本文主要研究内容
作者郭明卓（2019）在《基于动态仿生的破茬深松联合作业机设计及关键技术研究》一文中研究指出：中国东北黑土区是世界三大黑土区之一,是我国最重要的商品粮基地和玉米主产区。传统耕作频繁耕翻、地表裸露、土壤退化加剧,同时秸秆焚烧等不合理的处理方式,导致雾霾加重,严重危害了国家粮食安全和农业可持续发展。推行以秸秆根茬还田、少免耕播种、深松整地为核心的保护性耕作技术可有效保护土壤、恢复地力。但东北黑土区冷凉低温、耕地干旱板结严重、秸秆残茬粗壮量大不易腐烂,传统保护性耕作模式难以全面适用。针对以上问题,东北地区采用了以传统垄作和保护性耕作相结合的新型农艺技术,通过垄作模式提高地温,减少种植带压实,同时结合秸秆残茬管理、深松整地等技术,实现高效节水、保护土壤、增产增收的目的。在垄作保护性耕作技术模式下,秋季玉米收获后会在垄上种植区域残留大量根茬,若翌年选择原垄种植,未腐烂的根茬会干扰正常播种,同时东北黑土区属高寒易旱区,土壤强度大,常需要通过深松作业改善土壤环境,残茬还会影响深松铲的通过性能,导致深松作业阻力增大。因此本文针对根茬破除与高效深松联合作业的农艺需求,结合破茬与深松减阻设计,设计了适合垄作保护性耕作技术模式的破茬深松联合作业机,主要研究成果如下:(1)基于动态仿生原理的破茬装置设计。根据东亚飞蝗口器对植物纤维具有高效切割功能的特点,在结构形态仿生耦元的基础上,加入运动方式仿生耦元,设计出一种可实现双破茬刀异向等速旋转切割作业的动态仿生破茬装置,其可同时模拟出蝗虫口器结构形态与切割植物纤维时的运动方式,实现耦合仿生设计;明确正、反转破茬刀运动关系,得出正转与反转破茬刀片最佳切割单体数量分别为6个和12个;设计了行星齿轮变速机构,最终确定齿轮模数为3 mm,太阳轮齿数为29,行星轮齿数为13,内齿圈齿数为55,与两破茬刀连接后,可以实现同轴异向旋转切割方式;基于Arduino平台设计了转速控制系统,使机具在制动和加速过程中,破茬刀仍能够以恒定速度进行根茬切割;并根据作业特点,通过理论分析、试验验证等方法,明确该装置结构和作业参数对残茬切割性能的影响规律,从而实现了提高机具通过性、高效破碎根茬的目的。(2)基于深松深度控制系统的仿生振动深松装置设计。通过对深松铲减阻特性研究,设计一种集成仿生结构减阻、自激振动减阻、深松深度控制的深松装置。分析深松铲破土过程,以穴兔爪趾为仿生原型,提取爪趾高效破土曲线,并将其应用于铲柄刃口结构,实现深松铲柄刃口的仿生减阻结构设计;设计了一种基于扭簧振动的自激式振动深松机构,并对其关键部件进行理论分析设计,确定扭簧、定位盘的相关参数,使深松铲实现了自激振动减阻;分析仿生振动深松铲的运动过程,对深松深度进行判断,得到结果为在深松阻力较大的环境下,仿生振动深松铲容易出现深松深度不稳定的现象;利用模糊控制技术实现智能算法,设计了一套深松深度控制系统,通过对深松铲施加推力,提高铲体的松土性能,稳定深松铲作业状态;通过试验验证了整个深松装置的减阻性能,最高降低阻力25.3%。(3)动态仿生破茬深松联合作业机的设计。具体包括对机架、动态仿生破茬装置、凹面圆盘清茬装置、齿轮箱、仿生振动深松装置等主要工作部件的设计,其中机架采用了纵向连接的布置方式,并对其进行了模态分析;根据整机结构特点,设计了多级减速换向传动方案,确定动态仿生破茬装置由拖拉机输出轴传动,并对关键链传动进行参数设计;变速箱采用了对称齿轮传动方案,对齿轮参数进行设计,同时对箱体和齿轮轴进行有限元分析校核;分析凹面圆盘清茬装置工作原理,优化仿形机构与清茬圆盘的结构参数;改进深松装置的自激振动方案,并对关键弹簧进行理论设计。(4)田间试验验证。破茬深松联合作业机分别与1GH-130垄作灭茬机和1SZL-7深松机进行对比,其中破茬装置的根茬粉碎率、切割扭矩、刀片磨损量等性能均优于采用了L型刀片的1GH-130垄作灭茬机;深松装置的深松阻力与深松深度稳定性也优于采用了凿型深松铲的1SZL-7深松机。综上试验结果表明,整机的破茬装置能够较好地完成垄上根茬粉碎作业,最低根茬粉碎率为94.1%,切割扭矩相比L型刀片降低了19.1%~21.6%,其作业性能优于传统L型刀片的1GH-130垄作灭茬机;整机的深松装置的深松阻力相比凿型深松铲降低了14.3%~19.5%,在同种作业条件下,其深松深度稳定性也显著优于传统凿型深松铲的1SZL-7深松机。
Abstract
zhong guo dong bei hei tu ou shi shi jie san da hei tu ou zhi yi ,shi wo guo zui chong yao de shang pin liang ji de he yu mi zhu chan ou 。chuan tong geng zuo pin fan geng fan 、de biao luo lou 、tu rang tui hua jia ju ,tong shi jie gan fen shao deng bu ge li de chu li fang shi ,dao zhi wu mai jia chong ,yan chong wei hai le guo jia liang shi an quan he nong ye ke chi xu fa zhan 。tui hang yi jie gan gen cha hai tian 、shao mian geng bo chong 、shen song zheng de wei he xin de bao hu xing geng zuo ji shu ke you xiao bao hu tu rang 、hui fu de li 。dan dong bei hei tu ou leng liang di wen 、geng de gan han ban jie yan chong 、jie gan can cha cu zhuang liang da bu yi fu lan ,chuan tong bao hu xing geng zuo mo shi nan yi quan mian kuo yong 。zhen dui yi shang wen ti ,dong bei de ou cai yong le yi chuan tong long zuo he bao hu xing geng zuo xiang jie ge de xin xing nong yi ji shu ,tong guo long zuo mo shi di gao de wen ,jian shao chong zhi dai ya shi ,tong shi jie ge jie gan can cha guan li 、shen song zheng de deng ji shu ,shi xian gao xiao jie shui 、bao hu tu rang 、zeng chan zeng shou de mu de 。zai long zuo bao hu xing geng zuo ji shu mo shi xia ,qiu ji yu mi shou huo hou hui zai long shang chong zhi ou yu can liu da liang gen cha ,re yi nian shua ze yuan long chong zhi ,wei fu lan de gen cha hui gan rao zheng chang bo chong ,tong shi dong bei hei tu ou shu gao han yi han ou ,tu rang jiang du da ,chang xu yao tong guo shen song zuo ye gai shan tu rang huan jing ,can cha hai hui ying xiang shen song chan de tong guo xing neng ,dao zhi shen song zuo ye zu li zeng da 。yin ci ben wen zhen dui gen cha po chu yu gao xiao shen song lian ge zuo ye de nong yi xu qiu ,jie ge po cha yu shen song jian zu she ji ,she ji le kuo ge long zuo bao hu xing geng zuo ji shu mo shi de po cha shen song lian ge zuo ye ji ,zhu yao yan jiu cheng guo ru xia :(1)ji yu dong tai fang sheng yuan li de po cha zhuang zhi she ji 。gen ju dong ya fei huang kou qi dui zhi wu qian wei ju you gao xiao qie ge gong neng de te dian ,zai jie gou xing tai fang sheng ou yuan de ji chu shang ,jia ru yun dong fang shi fang sheng ou yuan ,she ji chu yi chong ke shi xian shuang po cha dao yi xiang deng su xuan zhuai qie ge zuo ye de dong tai fang sheng po cha zhuang zhi ,ji ke tong shi mo ni chu huang chong kou qi jie gou xing tai yu qie ge zhi wu qian wei shi de yun dong fang shi ,shi xian ou ge fang sheng she ji ;ming que zheng 、fan zhuai po cha dao yun dong guan ji ,de chu zheng zhuai yu fan zhuai po cha dao pian zui jia qie ge chan ti shu liang fen bie wei 6ge he 12ge ;she ji le hang xing chi lun bian su ji gou ,zui zhong que ding chi lun mo shu wei 3 mm,tai yang lun chi shu wei 29,hang xing lun chi shu wei 13,nei chi juan chi shu wei 55,yu liang po cha dao lian jie hou ,ke yi shi xian tong zhou yi xiang xuan zhuai qie ge fang shi ;ji yu Arduinoping tai she ji le zhuai su kong zhi ji tong ,shi ji ju zai zhi dong he jia su guo cheng zhong ,po cha dao reng neng gou yi heng ding su du jin hang gen cha qie ge ;bing gen ju zuo ye te dian ,tong guo li lun fen xi 、shi yan yan zheng deng fang fa ,ming que gai zhuang zhi jie gou he zuo ye can shu dui can cha qie ge xing neng de ying xiang gui lv ,cong er shi xian le di gao ji ju tong guo xing 、gao xiao po sui gen cha de mu de 。(2)ji yu shen song shen du kong zhi ji tong de fang sheng zhen dong shen song zhuang zhi she ji 。tong guo dui shen song chan jian zu te xing yan jiu ,she ji yi chong ji cheng fang sheng jie gou jian zu 、zi ji zhen dong jian zu 、shen song shen du kong zhi de shen song zhuang zhi 。fen xi shen song chan po tu guo cheng ,yi xue tu zhao zhi wei fang sheng yuan xing ,di qu zhao zhi gao xiao po tu qu xian ,bing jiang ji ying yong yu chan bing ren kou jie gou ,shi xian shen song chan bing ren kou de fang sheng jian zu jie gou she ji ;she ji le yi chong ji yu niu huang zhen dong de zi ji shi zhen dong shen song ji gou ,bing dui ji guan jian bu jian jin hang li lun fen xi she ji ,que ding niu huang 、ding wei pan de xiang guan can shu ,shi shen song chan shi xian le zi ji zhen dong jian zu ;fen xi fang sheng zhen dong shen song chan de yun dong guo cheng ,dui shen song shen du jin hang pan duan ,de dao jie guo wei zai shen song zu li jiao da de huan jing xia ,fang sheng zhen dong shen song chan rong yi chu xian shen song shen du bu wen ding de xian xiang ;li yong mo hu kong zhi ji shu shi xian zhi neng suan fa ,she ji le yi tao shen song shen du kong zhi ji tong ,tong guo dui shen song chan shi jia tui li ,di gao chan ti de song tu xing neng ,wen ding shen song chan zuo ye zhuang tai ;tong guo shi yan yan zheng le zheng ge shen song zhuang zhi de jian zu xing neng ,zui gao jiang di zu li 25.3%。(3)dong tai fang sheng po cha shen song lian ge zuo ye ji de she ji 。ju ti bao gua dui ji jia 、dong tai fang sheng po cha zhuang zhi 、ao mian yuan pan qing cha zhuang zhi 、chi lun xiang 、fang sheng zhen dong shen song zhuang zhi deng zhu yao gong zuo bu jian de she ji ,ji zhong ji jia cai yong le zong xiang lian jie de bu zhi fang shi ,bing dui ji jin hang le mo tai fen xi ;gen ju zheng ji jie gou te dian ,she ji le duo ji jian su huan xiang chuan dong fang an ,que ding dong tai fang sheng po cha zhuang zhi you tuo la ji shu chu zhou chuan dong ,bing dui guan jian lian chuan dong jin hang can shu she ji ;bian su xiang cai yong le dui chen chi lun chuan dong fang an ,dui chi lun can shu jin hang she ji ,tong shi dui xiang ti he chi lun zhou jin hang you xian yuan fen xi jiao he ;fen xi ao mian yuan pan qing cha zhuang zhi gong zuo yuan li ,you hua fang xing ji gou yu qing cha yuan pan de jie gou can shu ;gai jin shen song zhuang zhi de zi ji zhen dong fang an ,bing dui guan jian dan huang jin hang li lun she ji 。(4)tian jian shi yan yan zheng 。po cha shen song lian ge zuo ye ji fen bie yu 1GH-130long zuo mie cha ji he 1SZL-7shen song ji jin hang dui bi ,ji zhong po cha zhuang zhi de gen cha fen sui lv 、qie ge niu ju 、dao pian mo sun liang deng xing neng jun you yu cai yong le Lxing dao pian de 1GH-130long zuo mie cha ji ;shen song zhuang zhi de shen song zu li yu shen song shen du wen ding xing ye you yu cai yong le zao xing shen song chan de 1SZL-7shen song ji 。zeng shang shi yan jie guo biao ming ,zheng ji de po cha zhuang zhi neng gou jiao hao de wan cheng long shang gen cha fen sui zuo ye ,zui di gen cha fen sui lv wei 94.1%,qie ge niu ju xiang bi Lxing dao pian jiang di le 19.1%~21.6%,ji zuo ye xing neng you yu chuan tong Lxing dao pian de 1GH-130long zuo mie cha ji ;zheng ji de shen song zhuang zhi de shen song zu li xiang bi zao xing shen song chan jiang di le 14.3%~19.5%,zai tong chong zuo ye tiao jian xia ,ji shen song shen du wen ding xing ye xian zhe you yu chuan tong zao xing shen song chan de 1SZL-7shen song ji 。
论文参考文献
论文详细介绍
论文作者分别是来自吉林大学的郭明卓，发表于刊物吉林大学2019-06-25论文，是一篇关于动态仿生论文,破茬论文,深松论文,联合作业论文,减阻论文,吉林大学2019-06-25论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用，各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载，文章观点不代表本站观点，资料来自吉林大学2019-06-25论文网站，若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权，请联系我们删除。