本文主要研究内容
作者施巍（2019）在《海洋酸化对泥蚶受精的影响及机理研究》一文中研究指出：自工业革命以来,化石燃料燃烧等人类活动导致大气中二氧化碳(CO2)的浓度不断升高,而这其中约有1/4至1/3的CO2被海洋吸收,造成了海水酸度的增加,即“海洋酸化”现象。在海洋中,大多数无脊椎动物在繁殖期直接将配子排放到自然海水中,并在海水中完成受精和发育的全过程。目前,已有大量研究证明海洋酸化会影响多种海洋无脊椎动物的雌雄配子和受精过程。与开阔海域相比,近岸滩涂环境更易受空气中CO2浓度影响,栖息于此的物种也因此更容易被海洋酸化所威胁。但迄今为止,海洋酸化对海洋滩涂贝类受精的影响及其作用机理尚不明晰。泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa)是我国重要的经济养殖滩涂贝类,具有重要的经济价值和生态地位,其广播式繁殖(Broadcastspawning)在海洋无脊椎动物中也极具代表性。因此,本研究通过模拟未来海水pH条件,探究了未来海洋酸化条件(pH 7.8和7.4)对泥蚶受精的影响。首先,本次研究采取了向海水中添加无机酸和加富CO2两种方法模拟未来海洋酸化条件并处理泥蚶配子。实验结果发现,两种方法制备出的酸化海水处理泥甜配子均会显著抑制其受精率,但加富CO2法对泥蚶精子运动能力的影响更大。由于海洋无脊椎动物的受精,按时序主要包括精卵相遇、精卵识别与卵子激活(钙波形成)三个步骤,为了进一步分析海洋酸化影响泥蚶受精的作用机理,本研究通过加富CO2的方法模拟了未来海洋酸化情景,探究了其对上述三个关键步骤的影响。在精卵相遇方面,研究发现海洋酸化会明显削弱精子的运动速度,从而减少精卵碰撞概率。实验中对泥蚶精子进行酸化处理后,其曲线运动速度(VCL),平均路径速度(VAP)和直线速度(VSL)都显著降低。利用受精动力学模型(Fertilization kinetics model)模拟计算得出,若海水pH由8.1降至7.8或7.4时,仅泥蚶精子运动速度的下降就会使其受精率分别降低7.2%或20.8%。由于精子的三磷酸腺苷(ATP)水平与其活力呈显著的正相关,本研究也测定了不同海洋酸化条件下精子的ATP含量及其合成过程中关键酶酶活。结果表明海洋酸化可以通过抑制精子内ATP关键合成酶活性来降低ATP含量,这无疑会造成泥蚶精子运动速度的下降。在精卵融合方面,本研究发现未来海洋酸化会显著降低精卵识别的效率,造成泥蚶精卵融合比例的降低。根据实验所获的泥蚶精卵和受精相关参数,通过受精动力学模型计算得出,泥蚶精卵每次碰撞导致融合的概率(β/β0)在海水pH降至7.8和7.4时会分别下降到正常海水下的69.4%和46.8%。差异蛋白质组学的结果表明,酸化处理后卵膜上多个蛋白的表达水平发生了不同程度的改变,这其中也包括了调控受精相关细胞功能及介导精卵识别与融合的一系列蛋白。结合免疫荧光和荧光定量的结果可以推断,酸化处理后卵膜表面精卵识别与融合相关蛋白表达水平下调是导致泥蚶精卵识别效率降低的重要原因。在卵子激活方面,实验证实海洋酸化会抑制受精过程中卵细胞内钙离子(Ca2+)的波动幅度和浓度峰值。由于受精过程中的卵子激活是一个重要的Ca2+依赖性过程,此过程中卵细胞内Ca2+波动和浓度对卵子激活至关重要。因此,海洋酸化所导致的泥蚶受精过程中卵细胞内钙波形成紊乱将造成泥柑卵子激活失败。此外,荧光定量的结果显示,卵子内Ca2+转运相关蛋白表达受到抑制很有可能是造成海洋酸化条件下卵细胞内钙波生成紊乱的关键原因。综上所述,本研究发现未来海洋酸化条件会导致泥蚶受精率显著降低,主要是通过(1)削弱精子运动速度,减少泥蚶精卵碰撞的概率;(2)阻碍精卵识别,降低精卵每次相遇导致受精的概率;(3)造成卵细胞内Ca2+紊乱,导致卵子无法正常被精子激活。
Abstract
zi gong ye ge ming yi lai ,hua dan ran liao ran shao deng ren lei huo dong dao zhi da qi zhong er yang hua tan (CO2)de nong du bu duan sheng gao ,er zhe ji zhong yao you 1/4zhi 1/3de CO2bei hai xiang xi shou ,zao cheng le hai shui suan du de zeng jia ,ji “hai xiang suan hua ”xian xiang 。zai hai xiang zhong ,da duo shu mo ji chui dong wu zai fan shi ji zhi jie jiang pei zi pai fang dao zi ran hai shui zhong ,bing zai hai shui zhong wan cheng shou jing he fa yo de quan guo cheng 。mu qian ,yi you da liang yan jiu zheng ming hai xiang suan hua hui ying xiang duo chong hai xiang mo ji chui dong wu de ci xiong pei zi he shou jing guo cheng 。yu kai kuo hai yu xiang bi ,jin an tan tu huan jing geng yi shou kong qi zhong CO2nong du ying xiang ,qi xi yu ci de wu chong ye yin ci geng rong yi bei hai xiang suan hua suo wei xie 。dan qi jin wei zhi ,hai xiang suan hua dui hai xiang tan tu bei lei shou jing de ying xiang ji ji zuo yong ji li shang bu ming xi 。ni han (Tegillarca granosa)shi wo guo chong yao de jing ji yang shi tan tu bei lei ,ju you chong yao de jing ji jia zhi he sheng tai de wei ,ji an bo shi fan shi (Broadcastspawning)zai hai xiang mo ji chui dong wu zhong ye ji ju dai biao xing 。yin ci ,ben yan jiu tong guo mo ni wei lai hai shui pHtiao jian ,tan jiu le wei lai hai xiang suan hua tiao jian (pH 7.8he 7.4)dui ni han shou jing de ying xiang 。shou xian ,ben ci yan jiu cai qu le xiang hai shui zhong tian jia mo ji suan he jia fu CO2liang chong fang fa mo ni wei lai hai xiang suan hua tiao jian bing chu li ni han pei zi 。shi yan jie guo fa xian ,liang chong fang fa zhi bei chu de suan hua hai shui chu li ni tian pei zi jun hui xian zhe yi zhi ji shou jing lv ,dan jia fu CO2fa dui ni han jing zi yun dong neng li de ying xiang geng da 。you yu hai xiang mo ji chui dong wu de shou jing ,an shi xu zhu yao bao gua jing luan xiang yu 、jing luan shi bie yu luan zi ji huo (gai bo xing cheng )san ge bu zhou ,wei le jin yi bu fen xi hai xiang suan hua ying xiang ni han shou jing de zuo yong ji li ,ben yan jiu tong guo jia fu CO2de fang fa mo ni le wei lai hai xiang suan hua qing jing ,tan jiu le ji dui shang shu san ge guan jian bu zhou de ying xiang 。zai jing luan xiang yu fang mian ,yan jiu fa xian hai xiang suan hua hui ming xian xiao ruo jing zi de yun dong su du ,cong er jian shao jing luan peng zhuang gai lv 。shi yan zhong dui ni han jing zi jin hang suan hua chu li hou ,ji qu xian yun dong su du (VCL),ping jun lu jing su du (VAP)he zhi xian su du (VSL)dou xian zhe jiang di 。li yong shou jing dong li xue mo xing (Fertilization kinetics model)mo ni ji suan de chu ,re hai shui pHyou 8.1jiang zhi 7.8huo 7.4shi ,jin ni han jing zi yun dong su du de xia jiang jiu hui shi ji shou jing lv fen bie jiang di 7.2%huo 20.8%。you yu jing zi de san lin suan xian gan (ATP)shui ping yu ji huo li cheng xian zhe de zheng xiang guan ,ben yan jiu ye ce ding le bu tong hai xiang suan hua tiao jian xia jing zi de ATPhan liang ji ji ge cheng guo cheng zhong guan jian mei mei huo 。jie guo biao ming hai xiang suan hua ke yi tong guo yi zhi jing zi nei ATPguan jian ge cheng mei huo xing lai jiang di ATPhan liang ,zhe mo yi hui zao cheng ni han jing zi yun dong su du de xia jiang 。zai jing luan rong ge fang mian ,ben yan jiu fa xian wei lai hai xiang suan hua hui xian zhe jiang di jing luan shi bie de xiao lv ,zao cheng ni han jing luan rong ge bi li de jiang di 。gen ju shi yan suo huo de ni han jing luan he shou jing xiang guan can shu ,tong guo shou jing dong li xue mo xing ji suan de chu ,ni han jing luan mei ci peng zhuang dao zhi rong ge de gai lv (β/β0)zai hai shui pHjiang zhi 7.8he 7.4shi hui fen bie xia jiang dao zheng chang hai shui xia de 69.4%he 46.8%。cha yi dan bai zhi zu xue de jie guo biao ming ,suan hua chu li hou luan mo shang duo ge dan bai de biao da shui ping fa sheng le bu tong cheng du de gai bian ,zhe ji zhong ye bao gua le diao kong shou jing xiang guan xi bao gong neng ji jie dao jing luan shi bie yu rong ge de yi ji lie dan bai 。jie ge mian yi ying guang he ying guang ding liang de jie guo ke yi tui duan ,suan hua chu li hou luan mo biao mian jing luan shi bie yu rong ge xiang guan dan bai biao da shui ping xia diao shi dao zhi ni han jing luan shi bie xiao lv jiang di de chong yao yuan yin 。zai luan zi ji huo fang mian ,shi yan zheng shi hai xiang suan hua hui yi zhi shou jing guo cheng zhong luan xi bao nei gai li zi (Ca2+)de bo dong fu du he nong du feng zhi 。you yu shou jing guo cheng zhong de luan zi ji huo shi yi ge chong yao de Ca2+yi lai xing guo cheng ,ci guo cheng zhong luan xi bao nei Ca2+bo dong he nong du dui luan zi ji huo zhi guan chong yao 。yin ci ,hai xiang suan hua suo dao zhi de ni han shou jing guo cheng zhong luan xi bao nei gai bo xing cheng wen luan jiang zao cheng ni gan luan zi ji huo shi bai 。ci wai ,ying guang ding liang de jie guo xian shi ,luan zi nei Ca2+zhuai yun xiang guan dan bai biao da shou dao yi zhi hen you ke neng shi zao cheng hai xiang suan hua tiao jian xia luan xi bao nei gai bo sheng cheng wen luan de guan jian yuan yin 。zeng shang suo shu ,ben yan jiu fa xian wei lai hai xiang suan hua tiao jian hui dao zhi ni han shou jing lv xian zhe jiang di ,zhu yao shi tong guo (1)xiao ruo jing zi yun dong su du ,jian shao ni han jing luan peng zhuang de gai lv ;(2)zu ai jing luan shi bie ,jiang di jing luan mei ci xiang yu dao zhi shou jing de gai lv ;(3)zao cheng luan xi bao nei Ca2+wen luan ,dao zhi luan zi mo fa zheng chang bei jing zi ji huo 。
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论文作者分别是来自浙江大学的施巍，发表于刊物浙江大学2019-09-16论文，是一篇关于海洋酸化论文,泥蚶论文,受精论文,精卵碰撞论文,精卵识别论文,钙波形成论文,浙江大学2019-09-16论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用，各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载，文章观点不代表本站观点，资料来自浙江大学2019-09-16论文网站，若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权，请联系我们删除。
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