本文主要研究内容
作者方东亚（2019）在《改性笋头膳食纤维的结构、功能性质及在酸奶中的应用研究》一文中研究指出：竹笋是一类富含膳食纤维的健康食品,国内外研究证明竹笋膳食纤维具有促进脂代谢、控制体重和调节肠道菌群等健康功效。笋头是竹笋加工过程中未被利用的加工副产物,可作为一种廉价且来源丰富的笋膳食纤维制备原料。然而,传统方法制备的笋头膳食纤维（BDF）溶解度低、纤维粒径大、口感粗糙,添加至食品中易对其品质造成不良的影响,进而限制了其在食品产业中的应用。因此,本研究通过不同的改性方法降低笋头膳食纤维的粒径,改善其结构和功能特性,并初步探索笋头改性膳食纤维在食品中的应用。通过复合酶法（EBDF）和酶解-动态高压微射流联合方法（DBDF）分别对笋头膳食纤维进行改性处理,并通过X衍射、红外光谱、核磁共振和吸附性测定等方法分析并比较了BDF、EBDF和DBDF的结构和理化性质的变化。最后,在研究了BDF、EBDF和DBDF的体外益生元功效的基础上,探索了其在纤维强化酸奶中的应用潜力。主要研究结果如下:（1）笋头膳食纤维改性工艺的优化以降低纤维粒径为目标,对笋头膳食纤维的复合酶法改性工艺进行优化。考察复合酶添加量、酶解温度、时间和pH值对膳食纤维粒径的影响,通过响应面法优化得到的最优的复合酶解改性工艺为:复合酶添加量0.20%（纤维素酶:木聚糖酶=1:1）,酶解温度47℃,酶解时间2.0 h,pH值5.4。所制备的EBDF粒径指数D90值为97.2±0.14μm。以EBDF为原料,经过动态高压微射流法进一步改性处理,得到的DBDF的粒径指数D90低至64.3±2.94μm。（2）改性处理对笋头膳食纤维的结构及功能特性的影响与未经处理的BDF比较,经过改性处理的EBDF和DBDF的理化特性,包括持水力、持油力、膨胀力、阳离子吸附能力、胆固醇吸附能力、胆酸盐吸附能力、粘度等,均得到显著增强,说明改性处理,尤其是酶解-动态高压微射流联合方法能有效改善膳食纤维的功能特性。热特性和粘度分析结果表明,DBDF的热稳定性和粘度高于EBDF和BDF。通过环境扫描电镜可观察到经过改性处理的EBDF、DBDF的纤维结构变松散,尤其是DBDF的纤维表面上的孔状结构显著增加,并使纤维呈出网状结构。X衍射及固体核磁共振结果表明,BDF、EBDF和DBDF均呈典型的Ⅰ型纤维素谱图,结晶度按由大到小排序为:DBDF>EBDF>BDF。傅里叶红外光谱分析结果表明,改性处理去除了笋头膳食纤维中的部分无定型组分。（3）改性处理对笋头膳食纤维的益生元功效的影响以长双歧杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌为研究对象,分别在无糖MRS基础培养基中添加等量（20 mg/mL）BDF、EBDF、DBDF、菊粉和葡萄糖,测定培养基中的益生菌数量和pH值的动态变化,从而分析改性膳食纤维的体外益生元功效。相对于BDF、EBDF和DBDF,葡萄糖或菊粉能在初期的24 h或36 h内快速促进益生菌生长并达到最高值,随后由于碳源供应不足和培养基酸度的增加,益生菌数量快速下降。BDF、EBDF和DBDF的化学结构更加复杂,且粗糙的纤维表面为益生菌提供更多的表面附着区域,有利于在培养过程中持久稳定地为益生菌的生长提供碳源。培养72 h后,DBDF作为碳源的培养基中益生菌数量最多。不同的碳源对长双歧杆菌及嗜酸乳杆菌产短链脂肪酸的促进作用存在显著差异。添加葡萄糖及菊粉能更好地促进益生菌产生乳酸、乙酸和丙酸,而BDF、EBDF和DBDF的添加则有利于丁酸的产生。与BDF和EBDF比较,DBDF作为碳源最有利于益生菌产生短链脂肪酸。（4）改性笋头膳食纤维在纤维强化酸奶中的应用在酸奶中添加膳食纤维有利于改善酸奶品质及功能特性。在酸奶中分别添加1%（w/w）BDF,EBDF或DBDF,并以添加1%（w/w）葡萄糖或菊粉作为对照,以粘度、pH值和酸度的动态变化为指标,结合感观分析,研究膳食纤维对酸奶品质特性的影响。对酸奶的酸度和pH值测定的结果表明,葡萄糖酸奶酸度最高,菊粉酸奶次之,而在三个膳食纤维样品中,EBDF酸奶的酸度最低。添加膳食纤维能显著提高酸奶的粘度和持水力,且按照由高到低的排序均为:DBDF>EBDF>BDF。酸奶感官分析结果表明,添加膳食纤维可以减少乳清析出,且未对酸奶的香气造成影响。但是,由于BDF和EBDF较大的纤维粒径,添加至酸奶中形成了粗糙的口感,并产生不同程度的沉淀,影响酸奶的感官品质。而DBDF由于其纤维粒径最小,添加DBDF对纤维强化酸奶的口感影响最小。
Abstract
zhu sun shi yi lei fu han shan shi qian wei de jian kang shi pin ,guo nei wai yan jiu zheng ming zhu sun shan shi qian wei ju you cu jin zhi dai xie 、kong zhi ti chong he diao jie chang dao jun qun deng jian kang gong xiao 。sun tou shi zhu sun jia gong guo cheng zhong wei bei li yong de jia gong fu chan wu ,ke zuo wei yi chong lian jia ju lai yuan feng fu de sun shan shi qian wei zhi bei yuan liao 。ran er ,chuan tong fang fa zhi bei de sun tou shan shi qian wei （BDF）rong jie du di 、qian wei li jing da 、kou gan cu cao ,tian jia zhi shi pin zhong yi dui ji pin zhi zao cheng bu liang de ying xiang ,jin er xian zhi le ji zai shi pin chan ye zhong de ying yong 。yin ci ,ben yan jiu tong guo bu tong de gai xing fang fa jiang di sun tou shan shi qian wei de li jing ,gai shan ji jie gou he gong neng te xing ,bing chu bu tan suo sun tou gai xing shan shi qian wei zai shi pin zhong de ying yong 。tong guo fu ge mei fa （EBDF）he mei jie -dong tai gao ya wei she liu lian ge fang fa （DBDF）fen bie dui sun tou shan shi qian wei jin hang gai xing chu li ,bing tong guo Xyan she 、gong wai guang pu 、he ci gong zhen he xi fu xing ce ding deng fang fa fen xi bing bi jiao le BDF、EBDFhe DBDFde jie gou he li hua xing zhi de bian hua 。zui hou ,zai yan jiu le BDF、EBDFhe DBDFde ti wai yi sheng yuan gong xiao de ji chu shang ,tan suo le ji zai qian wei jiang hua suan nai zhong de ying yong qian li 。zhu yao yan jiu jie guo ru xia :（1）sun tou shan shi qian wei gai xing gong yi de you hua yi jiang di qian wei li jing wei mu biao ,dui sun tou shan shi qian wei de fu ge mei fa gai xing gong yi jin hang you hua 。kao cha fu ge mei tian jia liang 、mei jie wen du 、shi jian he pHzhi dui shan shi qian wei li jing de ying xiang ,tong guo xiang ying mian fa you hua de dao de zui you de fu ge mei jie gai xing gong yi wei :fu ge mei tian jia liang 0.20%（qian wei su mei :mu ju tang mei =1:1）,mei jie wen du 47℃,mei jie shi jian 2.0 h,pHzhi 5.4。suo zhi bei de EBDFli jing zhi shu D90zhi wei 97.2±0.14μm。yi EBDFwei yuan liao ,jing guo dong tai gao ya wei she liu fa jin yi bu gai xing chu li ,de dao de DBDFde li jing zhi shu D90di zhi 64.3±2.94μm。（2）gai xing chu li dui sun tou shan shi qian wei de jie gou ji gong neng te xing de ying xiang yu wei jing chu li de BDFbi jiao ,jing guo gai xing chu li de EBDFhe DBDFde li hua te xing ,bao gua chi shui li 、chi you li 、peng zhang li 、yang li zi xi fu neng li 、dan gu chun xi fu neng li 、dan suan yan xi fu neng li 、nian du deng ,jun de dao xian zhe zeng jiang ,shui ming gai xing chu li ,you ji shi mei jie -dong tai gao ya wei she liu lian ge fang fa neng you xiao gai shan shan shi qian wei de gong neng te xing 。re te xing he nian du fen xi jie guo biao ming ,DBDFde re wen ding xing he nian du gao yu EBDFhe BDF。tong guo huan jing sao miao dian jing ke guan cha dao jing guo gai xing chu li de EBDF、DBDFde qian wei jie gou bian song san ,you ji shi DBDFde qian wei biao mian shang de kong zhuang jie gou xian zhe zeng jia ,bing shi qian wei cheng chu wang zhuang jie gou 。Xyan she ji gu ti he ci gong zhen jie guo biao ming ,BDF、EBDFhe DBDFjun cheng dian xing de Ⅰxing qian wei su pu tu ,jie jing du an you da dao xiao pai xu wei :DBDF>EBDF>BDF。fu li xie gong wai guang pu fen xi jie guo biao ming ,gai xing chu li qu chu le sun tou shan shi qian wei zhong de bu fen mo ding xing zu fen 。（3）gai xing chu li dui sun tou shan shi qian wei de yi sheng yuan gong xiao de ying xiang yi chang shuang qi gan jun he shi suan ru gan jun wei yan jiu dui xiang ,fen bie zai mo tang MRSji chu pei yang ji zhong tian jia deng liang （20 mg/mL）BDF、EBDF、DBDF、ju fen he pu tao tang ,ce ding pei yang ji zhong de yi sheng jun shu liang he pHzhi de dong tai bian hua ,cong er fen xi gai xing shan shi qian wei de ti wai yi sheng yuan gong xiao 。xiang dui yu BDF、EBDFhe DBDF,pu tao tang huo ju fen neng zai chu ji de 24 hhuo 36 hnei kuai su cu jin yi sheng jun sheng chang bing da dao zui gao zhi ,sui hou you yu tan yuan gong ying bu zu he pei yang ji suan du de zeng jia ,yi sheng jun shu liang kuai su xia jiang 。BDF、EBDFhe DBDFde hua xue jie gou geng jia fu za ,ju cu cao de qian wei biao mian wei yi sheng jun di gong geng duo de biao mian fu zhao ou yu ,you li yu zai pei yang guo cheng zhong chi jiu wen ding de wei yi sheng jun de sheng chang di gong tan yuan 。pei yang 72 hhou ,DBDFzuo wei tan yuan de pei yang ji zhong yi sheng jun shu liang zui duo 。bu tong de tan yuan dui chang shuang qi gan jun ji shi suan ru gan jun chan duan lian zhi fang suan de cu jin zuo yong cun zai xian zhe cha yi 。tian jia pu tao tang ji ju fen neng geng hao de cu jin yi sheng jun chan sheng ru suan 、yi suan he bing suan ,er BDF、EBDFhe DBDFde tian jia ze you li yu ding suan de chan sheng 。yu BDFhe EBDFbi jiao ,DBDFzuo wei tan yuan zui you li yu yi sheng jun chan sheng duan lian zhi fang suan 。（4）gai xing sun tou shan shi qian wei zai qian wei jiang hua suan nai zhong de ying yong zai suan nai zhong tian jia shan shi qian wei you li yu gai shan suan nai pin zhi ji gong neng te xing 。zai suan nai zhong fen bie tian jia 1%（w/w）BDF,EBDFhuo DBDF,bing yi tian jia 1%（w/w）pu tao tang huo ju fen zuo wei dui zhao ,yi nian du 、pHzhi he suan du de dong tai bian hua wei zhi biao ,jie ge gan guan fen xi ,yan jiu shan shi qian wei dui suan nai pin zhi te xing de ying xiang 。dui suan nai de suan du he pHzhi ce ding de jie guo biao ming ,pu tao tang suan nai suan du zui gao ,ju fen suan nai ci zhi ,er zai san ge shan shi qian wei yang pin zhong ,EBDFsuan nai de suan du zui di 。tian jia shan shi qian wei neng xian zhe di gao suan nai de nian du he chi shui li ,ju an zhao you gao dao di de pai xu jun wei :DBDF>EBDF>BDF。suan nai gan guan fen xi jie guo biao ming ,tian jia shan shi qian wei ke yi jian shao ru qing xi chu ,ju wei dui suan nai de xiang qi zao cheng ying xiang 。dan shi ,you yu BDFhe EBDFjiao da de qian wei li jing ,tian jia zhi suan nai zhong xing cheng le cu cao de kou gan ,bing chan sheng bu tong cheng du de chen dian ,ying xiang suan nai de gan guan pin zhi 。er DBDFyou yu ji qian wei li jing zui xiao ,tian jia DBDFdui qian wei jiang hua suan nai de kou gan ying xiang zui xiao 。
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论文作者分别是来自福建农林大学的方东亚，发表于刊物福建农林大学2019-08-30论文，是一篇关于笋头论文,膳食纤维改性论文,理化性质论文,结构特性论文,益生元论文,酸奶论文,福建农林大学2019-08-30论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用，各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载，文章观点不代表本站观点，资料来自福建农林大学2019-08-30论文网站，若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权，请联系我们删除。
标签：笋头论文; 膳食纤维改性论文; 理化性质论文; 结构特性论文; 益生元论文; 酸奶论文; 福建农林大学2019-08-30论文;