本文主要研究内容
作者解飞（2019）在《嫩江（齐齐哈尔段）岸冰生消演变特性及热交换过程研究》一文中研究指出：我国中高纬度地区冬季常出现河冰、湖冰和库冰等冰情现象,冰层的生消过程会干扰周边的农业工程和生态环境。嫩江（齐齐哈尔段）冬季会出现沿岸生长的固定岸冰,分析岸冰的生消演变特性及热交换过程可为未来护岸工程与水生态系统提供参考与帮助。本研究对嫩江（齐齐哈尔段）多年岸冰冰情响应气候变化的机制进行了探究,分析了岸冰时空变化下的演变趋势;于2016-2017年冬季在嫩江（齐齐哈尔段）开展岸冰生消原型试验,得到了冰层演变过程、冰水温度场变化过程、冰温响应气温变化的滞后机制及冰水热通量传导特点;通过简单度日法与传统度日法对嫩江岸冰的生消过程进行拟合,选择了合理的冰厚预测模型;借助低温实验室探究了静冰模型试验重现野外冰层生消过程的方法及关键参数,并对气-冰-水三者之间的热交换过程进行了分析。希望本论文能为岸冰（静冰）的热力学研究提供参考与帮助,结论如下:（1）嫩江（齐齐哈尔段）多年气温呈现出逐渐变暖（每十年升高0.35℃）的趋势;风速呈现出逐渐减小（每十年减少0.19 m/s）的趋势;从1983-2013年的冰情资料发现嫩江岸冰并未发生冻结期逐年缩短的现象,历年冻结期区间为125天至165天,平均冻结期为149天;冬季岸冰与河心冰均具有先匀速生长,到达极限冰厚后短时间维持不变,后加速融化的演变特性;岸冰冰下水体流动较慢,主要受热力学作用,冰厚生长较快,近似于静冰;岸冰冰厚（92 cm-127 cm,平均值:106.8 cm）要大于河心冰冰厚（79 cm-117 cm,平均值:101.3 cm）;利用简单度日法（史蒂芬方程）联系了累积气温与冰厚生长过程,得到了嫩江（齐齐哈尔段）岸冰冰厚平均增长系数?为2.29 cm·°C-0.5·d-0.5,可用此增长系数和气温数据快速计算河冰厚度。（2）通过2016-2017年原型试验发现:冬季嫩江（齐齐哈尔段）岸冰冰层先以1 cm/d的速率增长,当增长到约85 cm时维持在此厚度上下波动,后以1.2 cm/d的速率快速融化;受太阳辐射强度增大的影响,在气温未回至正温以前,冰层已经发生了消融现象;冻结期岸冰垂直（0-100 cm）冰温场呈逆温分布,垂直（0-160 cm）水温场介于0°C-0.6°C之间;相同时刻不同深度的冰层温度响应气温变化具有滞后现象（深度:0-50 cm,滞后时间:1.74 h-16.79h）;冻结期冰温变化与气温变化具有良好的相关性,随着冰厚（0-50 cm）的增加,相关系数逐渐降低;冰层热通量为0-115 W·m-2,而水层的热通量仅为0-3.4 W·m-2;应用简单度日法和传统度日法均可以对研究区的冰厚生长过程进行很好的描述,根据二者对冰层生长初期的拟合效果,推荐采用简单度日法对嫩江（齐齐哈尔段）岸冰生长过程进行计算,冰生长系数?为3.3 cm·°C-0.5·d-0.5。（3）基于嫩江岸冰原位观测数据,初步探究室内模型试验重现原型岸冰生消过程的可行性与方法。本研究开展了静冰生消过程室内模拟试验并对关键参数进行了确定,依据模型试验相似关系,确定室内模型试验需要考虑的关键参数为几何比尺Cl、温度比尺CT、时间比尺Ct与试验室修正系数Cα;通过建立冰冻度日相似准则,应用相似原理推导得:（Cl/Cα）2=CTCt;基于原型试验中太阳辐射变化过程对室内模拟试验进行合理光照补偿,在确定Cl=1:9,CT=1.5:1的条件下,得到试验室修正系数Cα值为0.55,冰厚增长系数α为1.76,算得时间比尺Ct=1:37.5;基于模型试验中的相同参数,在冰厚生长后期对冰面进行光照补偿,对比无光照组冰生消过程,光照补偿能更好的模拟野外静冰生消过程,无光照冰厚增长系数α为1.96-1.98,有光照冰厚增长系数α为1.74-1.75近似于模型比尺后的原型α值（1.76）;根据原型气温与太阳辐射的变化过程,依据相同累积负温原则设计控温曲线,补偿合理光照,得到缩尺后的冰厚增长系数与冰厚生消过程均与原型试验结果近似;在未来的研究中还需进一步完善光照热量传递理论以达到模拟野外太阳辐射的目的。（4）通过岸冰（静冰）室内热交换模型试验对气-冰-水三者之间热交换过程的影响因素进行分析,发现在相同降温条件下,初始水温较低的水体更容易形成稳定冰面;垂直冰温同样成逆温分布,垂直水温与相邻水层温度梯度要略大于原型试验;室内试验中不同冰层响应气温变化具有滞后性,由于冰层较薄,冰层表面光滑,最大温度滞后时间仅为0.25 h;冰层热通量(0-200 W·m-2)要大于原型试验冰层中的热通量;在开启间接性光照后,冰温响应光照的程度要强于响应气温的程度;在冰面覆霜条件下,冰层厚度的增长速率要小于冰面光滑条件下的冰厚增长速率;未来仍需进一步探究风速、水深、水中微生物、河道环境及水底土体等因素对岸冰（静冰）热交换过程的影响。
Abstract
wo guo zhong gao wei du de ou dong ji chang chu xian he bing 、hu bing he ku bing deng bing qing xian xiang ,bing ceng de sheng xiao guo cheng hui gan rao zhou bian de nong ye gong cheng he sheng tai huan jing 。nen jiang （ji ji ha er duan ）dong ji hui chu xian yan an sheng chang de gu ding an bing ,fen xi an bing de sheng xiao yan bian te xing ji re jiao huan guo cheng ke wei wei lai hu an gong cheng yu shui sheng tai ji tong di gong can kao yu bang zhu 。ben yan jiu dui nen jiang （ji ji ha er duan ）duo nian an bing bing qing xiang ying qi hou bian hua de ji zhi jin hang le tan jiu ,fen xi le an bing shi kong bian hua xia de yan bian qu shi ;yu 2016-2017nian dong ji zai nen jiang （ji ji ha er duan ）kai zhan an bing sheng xiao yuan xing shi yan ,de dao le bing ceng yan bian guo cheng 、bing shui wen du chang bian hua guo cheng 、bing wen xiang ying qi wen bian hua de zhi hou ji zhi ji bing shui re tong liang chuan dao te dian ;tong guo jian chan du ri fa yu chuan tong du ri fa dui nen jiang an bing de sheng xiao guo cheng jin hang ni ge ,shua ze le ge li de bing hou yu ce mo xing ;jie zhu di wen shi yan shi tan jiu le jing bing mo xing shi yan chong xian ye wai bing ceng sheng xiao guo cheng de fang fa ji guan jian can shu ,bing dui qi -bing -shui san zhe zhi jian de re jiao huan guo cheng jin hang le fen xi 。xi wang ben lun wen neng wei an bing （jing bing ）de re li xue yan jiu di gong can kao yu bang zhu ,jie lun ru xia :（1）nen jiang （ji ji ha er duan ）duo nian qi wen cheng xian chu zhu jian bian nuan （mei shi nian sheng gao 0.35℃）de qu shi ;feng su cheng xian chu zhu jian jian xiao （mei shi nian jian shao 0.19 m/s）de qu shi ;cong 1983-2013nian de bing qing zi liao fa xian nen jiang an bing bing wei fa sheng dong jie ji zhu nian su duan de xian xiang ,li nian dong jie ji ou jian wei 125tian zhi 165tian ,ping jun dong jie ji wei 149tian ;dong ji an bing yu he xin bing jun ju you xian yun su sheng chang ,dao da ji xian bing hou hou duan shi jian wei chi bu bian ,hou jia su rong hua de yan bian te xing ;an bing bing xia shui ti liu dong jiao man ,zhu yao shou re li xue zuo yong ,bing hou sheng chang jiao kuai ,jin shi yu jing bing ;an bing bing hou （92 cm-127 cm,ping jun zhi :106.8 cm）yao da yu he xin bing bing hou （79 cm-117 cm,ping jun zhi :101.3 cm）;li yong jian chan du ri fa （shi di fen fang cheng ）lian ji le lei ji qi wen yu bing hou sheng chang guo cheng ,de dao le nen jiang （ji ji ha er duan ）an bing bing hou ping jun zeng chang ji shu ?wei 2.29 cm·°C-0.5·d-0.5,ke yong ci zeng chang ji shu he qi wen shu ju kuai su ji suan he bing hou du 。（2）tong guo 2016-2017nian yuan xing shi yan fa xian :dong ji nen jiang （ji ji ha er duan ）an bing bing ceng xian yi 1 cm/dde su lv zeng chang ,dang zeng chang dao yao 85 cmshi wei chi zai ci hou du shang xia bo dong ,hou yi 1.2 cm/dde su lv kuai su rong hua ;shou tai yang fu she jiang du zeng da de ying xiang ,zai qi wen wei hui zhi zheng wen yi qian ,bing ceng yi jing fa sheng le xiao rong xian xiang ;dong jie ji an bing chui zhi （0-100 cm）bing wen chang cheng ni wen fen bu ,chui zhi （0-160 cm）shui wen chang jie yu 0°C-0.6°Czhi jian ;xiang tong shi ke bu tong shen du de bing ceng wen du xiang ying qi wen bian hua ju you zhi hou xian xiang （shen du :0-50 cm,zhi hou shi jian :1.74 h-16.79h）;dong jie ji bing wen bian hua yu qi wen bian hua ju you liang hao de xiang guan xing ,sui zhao bing hou （0-50 cm）de zeng jia ,xiang guan ji shu zhu jian jiang di ;bing ceng re tong liang wei 0-115 W·m-2,er shui ceng de re tong liang jin wei 0-3.4 W·m-2;ying yong jian chan du ri fa he chuan tong du ri fa jun ke yi dui yan jiu ou de bing hou sheng chang guo cheng jin hang hen hao de miao shu ,gen ju er zhe dui bing ceng sheng chang chu ji de ni ge xiao guo ,tui jian cai yong jian chan du ri fa dui nen jiang （ji ji ha er duan ）an bing sheng chang guo cheng jin hang ji suan ,bing sheng chang ji shu ?wei 3.3 cm·°C-0.5·d-0.5。（3）ji yu nen jiang an bing yuan wei guan ce shu ju ,chu bu tan jiu shi nei mo xing shi yan chong xian yuan xing an bing sheng xiao guo cheng de ke hang xing yu fang fa 。ben yan jiu kai zhan le jing bing sheng xiao guo cheng shi nei mo ni shi yan bing dui guan jian can shu jin hang le que ding ,yi ju mo xing shi yan xiang shi guan ji ,que ding shi nei mo xing shi yan xu yao kao lv de guan jian can shu wei ji he bi che Cl、wen du bi che CT、shi jian bi che Ctyu shi yan shi xiu zheng ji shu Cα;tong guo jian li bing dong du ri xiang shi zhun ze ,ying yong xiang shi yuan li tui dao de :（Cl/Cα）2=CTCt;ji yu yuan xing shi yan zhong tai yang fu she bian hua guo cheng dui shi nei mo ni shi yan jin hang ge li guang zhao bu chang ,zai que ding Cl=1:9,CT=1.5:1de tiao jian xia ,de dao shi yan shi xiu zheng ji shu Cαzhi wei 0.55,bing hou zeng chang ji shu αwei 1.76,suan de shi jian bi che Ct=1:37.5;ji yu mo xing shi yan zhong de xiang tong can shu ,zai bing hou sheng chang hou ji dui bing mian jin hang guang zhao bu chang ,dui bi mo guang zhao zu bing sheng xiao guo cheng ,guang zhao bu chang neng geng hao de mo ni ye wai jing bing sheng xiao guo cheng ,mo guang zhao bing hou zeng chang ji shu αwei 1.96-1.98,you guang zhao bing hou zeng chang ji shu αwei 1.74-1.75jin shi yu mo xing bi che hou de yuan xing αzhi （1.76）;gen ju yuan xing qi wen yu tai yang fu she de bian hua guo cheng ,yi ju xiang tong lei ji fu wen yuan ze she ji kong wen qu xian ,bu chang ge li guang zhao ,de dao su che hou de bing hou zeng chang ji shu yu bing hou sheng xiao guo cheng jun yu yuan xing shi yan jie guo jin shi ;zai wei lai de yan jiu zhong hai xu jin yi bu wan shan guang zhao re liang chuan di li lun yi da dao mo ni ye wai tai yang fu she de mu de 。（4）tong guo an bing （jing bing ）shi nei re jiao huan mo xing shi yan dui qi -bing -shui san zhe zhi jian re jiao huan guo cheng de ying xiang yin su jin hang fen xi ,fa xian zai xiang tong jiang wen tiao jian xia ,chu shi shui wen jiao di de shui ti geng rong yi xing cheng wen ding bing mian ;chui zhi bing wen tong yang cheng ni wen fen bu ,chui zhi shui wen yu xiang lin shui ceng wen du ti du yao lve da yu yuan xing shi yan ;shi nei shi yan zhong bu tong bing ceng xiang ying qi wen bian hua ju you zhi hou xing ,you yu bing ceng jiao bao ,bing ceng biao mian guang hua ,zui da wen du zhi hou shi jian jin wei 0.25 h;bing ceng re tong liang (0-200 W·m-2)yao da yu yuan xing shi yan bing ceng zhong de re tong liang ;zai kai qi jian jie xing guang zhao hou ,bing wen xiang ying guang zhao de cheng du yao jiang yu xiang ying qi wen de cheng du ;zai bing mian fu shuang tiao jian xia ,bing ceng hou du de zeng chang su lv yao xiao yu bing mian guang hua tiao jian xia de bing hou zeng chang su lv ;wei lai reng xu jin yi bu tan jiu feng su 、shui shen 、shui zhong wei sheng wu 、he dao huan jing ji shui de tu ti deng yin su dui an bing （jing bing ）re jiao huan guo cheng de ying xiang 。
论文参考文献
论文详细介绍
论文作者分别是来自东北农业大学的解飞，发表于刊物东北农业大学2019-08-27论文，是一篇关于岸冰论文,生消演变论文,冰水温度场论文,热通量论文,模型试验论文,东北农业大学2019-08-27论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用，各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载，文章观点不代表本站观点，资料来自东北农业大学2019-08-27论文网站，若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权，请联系我们删除。
标签：岸冰论文; 生消演变论文; 冰水温度场论文; 热通量论文; 模型试验论文; 东北农业大学2019-08-27论文;