本文主要研究内容
作者刘皓东（2019）在《氢同位素在聚变堆材料及部件中的渗透滞留行为》一文中研究指出：氘氚核反应是地球上最容易实现的核聚变反应,托卡马克被认为是最具希望实现磁约束可控核聚变反应方式之一。欧盟、日本、美国、中国、俄罗斯、韩国、印度七方共同出资合作推进ITER计划,我国提出进行中国聚变工程实验堆(CFETR)工程建设。由于燃料氚的稀缺性及放射性,其在聚变堆中渗透滞留问题关系到聚变堆的经济性与安全性。为了对氢同位素在聚变堆材料及部件中渗透滞留问题有系统性的认识,本文利用实验室热脱附谱设备、气体驱动渗透设备、等离子体驱动渗透设备及EAST等离子体辐照平台MAPES,结合扫描电子显微镜SEM、透射电子显微镜TEM、X射线光电子能谱XPS、正电子湮没谱PAS等材料分析表征手段对氘在聚变堆结构材料及面向等离子体材料中的渗透滞留行为进行了系统研究,最后对面向等离子体部件模块进行了氘等离子体驱动渗透研究。其中,聚变堆结构材料包括低活化铁素体/马氏体RAFM钢(CLF-1钢、CLAM钢和Euro fer钢)、钒合金(纯钒和V-4Cr-4Ti合金)和铜合金(纯铜、无氧铜、氧化铝弥散铜AL15和CuCrZr合金),面向等离子体材料包括轧制钨和再沉积钨,面向等离子体部件主要针对偏滤器穿管型部件。通过本文工作,在实验室建设了国内第一台等离子体驱动渗透实验设备,并利用该设备首次测得了氘在国产RAFM钢、国产钨等聚变堆材料的表面再结合系数。同时,在EAST托卡马克中建设了等离子体驱动渗透实验平台,并在壁处理过程中测得了氘渗透信号。等离子体驱动渗透实验结果表明:(1)对于RAFM钢,随着离子入射能量的增大,氘在RAFM钢上表面的再结合系数增大,等离子体驱动渗透量减少,这与不同离子入射能量下RAFM钢表面的杂质溅射情况有关。对于以RAFM钢为结构材料的测试包层模块TBM,清洁的表面有助于减少气渗透量,减小对包层气增殖能力评估的影响;(2)氖通过V-4Cr-4Ti合金的等离子体驱动渗透量高于同气压下的气体驱动渗透量,等离子体驱动渗透量也随离子入射能量增大而减少;(3)对于铜合金,氘通过CuCrZr合金的等离子体驱动渗透量与退火态纯铜接近;(4)氘在钨表面再结合系数与表面杂质溅射状况有关,其激活能随表面杂质化学吸附能变化;(5)与裸RAFM钢相比,6 μm厚度的钨层覆盖于RAFM钢表面可降低氘渗透量,30 nm厚度的钨层覆盖于RAFM钢表面可增大氘渗透量;(6)国际上首次开展了针对穿管型部件的等离子体驱动渗透实验。实验结果表明,氚粒子不必通过较厚的铠甲材料(8mm厚钨),可直接通过较薄的结构材料(1.5 mm厚CuCrZr合金或0.4 mm厚RAFM钢)进入冷却剂。在ITER偏滤器区域,通过电荷交换产生的中性粒子入射通量可达1024 m-2s-1,进入冷却剂中的氚量将是可观的,增大氚水处理量,可能引起氚安全问题。如果CFETR偏滤器采用目前EAST钨铜上偏滤器设计,即在钨块缝隙中加入钨环,既可以起到定位作用又可减少经结构材料的氚渗透量。本文获得了氘在聚变堆材料中的输运系数(渗透系数和扩散系数)。实验结果表明:(1)国产RAFM钢具有与国际上其他RAFM钢接近的渗透系数和扩散系数;(2)氘在纯钒和V-4Cr-4Ti合金中的渗透系数接近,均比RAFM钢高两个数量级,氘在V-4Cr-4Ti合金中的扩散系数比纯钒中的扩散系数低,这与合金元素Ti的添加有关,使用V-4Cr-4Ti合金作为结构材料的包层应对阻氚性能、氚安全、氚循环等提出更高要求;(3)在铜合金中,氘在CuCrZr合金中的扩散系数最低,氧化铝弥散铜AL15次之,纯铜最高,但氘在三种样品中的渗透率均接近;(4)氘在轧制钨中的有效扩散系数远低于氘在钨中的晶格扩散系数,这与轧制钨中存在大量位错缺陷有关,对轧制钨高温退火处理可大大减少位错浓度。本文对氘在聚变材料中滞留行为进行了评估。主要结论有:(1)对于RAFM钢,浅表面(～0.16μm)的辐照损伤增大氘滞留量,较深处(～1.2μm)的辐照损伤对氘滞留量几乎没有影响,浅表面(～0.03μm)注入氦离子对氘的捕获作用更强,较深处(～6.1 μm)注入氦离子对氘的渗透阻挡作用更强,预注入氦对RAFM钢中氘滞留量的影响取决于氦的捕获效应与阻挡作用之间的竞争关系;(2)氘在V-4Cr-4Ti合金中的滞留量比纯钒略高,比RAFM钢高两个数量级;(3)对于铜合金,氘在CuCrZr合金中的滞留量最高,氧化铝弥散铜AL15次之,纯铜最低,氘在CuCrZr合金中滞留量主要与基体中Zr的溶解量有关,溶解Zr对氘的捕获能约为0.98 eV,在制备CuCrZr合金过程或后续热处理过程中降低基体中Zr的溶解量可降低氘在CuCrZr合金中的滞留量;(4)与裸钢相比,30 nm厚度的钨沉积于RAFM钢表面对氘滞留行为几乎没有影响,6 μm厚度钨沉积于RAFM钢表面可降低氘滞留量;(5)EAST托卡马克等离子体辐照样品的热脱附行为与实验室ECR等离子体辐照样品的热脱附行为表现出一定差异,这可能是因为托卡马克中等离子体环境(如杂质情况,粒子种类,粒子能量分布以及粒子通量分布等)较实验室ECR等离子体更为复杂。为了对未来聚变堆中氚的渗透与滞留量进行准确评估,需要对聚变堆中粒子种类,粒子能量,粒子通量和材料的表面状态有更多了解。
Abstract
dao chuan he fan ying shi de qiu shang zui rong yi shi xian de he ju bian fan ying ,tuo ka ma ke bei ren wei shi zui ju xi wang shi xian ci yao shu ke kong he ju bian fan ying fang shi zhi yi 。ou meng 、ri ben 、mei guo 、zhong guo 、e luo si 、han guo 、yin du qi fang gong tong chu zi ge zuo tui jin ITERji hua ,wo guo di chu jin hang zhong guo ju bian gong cheng shi yan dui (CFETR)gong cheng jian she 。you yu ran liao chuan de xi que xing ji fang she xing ,ji zai ju bian dui zhong shen tou zhi liu wen ti guan ji dao ju bian dui de jing ji xing yu an quan xing 。wei le dui qing tong wei su zai ju bian dui cai liao ji bu jian zhong shen tou zhi liu wen ti you ji tong xing de ren shi ,ben wen li yong shi yan shi re tuo fu pu she bei 、qi ti qu dong shen tou she bei 、deng li zi ti qu dong shen tou she bei ji EASTdeng li zi ti fu zhao ping tai MAPES,jie ge sao miao dian zi xian wei jing SEM、tou she dian zi xian wei jing TEM、Xshe xian guang dian zi neng pu XPS、zheng dian zi yan mei pu PASdeng cai liao fen xi biao zheng shou duan dui dao zai ju bian dui jie gou cai liao ji mian xiang deng li zi ti cai liao zhong de shen tou zhi liu hang wei jin hang le ji tong yan jiu ,zui hou dui mian xiang deng li zi ti bu jian mo kuai jin hang le dao deng li zi ti qu dong shen tou yan jiu 。ji zhong ,ju bian dui jie gou cai liao bao gua di huo hua tie su ti /ma shi ti RAFMgang (CLF-1gang 、CLAMgang he Euro fergang )、fan ge jin (chun fan he V-4Cr-4Tige jin )he tong ge jin (chun tong 、mo yang tong 、yang hua lv mi san tong AL15he CuCrZrge jin ),mian xiang deng li zi ti cai liao bao gua ga zhi wu he zai chen ji wu ,mian xiang deng li zi ti bu jian zhu yao zhen dui pian lv qi chuan guan xing bu jian 。tong guo ben wen gong zuo ,zai shi yan shi jian she le guo nei di yi tai deng li zi ti qu dong shen tou shi yan she bei ,bing li yong gai she bei shou ci ce de le dao zai guo chan RAFMgang 、guo chan wu deng ju bian dui cai liao de biao mian zai jie ge ji shu 。tong shi ,zai EASTtuo ka ma ke zhong jian she le deng li zi ti qu dong shen tou shi yan ping tai ,bing zai bi chu li guo cheng zhong ce de le dao shen tou xin hao 。deng li zi ti qu dong shen tou shi yan jie guo biao ming :(1)dui yu RAFMgang ,sui zhao li zi ru she neng liang de zeng da ,dao zai RAFMgang shang biao mian de zai jie ge ji shu zeng da ,deng li zi ti qu dong shen tou liang jian shao ,zhe yu bu tong li zi ru she neng liang xia RAFMgang biao mian de za zhi jian she qing kuang you guan 。dui yu yi RAFMgang wei jie gou cai liao de ce shi bao ceng mo kuai TBM,qing jie de biao mian you zhu yu jian shao qi shen tou liang ,jian xiao dui bao ceng qi zeng shi neng li ping gu de ying xiang ;(2)nai tong guo V-4Cr-4Tige jin de deng li zi ti qu dong shen tou liang gao yu tong qi ya xia de qi ti qu dong shen tou liang ,deng li zi ti qu dong shen tou liang ye sui li zi ru she neng liang zeng da er jian shao ;(3)dui yu tong ge jin ,dao tong guo CuCrZrge jin de deng li zi ti qu dong shen tou liang yu tui huo tai chun tong jie jin ;(4)dao zai wu biao mian zai jie ge ji shu yu biao mian za zhi jian she zhuang kuang you guan ,ji ji huo neng sui biao mian za zhi hua xue xi fu neng bian hua ;(5)yu luo RAFMgang xiang bi ,6 μmhou du de wu ceng fu gai yu RAFMgang biao mian ke jiang di dao shen tou liang ,30 nmhou du de wu ceng fu gai yu RAFMgang biao mian ke zeng da dao shen tou liang ;(6)guo ji shang shou ci kai zhan le zhen dui chuan guan xing bu jian de deng li zi ti qu dong shen tou shi yan 。shi yan jie guo biao ming ,chuan li zi bu bi tong guo jiao hou de kai jia cai liao (8mmhou wu ),ke zhi jie tong guo jiao bao de jie gou cai liao (1.5 mmhou CuCrZrge jin huo 0.4 mmhou RAFMgang )jin ru leng que ji 。zai ITERpian lv qi ou yu ,tong guo dian he jiao huan chan sheng de zhong xing li zi ru she tong liang ke da 1024 m-2s-1,jin ru leng que ji zhong de chuan liang jiang shi ke guan de ,zeng da chuan shui chu li liang ,ke neng yin qi chuan an quan wen ti 。ru guo CFETRpian lv qi cai yong mu qian EASTwu tong shang pian lv qi she ji ,ji zai wu kuai feng xi zhong jia ru wu huan ,ji ke yi qi dao ding wei zuo yong you ke jian shao jing jie gou cai liao de chuan shen tou liang 。ben wen huo de le dao zai ju bian dui cai liao zhong de shu yun ji shu (shen tou ji shu he kuo san ji shu )。shi yan jie guo biao ming :(1)guo chan RAFMgang ju you yu guo ji shang ji ta RAFMgang jie jin de shen tou ji shu he kuo san ji shu ;(2)dao zai chun fan he V-4Cr-4Tige jin zhong de shen tou ji shu jie jin ,jun bi RAFMgang gao liang ge shu liang ji ,dao zai V-4Cr-4Tige jin zhong de kuo san ji shu bi chun fan zhong de kuo san ji shu di ,zhe yu ge jin yuan su Tide tian jia you guan ,shi yong V-4Cr-4Tige jin zuo wei jie gou cai liao de bao ceng ying dui zu chuan xing neng 、chuan an quan 、chuan xun huan deng di chu geng gao yao qiu ;(3)zai tong ge jin zhong ,dao zai CuCrZrge jin zhong de kuo san ji shu zui di ,yang hua lv mi san tong AL15ci zhi ,chun tong zui gao ,dan dao zai san chong yang pin zhong de shen tou lv jun jie jin ;(4)dao zai ga zhi wu zhong de you xiao kuo san ji shu yuan di yu dao zai wu zhong de jing ge kuo san ji shu ,zhe yu ga zhi wu zhong cun zai da liang wei cuo que xian you guan ,dui ga zhi wu gao wen tui huo chu li ke da da jian shao wei cuo nong du 。ben wen dui dao zai ju bian cai liao zhong zhi liu hang wei jin hang le ping gu 。zhu yao jie lun you :(1)dui yu RAFMgang ,jian biao mian (～0.16μm)de fu zhao sun shang zeng da dao zhi liu liang ,jiao shen chu (～1.2μm)de fu zhao sun shang dui dao zhi liu liang ji hu mei you ying xiang ,jian biao mian (～0.03μm)zhu ru hai li zi dui dao de bu huo zuo yong geng jiang ,jiao shen chu (～6.1 μm)zhu ru hai li zi dui dao de shen tou zu dang zuo yong geng jiang ,yu zhu ru hai dui RAFMgang zhong dao zhi liu liang de ying xiang qu jue yu hai de bu huo xiao ying yu zu dang zuo yong zhi jian de jing zheng guan ji ;(2)dao zai V-4Cr-4Tige jin zhong de zhi liu liang bi chun fan lve gao ,bi RAFMgang gao liang ge shu liang ji ;(3)dui yu tong ge jin ,dao zai CuCrZrge jin zhong de zhi liu liang zui gao ,yang hua lv mi san tong AL15ci zhi ,chun tong zui di ,dao zai CuCrZrge jin zhong zhi liu liang zhu yao yu ji ti zhong Zrde rong jie liang you guan ,rong jie Zrdui dao de bu huo neng yao wei 0.98 eV,zai zhi bei CuCrZrge jin guo cheng huo hou xu re chu li guo cheng zhong jiang di ji ti zhong Zrde rong jie liang ke jiang di dao zai CuCrZrge jin zhong de zhi liu liang ;(4)yu luo gang xiang bi ,30 nmhou du de wu chen ji yu RAFMgang biao mian dui dao zhi liu hang wei ji hu mei you ying xiang ,6 μmhou du wu chen ji yu RAFMgang biao mian ke jiang di dao zhi liu liang ;(5)EASTtuo ka ma ke deng li zi ti fu zhao yang pin de re tuo fu hang wei yu shi yan shi ECRdeng li zi ti fu zhao yang pin de re tuo fu hang wei biao xian chu yi ding cha yi ,zhe ke neng shi yin wei tuo ka ma ke zhong deng li zi ti huan jing (ru za zhi qing kuang ,li zi chong lei ,li zi neng liang fen bu yi ji li zi tong liang fen bu deng )jiao shi yan shi ECRdeng li zi ti geng wei fu za 。wei le dui wei lai ju bian dui zhong chuan de shen tou yu zhi liu liang jin hang zhun que ping gu ,xu yao dui ju bian dui zhong li zi chong lei ,li zi neng liang ,li zi tong liang he cai liao de biao mian zhuang tai you geng duo le jie 。
论文参考文献
论文详细介绍
论文作者分别是来自中国科学技术大学的刘皓东，发表于刊物中国科学技术大学2019-07-12论文，是一篇关于核聚变论文,托卡马克论文,结构材料论文,面向等离子体材料论文,面向等离子体部件论文,氢同位素论文,渗透论文,滞留论文,中国科学技术大学2019-07-12论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用，各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载，文章观点不代表本站观点，资料来自中国科学技术大学2019-07-12论文网站，若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权，请联系我们删除。
标签：核聚变论文; 托卡马克论文; 结构材料论文; 面向等离子体材料论文; 面向等离子体部件论文; 氢同位素论文; 渗透论文; 滞留论文; 中国科学技术大学2019-07-12论文;