本文主要研究内容
作者张岛（2019）在《短尾猴架桥行为模式与功能分化研究》一文中研究指出：在动物界中,新出生个体受到群体其他成员的关注和照顾,这在高等动物如鸟类和哺乳类中更明显。在非人灵长类社会中,这种对新出生个体的关注和照顾称为“新生吸引”(Natal attraction),一般表现为触碰、搂抱、鼻嗅等非直接照料的婴猴接触行为(Infants handling),具有多种社会功能。在非人灵长类的猕猴属一些物种中,有一种特殊的婴猴接触行为称为架桥行为(Bridging behavior)。架桥行为的定义是两个个体共同举起一个婴猴,其中一个个体托着婴猴的头部,另一个个体托着婴猴的尾部,并舔舐婴猴的生殖器,两个个体不时地呈现喋牙等表情。架桥行为涉及至少三个个体,个体A通过婴猴与个体B形成“A+婴猴+B”的三方关系。目前,雄性之间的架桥行为已有很多研究,表明具有增加雄性间社会交往、减缓个体间冲突的功能。但对雌性之间的架桥行为缺少研究。本研究于2013年8月至2014年10月以及2015年3月到5月间,采用目标动物取样连续记录方法,对安徽黄山的短尾猴(Macaca thibetana)YA1群的架桥行为进行研究。通过记录短尾猴不同性别间的架桥行为模式和其他生物学特征,分析架桥过程中的影响因素,深入探讨短尾猴不同性别间架桥行为的行为模式变化及其功能意义。主要结果如下:一、短尾猴架桥行为模式在不同性别间存在分化。雄性-雄性的架桥行为主要是携带婴猴的雄性主动发起架桥行为,所使用的婴猴主要是雄性婴猴(Paired sample t test:t=3.187,P=0.024,N= 12),并且6周龄雄婴使用频次最高(N=11,0.42± 0.03频次/小时);而雌性-雌性的架桥行为中携带婴猴的雌性为架桥行为的接受者,无婴猴性别差异(Paired sample t test:t=4.597,P=0.942,N=13),所利用婴猴的年龄从出生起频次逐渐升高,4周龄时达到高峰(N=11,1.04±0.27频次/小时)。因此,短尾猴雄雌性别间的架桥行为模式和婴猴利用偏好存在差异。二、短尾猴雌性-雌性架桥行为功能主要是练习做母亲。本研究表明,架桥行为在雌性-雌性间并不是均匀分布的(K-S test;t = 3.889,df= 10,P=0.003,N=13),在13个成年和亚成年雌性中有两个未观察到参与架桥行为。亚成年雌性个体发起架桥频率(1.25 ± 0.14频次/小时)显著高于成年雌性(0.34 ± 0.05频次/小时,Wilcoxon signed-ranks test:Z=-2.202,P=0.028,N1=5,N2=8)。初次生育后代成功哺育的雌性个体参与架桥频次要高于其他三个未能成功哺育的个体(存活:1.98±0.38频次/小时;死亡:0.38±0.18频次/小时)。雌性个体生育状况与架桥行为的发起频次显著相关(Z=-2197,P = 0.028),生育前后发起架桥行为的频次从0.036频次/小时上升到1.10频次/小时。同时,接受架桥行为的频次显著增高(Z=-2.003,P=0.045,N1=7,N2=6)。因此,雌性短尾猴架桥行为主要是练习做母亲的功能,同时也有一定的加强社会交往的功能。三、短尾猴雄性-雄性架桥行为功能是维持社会关系。所有的成年和亚成年雄性个体均参与到架桥行为中,但是不同个体参与架桥行为的频次存在显著性差异(Kruskal-Wallis test:H= 19.324,df=11,P<0.05)。个体接受来自低顺位的架桥行为频次要显著高于来自高顺位的频次(Paired sample t test:t=2.507,P=0.046,N=7)。交配期两个个体间的架桥行为频次与繁殖期的综合社会指数(Composite Sociality Index,CSI)值并没有显著相关性(Person test:Z= 0.018,P=0.887,N=66),但是交配期两者之间的CSI值与繁殖期的架桥行为频次显著相关(Person test:Z= 0.389,P = 0.001,N= 66),表明雄性个体可以利用架桥行为维持社会连接强度。本研究的创新性成果为:(1)全面分析了在短尾猴群体中不同性别间的架桥行为的模式功能差异,及利用婴猴属性的不同。首次揭示了雌性间架桥行为的模式和功能。(2)深入分析了短尾猴雄性间架桥行为机制,即雄性短尾猴之间利用婴猴来维持已有的社会关系,但是并不能建立新的社会关系。(3通过对比一种社会行为在同一群体中不同性别内的表现形式及时空动态分化,以及其最终的功能差异,对研究灵长类社会行为的起源,演化,及其适应意义提供了重要资料。通过对短尾猴架桥行为中对象的选择分析,阐明了架桥行为中的三方关系意识和机制。为进一步研究灵长类中三方关系和复杂的社会关系提供了新视角本研究通过阐明架桥行为在短尾猴不同性别内行为模式差异以及功能分化过程,揭示了架桥行为在社会群体中的社会学属性和内涵。在架桥行为中,婴猴因其独特的生物学和社会学属性,使其不同于其他物质性工具。其本身的社会属性对架桥行为有着重要的影响。同时,本研究结果为理解群居灵长类动物利用第三方个体构建三方或多维社会关系,从而维持群体的稳定提供了新方向,对认识人类社会中复杂的社会关系也具有重要的参考价值。
Abstract
zai dong wu jie zhong ,xin chu sheng ge ti shou dao qun ti ji ta cheng yuan de guan zhu he zhao gu ,zhe zai gao deng dong wu ru diao lei he bu ru lei zhong geng ming xian 。zai fei ren ling chang lei she hui zhong ,zhe chong dui xin chu sheng ge ti de guan zhu he zhao gu chen wei “xin sheng xi yin ”(Natal attraction),yi ban biao xian wei chu peng 、lou bao 、bi xiu deng fei zhi jie zhao liao de ying hou jie chu hang wei (Infants handling),ju you duo chong she hui gong neng 。zai fei ren ling chang lei de mi hou shu yi xie wu chong zhong ,you yi chong te shu de ying hou jie chu hang wei chen wei jia qiao hang wei (Bridging behavior)。jia qiao hang wei de ding yi shi liang ge ge ti gong tong ju qi yi ge ying hou ,ji zhong yi ge ge ti tuo zhao ying hou de tou bu ,ling yi ge ge ti tuo zhao ying hou de wei bu ,bing tian shi ying hou de sheng shi qi ,liang ge ge ti bu shi de cheng xian die ya deng biao qing 。jia qiao hang wei she ji zhi shao san ge ge ti ,ge ti Atong guo ying hou yu ge ti Bxing cheng “A+ying hou +B”de san fang guan ji 。mu qian ,xiong xing zhi jian de jia qiao hang wei yi you hen duo yan jiu ,biao ming ju you zeng jia xiong xing jian she hui jiao wang 、jian huan ge ti jian chong tu de gong neng 。dan dui ci xing zhi jian de jia qiao hang wei que shao yan jiu 。ben yan jiu yu 2013nian 8yue zhi 2014nian 10yue yi ji 2015nian 3yue dao 5yue jian ,cai yong mu biao dong wu qu yang lian xu ji lu fang fa ,dui an hui huang shan de duan wei hou (Macaca thibetana)YA1qun de jia qiao hang wei jin hang yan jiu 。tong guo ji lu duan wei hou bu tong xing bie jian de jia qiao hang wei mo shi he ji ta sheng wu xue te zheng ,fen xi jia qiao guo cheng zhong de ying xiang yin su ,shen ru tan tao duan wei hou bu tong xing bie jian jia qiao hang wei de hang wei mo shi bian hua ji ji gong neng yi yi 。zhu yao jie guo ru xia :yi 、duan wei hou jia qiao hang wei mo shi zai bu tong xing bie jian cun zai fen hua 。xiong xing -xiong xing de jia qiao hang wei zhu yao shi xie dai ying hou de xiong xing zhu dong fa qi jia qiao hang wei ,suo shi yong de ying hou zhu yao shi xiong xing ying hou (Paired sample t test:t=3.187,P=0.024,N= 12),bing ju 6zhou ling xiong ying shi yong pin ci zui gao (N=11,0.42± 0.03pin ci /xiao shi );er ci xing -ci xing de jia qiao hang wei zhong xie dai ying hou de ci xing wei jia qiao hang wei de jie shou zhe ,mo ying hou xing bie cha yi (Paired sample t test:t=4.597,P=0.942,N=13),suo li yong ying hou de nian ling cong chu sheng qi pin ci zhu jian sheng gao ,4zhou ling shi da dao gao feng (N=11,1.04±0.27pin ci /xiao shi )。yin ci ,duan wei hou xiong ci xing bie jian de jia qiao hang wei mo shi he ying hou li yong pian hao cun zai cha yi 。er 、duan wei hou ci xing -ci xing jia qiao hang wei gong neng zhu yao shi lian xi zuo mu qin 。ben yan jiu biao ming ,jia qiao hang wei zai ci xing -ci xing jian bing bu shi jun yun fen bu de (K-S test;t = 3.889,df= 10,P=0.003,N=13),zai 13ge cheng nian he ya cheng nian ci xing zhong you liang ge wei guan cha dao can yu jia qiao hang wei 。ya cheng nian ci xing ge ti fa qi jia qiao pin lv (1.25 ± 0.14pin ci /xiao shi )xian zhe gao yu cheng nian ci xing (0.34 ± 0.05pin ci /xiao shi ,Wilcoxon signed-ranks test:Z=-2.202,P=0.028,N1=5,N2=8)。chu ci sheng yo hou dai cheng gong bu yo de ci xing ge ti can yu jia qiao pin ci yao gao yu ji ta san ge wei neng cheng gong bu yo de ge ti (cun huo :1.98±0.38pin ci /xiao shi ;si wang :0.38±0.18pin ci /xiao shi )。ci xing ge ti sheng yo zhuang kuang yu jia qiao hang wei de fa qi pin ci xian zhe xiang guan (Z=-2197,P = 0.028),sheng yo qian hou fa qi jia qiao hang wei de pin ci cong 0.036pin ci /xiao shi shang sheng dao 1.10pin ci /xiao shi 。tong shi ,jie shou jia qiao hang wei de pin ci xian zhe zeng gao (Z=-2.003,P=0.045,N1=7,N2=6)。yin ci ,ci xing duan wei hou jia qiao hang wei zhu yao shi lian xi zuo mu qin de gong neng ,tong shi ye you yi ding de jia jiang she hui jiao wang de gong neng 。san 、duan wei hou xiong xing -xiong xing jia qiao hang wei gong neng shi wei chi she hui guan ji 。suo you de cheng nian he ya cheng nian xiong xing ge ti jun can yu dao jia qiao hang wei zhong ,dan shi bu tong ge ti can yu jia qiao hang wei de pin ci cun zai xian zhe xing cha yi (Kruskal-Wallis test:H= 19.324,df=11,P<0.05)。ge ti jie shou lai zi di shun wei de jia qiao hang wei pin ci yao xian zhe gao yu lai zi gao shun wei de pin ci (Paired sample t test:t=2.507,P=0.046,N=7)。jiao pei ji liang ge ge ti jian de jia qiao hang wei pin ci yu fan shi ji de zeng ge she hui zhi shu (Composite Sociality Index,CSI)zhi bing mei you xian zhe xiang guan xing (Person test:Z= 0.018,P=0.887,N=66),dan shi jiao pei ji liang zhe zhi jian de CSIzhi yu fan shi ji de jia qiao hang wei pin ci xian zhe xiang guan (Person test:Z= 0.389,P = 0.001,N= 66),biao ming xiong xing ge ti ke yi li yong jia qiao hang wei wei chi she hui lian jie jiang du 。ben yan jiu de chuang xin xing cheng guo wei :(1)quan mian fen xi le zai duan wei hou qun ti zhong bu tong xing bie jian de jia qiao hang wei de mo shi gong neng cha yi ,ji li yong ying hou shu xing de bu tong 。shou ci jie shi le ci xing jian jia qiao hang wei de mo shi he gong neng 。(2)shen ru fen xi le duan wei hou xiong xing jian jia qiao hang wei ji zhi ,ji xiong xing duan wei hou zhi jian li yong ying hou lai wei chi yi you de she hui guan ji ,dan shi bing bu neng jian li xin de she hui guan ji 。(3tong guo dui bi yi chong she hui hang wei zai tong yi qun ti zhong bu tong xing bie nei de biao xian xing shi ji shi kong dong tai fen hua ,yi ji ji zui zhong de gong neng cha yi ,dui yan jiu ling chang lei she hui hang wei de qi yuan ,yan hua ,ji ji kuo ying yi yi di gong le chong yao zi liao 。tong guo dui duan wei hou jia qiao hang wei zhong dui xiang de shua ze fen xi ,chan ming le jia qiao hang wei zhong de san fang guan ji yi shi he ji zhi 。wei jin yi bu yan jiu ling chang lei zhong san fang guan ji he fu za de she hui guan ji di gong le xin shi jiao ben yan jiu tong guo chan ming jia qiao hang wei zai duan wei hou bu tong xing bie nei hang wei mo shi cha yi yi ji gong neng fen hua guo cheng ,jie shi le jia qiao hang wei zai she hui qun ti zhong de she hui xue shu xing he nei han 。zai jia qiao hang wei zhong ,ying hou yin ji du te de sheng wu xue he she hui xue shu xing ,shi ji bu tong yu ji ta wu zhi xing gong ju 。ji ben shen de she hui shu xing dui jia qiao hang wei you zhao chong yao de ying xiang 。tong shi ,ben yan jiu jie guo wei li jie qun ju ling chang lei dong wu li yong di san fang ge ti gou jian san fang huo duo wei she hui guan ji ,cong er wei chi qun ti de wen ding di gong le xin fang xiang ,dui ren shi ren lei she hui zhong fu za de she hui guan ji ye ju you chong yao de can kao jia zhi 。
论文参考文献
论文详细介绍
论文作者分别是来自安徽大学的张岛，发表于刊物安徽大学2019-07-03论文，是一篇关于短尾猴论文,婴猴论文,架桥行为论文,友好关系论文,功能论文,安徽大学2019-07-03论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用，各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载，文章观点不代表本站观点，资料来自安徽大学2019-07-03论文网站，若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权，请联系我们删除。