本文主要研究内容
作者王东旺(2019)在《水肥耦合对机采棉生长及产量的影响研究》一文中研究指出:新疆棉花种植历史久远,为我们国家最大的产棉大省。随着现代机械化、种植集约化的推广,机采棉种植得到大面积推广。为进行不同水肥耦合对机采棉生长效应的研究。以机采棉为试验材料开展测坑试验,设置3个灌水量(W1:2160m3/hm2、W2:2880 m3/hm2、W3:3600 m3/hm2)和3个施肥量(F1:150-60-30、F2:250-100-50、F3:350-140-70kg/hm2,N-P2O5-K2O比列为1:0.4:0.2)进行正交耦合试验,分析了不同水肥耦合对机采棉生长及产量的效应得出如下结论:(1)在各施肥水平下,不同处理机采棉株高、茎粗和叶面积随灌水量的增加而增长。同一灌溉水平下,随着施肥的增多,机采棉株高、茎粗、棉铃总数呈先上升后降低变化,适量施肥有助于棉花株高、株茎的增加,但超过一定水平时,施肥会对株高、株茎有抑制作用,在灌水(W1)下棉花生长受到水分胁迫,相同施肥水平下灌水对株高、株茎的影响为W3>W2>W1。从不同滴灌施肥处理来看,F2W3组合株高、株茎最大,W1F3处理最小。同株高和株茎相似,在相同施肥量下灌溉对叶面积指数的效应为W3>W2>W1;随着施肥水平的增多,叶面积指数先上升后降低;从不同水肥处理得出,W2F2、W2F3、W3F2叶面积指数分别为3.6、3.8、3.7,符合高产棉花的叶面积指数。(2)随着生长进程的推进,棉花干物质总量增长迅速并且在8月份到达峰值。机采棉地上部干物质总量的变化规律总体上呈现“S”型变化;在同一灌水量下,机采棉地上部干物质量随施肥水平的增长而增长,施肥量F2、F3下机采棉干物质量显著高于F1处理,棉花收获期根干物质量随施肥量的增多先上升后减低,在施肥水平F2下到达峰值,其中F2W2水肥处理棉花根干物质量相较其它最大为4.7g/株。棉花有效铃数、百铃质量在低灌水水平(W1)、中灌水水平(W2)下随施肥量的增加呈增加趋势;在高等灌溉水平(W3)下,棉花有效铃数随施肥量的增多先上升后减低,百铃质量在F2、F3施肥量下差异不显著;在F1施肥处理下,棉花百铃质量、有效铃数随灌水量的增加而增加,F2、F3施肥处理下,机采棉有效铃数、百铃质量随灌溉量增加增长缓慢。(3)在中水、高水灌溉水平下,机采棉根冠比随施肥量的增长总体上呈现降低效应。在同一灌水水平下,PFP随施肥量的增加总体上呈现下降趋势;在相同施肥量下,肥料偏生产力随灌水的增多略有上升,当施肥F3时,灌水处理W2、W3PFP区别较小。在W1、W2灌水水平下,水分利用效率随施肥量的增加逐渐减小;在W3灌水水平下,水分利用效率随施肥量的增加先增大后减小;机采棉地上部干物质累积量与水分利用效率呈现二次抛物线关系,机采棉地上部干物质量与籽棉产量呈现一次线性关系。不同水氮处理对机采棉籽棉产量产生了一定影响,在设计水平范围内灌水量的正效应和负效应都相对明显,而施氮量的正效应明显,负效应平缓,二因素对籽棉产量的作用顺序为:氮肥施入量>灌溉水量,水肥之间具有协同效应。各因素最佳组合为:当灌溉水量(W)为3120.5m3/hm2,氮肥施入量(N)为292.6kg/hm2时,此时籽棉产量为6082.5 kg/hm2。(4)在同一施肥水平下,土壤含水率随灌水量的增加而增加。土壤硝态氮主要集中在深度0-40cm处,随土层深度的增加土壤硝态氮含量逐渐下降,各水平处理土壤硝态氮大部分聚集在0-15cm之间;W1处理下,硝态氮聚集在土体表层向下运动较少;W2处理下,土壤中硝态氮利用率高使得土层中硝态氮含量降低;W3处理下,水分充足造成肥料向下运移明显,进而造成深层硝态氮含量的增加;W2F2处理土壤硝态氮分布深度40-80cm处,棉花根系主要分布在此范围利于棉花对养分的吸收。
Abstract
xin jiang mian hua chong zhi li shi jiu yuan ,wei wo men guo jia zui da de chan mian da sheng 。sui zhao xian dai ji xie hua 、chong zhi ji yao hua de tui an ,ji cai mian chong zhi de dao da mian ji tui an 。wei jin hang bu tong shui fei ou ge dui ji cai mian sheng chang xiao ying de yan jiu 。yi ji cai mian wei shi yan cai liao kai zhan ce keng shi yan ,she zhi 3ge guan shui liang (W1:2160m3/hm2、W2:2880 m3/hm2、W3:3600 m3/hm2)he 3ge shi fei liang (F1:150-60-30、F2:250-100-50、F3:350-140-70kg/hm2,N-P2O5-K2Obi lie wei 1:0.4:0.2)jin hang zheng jiao ou ge shi yan ,fen xi le bu tong shui fei ou ge dui ji cai mian sheng chang ji chan liang de xiao ying de chu ru xia jie lun :(1)zai ge shi fei shui ping xia ,bu tong chu li ji cai mian zhu gao 、jing cu he xie mian ji sui guan shui liang de zeng jia er zeng chang 。tong yi guan gai shui ping xia ,sui zhao shi fei de zeng duo ,ji cai mian zhu gao 、jing cu 、mian ling zong shu cheng xian shang sheng hou jiang di bian hua ,kuo liang shi fei you zhu yu mian hua zhu gao 、zhu jing de zeng jia ,dan chao guo yi ding shui ping shi ,shi fei hui dui zhu gao 、zhu jing you yi zhi zuo yong ,zai guan shui (W1)xia mian hua sheng chang shou dao shui fen xie pai ,xiang tong shi fei shui ping xia guan shui dui zhu gao 、zhu jing de ying xiang wei W3>W2>W1。cong bu tong di guan shi fei chu li lai kan ,F2W3zu ge zhu gao 、zhu jing zui da ,W1F3chu li zui xiao 。tong zhu gao he zhu jing xiang shi ,zai xiang tong shi fei liang xia guan gai dui xie mian ji zhi shu de xiao ying wei W3>W2>W1;sui zhao shi fei shui ping de zeng duo ,xie mian ji zhi shu xian shang sheng hou jiang di ;cong bu tong shui fei chu li de chu ,W2F2、W2F3、W3F2xie mian ji zhi shu fen bie wei 3.6、3.8、3.7,fu ge gao chan mian hua de xie mian ji zhi shu 。(2)sui zhao sheng chang jin cheng de tui jin ,mian hua gan wu zhi zong liang zeng chang xun su bing ju zai 8yue fen dao da feng zhi 。ji cai mian de shang bu gan wu zhi zong liang de bian hua gui lv zong ti shang cheng xian “S”xing bian hua ;zai tong yi guan shui liang xia ,ji cai mian de shang bu gan wu zhi liang sui shi fei shui ping de zeng chang er zeng chang ,shi fei liang F2、F3xia ji cai mian gan wu zhi liang xian zhe gao yu F1chu li ,mian hua shou huo ji gen gan wu zhi liang sui shi fei liang de zeng duo xian shang sheng hou jian di ,zai shi fei shui ping F2xia dao da feng zhi ,ji zhong F2W2shui fei chu li mian hua gen gan wu zhi liang xiang jiao ji ta zui da wei 4.7g/zhu 。mian hua you xiao ling shu 、bai ling zhi liang zai di guan shui shui ping (W1)、zhong guan shui shui ping (W2)xia sui shi fei liang de zeng jia cheng zeng jia qu shi ;zai gao deng guan gai shui ping (W3)xia ,mian hua you xiao ling shu sui shi fei liang de zeng duo xian shang sheng hou jian di ,bai ling zhi liang zai F2、F3shi fei liang xia cha yi bu xian zhe ;zai F1shi fei chu li xia ,mian hua bai ling zhi liang 、you xiao ling shu sui guan shui liang de zeng jia er zeng jia ,F2、F3shi fei chu li xia ,ji cai mian you xiao ling shu 、bai ling zhi liang sui guan gai liang zeng jia zeng chang huan man 。(3)zai zhong shui 、gao shui guan gai shui ping xia ,ji cai mian gen guan bi sui shi fei liang de zeng chang zong ti shang cheng xian jiang di xiao ying 。zai tong yi guan shui shui ping xia ,PFPsui shi fei liang de zeng jia zong ti shang cheng xian xia jiang qu shi ;zai xiang tong shi fei liang xia ,fei liao pian sheng chan li sui guan shui de zeng duo lve you shang sheng ,dang shi fei F3shi ,guan shui chu li W2、W3PFPou bie jiao xiao 。zai W1、W2guan shui shui ping xia ,shui fen li yong xiao lv sui shi fei liang de zeng jia zhu jian jian xiao ;zai W3guan shui shui ping xia ,shui fen li yong xiao lv sui shi fei liang de zeng jia xian zeng da hou jian xiao ;ji cai mian de shang bu gan wu zhi lei ji liang yu shui fen li yong xiao lv cheng xian er ci pao wu xian guan ji ,ji cai mian de shang bu gan wu zhi liang yu zi mian chan liang cheng xian yi ci xian xing guan ji 。bu tong shui dan chu li dui ji cai mian zi mian chan liang chan sheng le yi ding ying xiang ,zai she ji shui ping fan wei nei guan shui liang de zheng xiao ying he fu xiao ying dou xiang dui ming xian ,er shi dan liang de zheng xiao ying ming xian ,fu xiao ying ping huan ,er yin su dui zi mian chan liang de zuo yong shun xu wei :dan fei shi ru liang >guan gai shui liang ,shui fei zhi jian ju you xie tong xiao ying 。ge yin su zui jia zu ge wei :dang guan gai shui liang (W)wei 3120.5m3/hm2,dan fei shi ru liang (N)wei 292.6kg/hm2shi ,ci shi zi mian chan liang wei 6082.5 kg/hm2。(4)zai tong yi shi fei shui ping xia ,tu rang han shui lv sui guan shui liang de zeng jia er zeng jia 。tu rang xiao tai dan zhu yao ji zhong zai shen du 0-40cmchu ,sui tu ceng shen du de zeng jia tu rang xiao tai dan han liang zhu jian xia jiang ,ge shui ping chu li tu rang xiao tai dan da bu fen ju ji zai 0-15cmzhi jian ;W1chu li xia ,xiao tai dan ju ji zai tu ti biao ceng xiang xia yun dong jiao shao ;W2chu li xia ,tu rang zhong xiao tai dan li yong lv gao shi de tu ceng zhong xiao tai dan han liang jiang di ;W3chu li xia ,shui fen chong zu zao cheng fei liao xiang xia yun yi ming xian ,jin er zao cheng shen ceng xiao tai dan han liang de zeng jia ;W2F2chu li tu rang xiao tai dan fen bu shen du 40-80cmchu ,mian hua gen ji zhu yao fen bu zai ci fan wei li yu mian hua dui yang fen de xi shou 。
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论文作者分别是来自石河子大学的王东旺,发表于刊物石河子大学2019-09-26论文,是一篇关于机采棉论文,滴灌施肥量论文,产量论文,干物质量论文,水肥利用效率论文,石河子大学2019-09-26论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用,各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载,文章观点不代表本站观点,资料来自石河子大学2019-09-26论文网站,若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权,请联系我们删除。
标签:机采棉论文; 滴灌施肥量论文; 产量论文; 干物质量论文; 水肥利用效率论文; 石河子大学2019-09-26论文;