本文主要研究内容
作者葛孟甜（2019）在《不同生境模式的中华绒螯蟹品质评价及即食蟹产品的加工工艺优化》一文中研究指出：中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)又名河蟹,是我国重要的水产养殖品种之一,因其独特的风味、良好的营养品质而具有很高的经济价值。然而由于养殖条件和养殖方式的差异,不同生境模式出产的河蟹品质各不相同,但人们对于这些差异因素并不是十分了解。同时,随着河蟹产业的可持续健康发展,迫切需要人们对河蟹的品质有一个更深入的了解,以期为优质河蟹品质评价标准的建立提供基础资料。此外,当前国内河蟹主要是以生鲜或预煮制品的形式销售,限制了销售市场,因此研发和优化深加工即食蟹产品不仅可以提高河蟹产品的附加值,同时也为河蟹产品的生产、加工和综合利用开拓一条新的道路。本文首先对四种生境模式(稻田、湖泊、长江、池塘)雌、雄河蟹三种可食用组织(肝胰腺、性腺和肌肉)的营养成分进行分析和比较;其次,采用电子鼻(E-nose)结合顶空固相微萃取-气质联用技术(HS-SPME-GC-MS)对四种不同生境模式河蟹的挥发性风味物质进行定性定量分析;再次,以小规格河蟹为原料,研究开发蒸煮全蟹软罐头即食产品,同时监测贮藏过程中产品品质的变化并预测货架期;最后,对传统醉蟹工艺进行优化,降低其盐含量,同时监测低盐与传统醉蟹贮藏过程中的品质变化并预测货架期。主要研究结果如下:(1)四种不同生境模式河蟹三种可食用组织各自之间的基本成分无明显差异,河蟹性腺中蛋白质含量最高,尤其是雌蟹,河蟹肝胰腺脂肪含量最低。河蟹肝胰腺的矿物质总量最高,其次为性腺和肌肉,长江河蟹富含铜元素,池塘河蟹富含铁元素,湖泊雌蟹富含磷元素。河蟹三种可食用组织中氨基酸总量的规律与蛋白质一致,且肌肉中氨基酸品质最优,其中长江河蟹肌肉氨基酸的营养价值最高。总体来看河蟹肌肉的UFA和PUFA含量最高,其次为性腺和肝胰腺,α-亚麻酸在三种可食用组织的脂肪酸总量中均占据主导地位,长江河蟹肌肉和性腺的脂肪酸营养价值最高,湖泊河蟹肝胰腺的脂肪酸营养价值最高。(2)在四种不同生境模式河蟹的三种可食用组织中,除稻田河蟹外,同种生境模式雄蟹的总挥发性成分含量均高于雌蟹,且同种生境模式河蟹的肝胰腺总挥发性成分含量总高于肌肉和性腺。醛类化合物是河蟹挥发性风味的主体化合物。在四种生境模式河蟹肌肉中共检测出57种化合物:醛类14种、酮类5种、酯类5种、烃类芳香族20种、醇类8种、含O类5种,其中壬醛、癸醛和十六醛对河蟹肌肉香气轮廓贡献显著。长江雌蟹肌肉风味独特,其它蟹肉风味呈现一定相似性。在四种生境模式河蟹的性腺中共检测出77种化合物:醛类23种、酮类4种、酯类7种、烃类芳香族32种、醇类7种、含O类4种,其中壬醛、癸醛和十六醛和2-戊基呋喃对河蟹性腺香气轮廓贡献显著。稻田和湖泊雄蟹性腺的风味相近,长江河蟹性腺风味较独特,而且长江雄蟹性腺风味相对较优质。在四种生境模式河蟹的肝胰腺中共检测出71种化合物:醛类22种、酮类3种、酯类5种、烃类芳香族26种、醇类8种、含O类7种,其中苯甲醛、苯乙醛、2-辛烯醛、壬醛、和2,4癸二烯醛对河蟹肝胰腺香气轮廓贡献显著。长江河蟹及池塘雌蟹肝胰腺的风味较为独特,且长江雄蟹肝胰腺风味相对较优。(3)设计清蒸全蟹软罐头工艺流程,并采用单因素试验和正交试验进一步优化产品加工工艺,确定清蒸全蟹的最佳汤汁成分的配比为固液比3:1,盐2%,盐糖比4:1,增鲜剂0.0045%,味精0.06%,大葱0.5%,大蒜1%,食用油1%。初步建立清蒸全蟹的营养卫生标准,通过分析知本产品符合相关营养卫生标准。在37℃贮藏期间,清蒸全蟹软罐头的pH值和菌落总数未超过限定值,感官评分到第21 d接近感官极限,但TVB-N在第21 d已超过限定值,故确定其货架期为18 d。采用本工艺制作出的清蒸全蟹软罐头产品色泽鲜红、蟹香浓郁,具有广阔的市场前景。(4)以菌落总数为指标,对传统醉蟹加工工艺进行优化,确定低盐醉蟹最佳工艺如下:1)选用经暂养肠道干净的鲜活蟹作为腌制醉蟹的原料;2)使用75%食用酒精对原料蟹浸泡1 h杀菌处理;3)采用盐含量为9%的卤液腌制醉蟹,产品4℃贮藏。初步建立低盐醉蟹的营养卫生标准,通过分析知本产品符合相关营养卫生标准。在贮藏期间,低盐与传统醉蟹品质变化较为相似,即pH和TVB-N未超过限定值,然而感官评分到第21 d接近感官极限,菌落总数变化与感官评定结果一致,确定2种醉蟹货架期均为21 d。低盐醉蟹工艺大大减少了腌制时食盐的使用量,克服了传统醉蟹依赖添加较多的食盐防止微生物滋养、肉质腐败等传统工艺存在的缺陷,制得的低盐醉蟹盐含量仅为5.6%,比传统醉蟹降低了29.1%。
Abstract
zhong hua rong ao xie (Eriocheir sinensis)you ming he xie ,shi wo guo chong yao de shui chan yang shi pin chong zhi yi ,yin ji du te de feng wei 、liang hao de ying yang pin zhi er ju you hen gao de jing ji jia zhi 。ran er you yu yang shi tiao jian he yang shi fang shi de cha yi ,bu tong sheng jing mo shi chu chan de he xie pin zhi ge bu xiang tong ,dan ren men dui yu zhe xie cha yi yin su bing bu shi shi fen le jie 。tong shi ,sui zhao he xie chan ye de ke chi xu jian kang fa zhan ,pai qie xu yao ren men dui he xie de pin zhi you yi ge geng shen ru de le jie ,yi ji wei you zhi he xie pin zhi ping jia biao zhun de jian li di gong ji chu zi liao 。ci wai ,dang qian guo nei he xie zhu yao shi yi sheng xian huo yu zhu zhi pin de xing shi xiao shou ,xian zhi le xiao shou shi chang ,yin ci yan fa he you hua shen jia gong ji shi xie chan pin bu jin ke yi di gao he xie chan pin de fu jia zhi ,tong shi ye wei he xie chan pin de sheng chan 、jia gong he zeng ge li yong kai ta yi tiao xin de dao lu 。ben wen shou xian dui si chong sheng jing mo shi (dao tian 、hu bo 、chang jiang 、chi tang )ci 、xiong he xie san chong ke shi yong zu zhi (gan yi xian 、xing xian he ji rou )de ying yang cheng fen jin hang fen xi he bi jiao ;ji ci ,cai yong dian zi bi (E-nose)jie ge ding kong gu xiang wei cui qu -qi zhi lian yong ji shu (HS-SPME-GC-MS)dui si chong bu tong sheng jing mo shi he xie de hui fa xing feng wei wu zhi jin hang ding xing ding liang fen xi ;zai ci ,yi xiao gui ge he xie wei yuan liao ,yan jiu kai fa zheng zhu quan xie ruan guan tou ji shi chan pin ,tong shi jian ce zhu cang guo cheng zhong chan pin pin zhi de bian hua bing yu ce huo jia ji ;zui hou ,dui chuan tong zui xie gong yi jin hang you hua ,jiang di ji yan han liang ,tong shi jian ce di yan yu chuan tong zui xie zhu cang guo cheng zhong de pin zhi bian hua bing yu ce huo jia ji 。zhu yao yan jiu jie guo ru xia :(1)si chong bu tong sheng jing mo shi he xie san chong ke shi yong zu zhi ge zi zhi jian de ji ben cheng fen mo ming xian cha yi ,he xie xing xian zhong dan bai zhi han liang zui gao ,you ji shi ci xie ,he xie gan yi xian zhi fang han liang zui di 。he xie gan yi xian de kuang wu zhi zong liang zui gao ,ji ci wei xing xian he ji rou ,chang jiang he xie fu han tong yuan su ,chi tang he xie fu han tie yuan su ,hu bo ci xie fu han lin yuan su 。he xie san chong ke shi yong zu zhi zhong an ji suan zong liang de gui lv yu dan bai zhi yi zhi ,ju ji rou zhong an ji suan pin zhi zui you ,ji zhong chang jiang he xie ji rou an ji suan de ying yang jia zhi zui gao 。zong ti lai kan he xie ji rou de UFAhe PUFAhan liang zui gao ,ji ci wei xing xian he gan yi xian ,α-ya ma suan zai san chong ke shi yong zu zhi de zhi fang suan zong liang zhong jun zhan ju zhu dao de wei ,chang jiang he xie ji rou he xing xian de zhi fang suan ying yang jia zhi zui gao ,hu bo he xie gan yi xian de zhi fang suan ying yang jia zhi zui gao 。(2)zai si chong bu tong sheng jing mo shi he xie de san chong ke shi yong zu zhi zhong ,chu dao tian he xie wai ,tong chong sheng jing mo shi xiong xie de zong hui fa xing cheng fen han liang jun gao yu ci xie ,ju tong chong sheng jing mo shi he xie de gan yi xian zong hui fa xing cheng fen han liang zong gao yu ji rou he xing xian 。quan lei hua ge wu shi he xie hui fa xing feng wei de zhu ti hua ge wu 。zai si chong sheng jing mo shi he xie ji rou zhong gong jian ce chu 57chong hua ge wu :quan lei 14chong 、tong lei 5chong 、zhi lei 5chong 、ting lei fang xiang zu 20chong 、chun lei 8chong 、han Olei 5chong ,ji zhong ren quan 、gui quan he shi liu quan dui he xie ji rou xiang qi lun kuo gong suo xian zhe 。chang jiang ci xie ji rou feng wei du te ,ji ta xie rou feng wei cheng xian yi ding xiang shi xing 。zai si chong sheng jing mo shi he xie de xing xian zhong gong jian ce chu 77chong hua ge wu :quan lei 23chong 、tong lei 4chong 、zhi lei 7chong 、ting lei fang xiang zu 32chong 、chun lei 7chong 、han Olei 4chong ,ji zhong ren quan 、gui quan he shi liu quan he 2-wu ji fu nan dui he xie xing xian xiang qi lun kuo gong suo xian zhe 。dao tian he hu bo xiong xie xing xian de feng wei xiang jin ,chang jiang he xie xing xian feng wei jiao du te ,er ju chang jiang xiong xie xing xian feng wei xiang dui jiao you zhi 。zai si chong sheng jing mo shi he xie de gan yi xian zhong gong jian ce chu 71chong hua ge wu :quan lei 22chong 、tong lei 3chong 、zhi lei 5chong 、ting lei fang xiang zu 26chong 、chun lei 8chong 、han Olei 7chong ,ji zhong ben jia quan 、ben yi quan 、2-xin xi quan 、ren quan 、he 2,4gui er xi quan dui he xie gan yi xian xiang qi lun kuo gong suo xian zhe 。chang jiang he xie ji chi tang ci xie gan yi xian de feng wei jiao wei du te ,ju chang jiang xiong xie gan yi xian feng wei xiang dui jiao you 。(3)she ji qing zheng quan xie ruan guan tou gong yi liu cheng ,bing cai yong chan yin su shi yan he zheng jiao shi yan jin yi bu you hua chan pin jia gong gong yi ,que ding qing zheng quan xie de zui jia shang zhi cheng fen de pei bi wei gu ye bi 3:1,yan 2%,yan tang bi 4:1,zeng xian ji 0.0045%,wei jing 0.06%,da cong 0.5%,da suan 1%,shi yong you 1%。chu bu jian li qing zheng quan xie de ying yang wei sheng biao zhun ,tong guo fen xi zhi ben chan pin fu ge xiang guan ying yang wei sheng biao zhun 。zai 37℃zhu cang ji jian ,qing zheng quan xie ruan guan tou de pHzhi he jun la zong shu wei chao guo xian ding zhi ,gan guan ping fen dao di 21 djie jin gan guan ji xian ,dan TVB-Nzai di 21 dyi chao guo xian ding zhi ,gu que ding ji huo jia ji wei 18 d。cai yong ben gong yi zhi zuo chu de qing zheng quan xie ruan guan tou chan pin se ze xian gong 、xie xiang nong yu ,ju you an kuo de shi chang qian jing 。(4)yi jun la zong shu wei zhi biao ,dui chuan tong zui xie jia gong gong yi jin hang you hua ,que ding di yan zui xie zui jia gong yi ru xia :1)shua yong jing zan yang chang dao gan jing de xian huo xie zuo wei a zhi zui xie de yuan liao ;2)shi yong 75%shi yong jiu jing dui yuan liao xie jin pao 1 hsha jun chu li ;3)cai yong yan han liang wei 9%de lu ye a zhi zui xie ,chan pin 4℃zhu cang 。chu bu jian li di yan zui xie de ying yang wei sheng biao zhun ,tong guo fen xi zhi ben chan pin fu ge xiang guan ying yang wei sheng biao zhun 。zai zhu cang ji jian ,di yan yu chuan tong zui xie pin zhi bian hua jiao wei xiang shi ,ji pHhe TVB-Nwei chao guo xian ding zhi ,ran er gan guan ping fen dao di 21 djie jin gan guan ji xian ,jun la zong shu bian hua yu gan guan ping ding jie guo yi zhi ,que ding 2chong zui xie huo jia ji jun wei 21 d。di yan zui xie gong yi da da jian shao le a zhi shi shi yan de shi yong liang ,ke fu le chuan tong zui xie yi lai tian jia jiao duo de shi yan fang zhi wei sheng wu zi yang 、rou zhi fu bai deng chuan tong gong yi cun zai de que xian ,zhi de de di yan zui xie yan han liang jin wei 5.6%,bi chuan tong zui xie jiang di le 29.1%。
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论文作者分别是来自合肥工业大学的葛孟甜，发表于刊物合肥工业大学2019-09-20论文，是一篇关于中华绒螯蟹论文,营养成分论文,挥发性风味物质论文,即食蟹产品论文,合肥工业大学2019-09-20论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用，各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载，文章观点不代表本站观点，资料来自合肥工业大学2019-09-20论文网站，若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权，请联系我们删除。
标签：中华绒螯蟹论文; 营养成分论文; 挥发性风味物质论文; 即食蟹产品论文; 合肥工业大学2019-09-20论文;