shi ji kuo ge du dai jia yan jiu tong guo shi nei lian xu duo dai shai shua huo de bai bei fei shi dui sai qin tong de kang xing pin ji ,tong guo liang xing sheng ming biao ji tong yan jiu le bai bei fei shi dui sai qin tong kang xing wei chuan fang shi ji kuo ge du dai jia 。jie guo biao ming ,sai qin tong kang xing he min gan pin ji de xiang dui kuo ge du wei 0.53,ji nei zai zeng chang lv (r)he jing fan shi lv (R0)jun cheng xia jiang qu shi 。yu min gan pin ji xiang bi ,sai qin tong kang xing pin ji de 1ling 、3ling 、4ling he 5ling re chong de fa yo li ji 、cheng ti chan luan qian ji (POP)he zong chan luan qian ji (TPOP)xian zhao yan chang ;ci chong fan shi li he cheng chong shou ming xian zhe su duan 。biao ming kang sai qin tong bai bei fei shi pin ji cun zai yi ding kang xing kuo ge du dai jia 。tong guo dui sai qin tong kang xing wei chuan fang shi fen xi fa xian ,bai bei fei shi dui sai qin tong kang xing wei chang ran se ti shang de bu wan quan yin xing wei chuan 。gai yan jiu wei yan huan bai bei fei shi dui sai qin tong kang xing de fa zhan he zhi ding you xiao de kang xing zhi li ce lve di gong le you jia zhi de xin xi 。4.bai bei fei shi dui sai qin tong de dai xie kang xing ji zhi yan jiu ben yan jiu tong guo lian xu 47dai shai shua ,huo de dui sai qin tong 22bei kang xing de pin ji ,LC50cong F0dai de 1.68mg/Lzeng jia zhi 36.71 mg/L。jie du mei huo xing ce ding jie guo biao ming ,kang xing pin ji gu guang gan tai S-zhuai yi mei he xi bao se su P450chan jia yang mei huo li fen bie wei min gan pin ji de 1.99he 5.7bei ,zhi mei huo li yu min gan pin ji xiang bi mei you xian zhe cha yi 。wei jin yi bu ming que jie du mei yu kang xing de guan ji ,shua yong PBO,DEMhe TPPdui sai qin tong kang xing he min gan pin ji jin hang zeng xiao shi yan ,kang xing pin ji yu min gan pin ji xiang bi ,PBOhe DEMde zeng xiao bei shu fen bie wei 3.9he 1.8bei 。biao ming xi bao se su P450chan jia yang mei he gu guang gan tai S-zhuai yi mei ke neng shi bai bei fei shi dui sai qin tong chan sheng dai xie kang xing de chong yao ji zhi 。tong guo ding liang PCRdui sai qin tong kang xing he min gan pin ji zhong xi bao se su P450(CYP)he GSTji yin de mRNAbiao da shui ping jin hang fen xi 。jie guo biao ming ,zai sai qin tong kang xing pin ji zhong you 16ge P450ji yin he 1ge GSTji yin xian zhe shang diao biao da ,ji zhong CYP4jia zu zhong you 4ge ji yin (CYP4DD1、CYP425B1、CYP4C65he CYP439A3),CYP3jia zu zhong you 4ge ji yin (CYP6BD5、CYP6FU1、CYP418A2he CYP6FJ3),CYP2jia zu zhong de 5ge ji yin (CYP304H1、CYP306A2、CYP303A1,CYP15G1he CYP305A13)he Mitojia zu zhong de 3ge ji yin (CYP302A1、CYP301B1he CYP314A1)yi ji yi ge GSTTtji yin xian zhe shang diao biao da 。ji zhong ,CYP302A1、CYP304H1、CYP306A2he CYP4DD1ji yin de biao da liang zai kang xing pin ji zhong fen bie shi min gan pin ji de 11.4、6.3、4.2he 4.1bei 。biao ming zhe xie ji yin ke neng yu bai bei fei shi dui sai qin tong de kang xing xiang guan 。ben yan jiu feng fu le wo men zai bai bei fei shi zhong dui sai qin tong kang xing ji zhi de ren shi ,wei you hai sheng wu de zeng ge zhi li (IPM)ce lve di gong le chong yao can kao 。
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标签:噻嗪酮论文; 白背飞虱论文; 抗性监测论文; 亚致死效应论文; 适合度和遗传方式论文; 抗性机制论文; 华中农业大学2019-07-15论文;