本文主要研究内容
作者王宇轩（2019）在《城市餐厨垃圾干湿式厌氧发酵及其功能微生物菌群结构对比研究》一文中研究指出：餐厨垃圾有机质含量丰富、含水量高、油脂含量高,如果不妥善处理,必然会对环境及人类健康构成威胁。厌氧发酵是餐厨垃圾众多处置途径中资源化处置的首要研究方向。湿式厌氧发酵有机转化效率不高,同时会产生大量沼液,致使二次污染。干式厌氧发酵相比之下具有耗水少、能源转化效率高、无沼液产生,沼渣可进行堆肥、实现全组分利用等优势。但干式厌氧发酵没有流动自由水,传质传热效果差,易造成微生物生长代谢不均匀等阻碍。干式发酵中现有搅拌工艺一定程度上可以克服干式厌氧发酵中质热传递问题,但外加剪切力会破坏稳定结合的微生物菌团,造成发酵效率下降。为克服干式发酵的问题,保持体系内微生物高效率生长代谢,本文采用自行设计滚动式质热交换反应器,利用罐体滚动代替搅拌,克服了干式发酵中传质传热效率低、微生物局部环境差异从而导致的发酵效率低甚至启动失败等问题,且不会因为搅拌的外力破坏微生物菌团。为验证其发酵性能,该研究利用餐厨垃圾在中温条件下进行批次发酵试验,同时与搅拌式厌氧发酵反应器、湿式厌氧发酵反应进行对比分析,主要研究结果如下:(1)设计的适用于餐厨垃圾干式厌氧发酵的滚动式发酵反应器,成功解决了干式发酵中存在的问题。整套反应器分为预处理罐和发酵罐两部分,有效体积均为10 L。使用时,将底物加入到预处理罐中,利用氮气排尽残余空气,而后与发酵罐对接,将底物排入发酵罐进行厌氧发酵;待一批底物发酵完全,排出发酵残渣,通过预处理罐将新一批除氧后底物加入到发酵罐中进行下一批次试验。预处理罐的存在避免了直接向发酵罐中投加底物带入过多氧气以及氮吹破坏原有稳定发酵环境。气体收集口与罐体连接处,采用轴密封结构以保证反应器内部的厌氧环境。(2)餐厨垃圾干式中温批次厌氧发酵研究。采用有效体积同为10 L的滚动式反应器(反应器A)及搅拌式反应器(反应器B)开展实验,反应器A中甲烷体积分数经4天后即突破50%,最高接近74%。pH值随发酵过程的推移先下降后升高,进而稳定。体系中累积挥发性脂肪酸以丙酸、乙酸为主,总酸最高达10000mg/l。系统反应至中期,乙酸几乎无积累,丙酸也逐渐被消耗至较低浓度。VS去除率高达68.74%,绝大部分有机物在发酵过程中均被分解。微生物群落结构在不同时期呈现动态变化,体系中发现21个菌门及7个优势菌门,厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)是发酵体系绝对的优势菌门。广古菌门(Euryarchaeota)是最主要的古菌门,其门水平下,混合营养型的甲烷八叠球菌属(Methanosarcina)、氢营养型的甲烷囊菌属(Methanoculleus)以及氢营养型的甲烷杆菌属(Methanobacterium)为优势甲烷菌属。反应器B系统启动后,pH值迅速降低,体系严重酸化,发酵启动失败。说明与搅拌式反应器相比,滚动式反应器具有发酵启动快、体系更加稳定等优势。(3)餐厨垃圾湿式中温批次厌氧发酵研究。采用湿式厌氧发酵反应器(反应器C)开展试验。系统启动后,沼气产量迅速升高,而后下降最终稳定。6 d后甲烷体积分数接近55%,最高达76%。pH值先下降后缓慢上升。体系中累积挥发性脂肪酸以乙酸、丁酸为主,总酸最高达14500 ml/L。伴随发酵进行,各种酸以几乎相同的趋势先上升后被逐渐降解至较低水平。VS去除率达53.11%。体系中发现28个菌门及11个优势菌门,厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)相对丰度占比最高。广古菌门(Euryarchaeota)同样是最主要的古菌门,其门水平下的混合营养型的甲烷八叠球菌(Methanosarcina)、氢营养型的甲烷囊菌属(Methanoculleus)、氢营养型的甲烷杆菌属(Methanobacterium)和混合营养型的甲烷粒菌属(Methanocorpusculum)为优势甲烷菌属。(4)干、湿式餐厨垃圾中温批次厌氧发酵结果对比分析。结果表明:干式厌氧发酵体系产气量及甲烷产量相对更高,但水力停留时间更长,甲烷体积分数波动较大;在累积挥发性脂肪酸以丙酸为主的情况下,pH及体系稳定情况未受较大影响;干式发酵中,细菌菌群生态大幅优于湿式发酵,在气—固界面上,产生了更好的生态多样性,大分子降解成小分子的菌群多样性更好;产酸类细菌中,干式发酵则丰度更高,为甲烷发酵提供了更多的底物原料,这也印证了干式发酵中有机质去除率更高的结论;古菌菌群生态中,嗜氢途径菌更占优势,使得干式发酵的甲烷产率更加良好。同时结果也显示,一旦克服了干式发酵中存在的问题,其发酵效率、经济效益等均强于湿式发酵。(5)通过餐厨垃圾中温批次厌氧发酵试验及对比试验,成功的验证了新设计的滚动式反应器能够高效的通过厌氧发酵对固体餐厨垃圾进行处理,并且相对搅拌式干式厌氧发酵、湿式厌氧发酵均具有不同程度的优势,体系耐冲击能力强、处理程度高,可为后续城市固体垃圾厌氧处理提供依据及经验。
Abstract
can chu la ji you ji zhi han liang feng fu 、han shui liang gao 、you zhi han liang gao ,ru guo bu tuo shan chu li ,bi ran hui dui huan jing ji ren lei jian kang gou cheng wei xie 。ya yang fa jiao shi can chu la ji zhong duo chu zhi tu jing zhong zi yuan hua chu zhi de shou yao yan jiu fang xiang 。shi shi ya yang fa jiao you ji zhuai hua xiao lv bu gao ,tong shi hui chan sheng da liang zhao ye ,zhi shi er ci wu ran 。gan shi ya yang fa jiao xiang bi zhi xia ju you hao shui shao 、neng yuan zhuai hua xiao lv gao 、mo zhao ye chan sheng ,zhao zha ke jin hang dui fei 、shi xian quan zu fen li yong deng you shi 。dan gan shi ya yang fa jiao mei you liu dong zi you shui ,chuan zhi chuan re xiao guo cha ,yi zao cheng wei sheng wu sheng chang dai xie bu jun yun deng zu ai 。gan shi fa jiao zhong xian you jiao ban gong yi yi ding cheng du shang ke yi ke fu gan shi ya yang fa jiao zhong zhi re chuan di wen ti ,dan wai jia jian qie li hui po huai wen ding jie ge de wei sheng wu jun tuan ,zao cheng fa jiao xiao lv xia jiang 。wei ke fu gan shi fa jiao de wen ti ,bao chi ti ji nei wei sheng wu gao xiao lv sheng chang dai xie ,ben wen cai yong zi hang she ji gun dong shi zhi re jiao huan fan ying qi ,li yong guan ti gun dong dai ti jiao ban ,ke fu le gan shi fa jiao zhong chuan zhi chuan re xiao lv di 、wei sheng wu ju bu huan jing cha yi cong er dao zhi de fa jiao xiao lv di shen zhi qi dong shi bai deng wen ti ,ju bu hui yin wei jiao ban de wai li po huai wei sheng wu jun tuan 。wei yan zheng ji fa jiao xing neng ,gai yan jiu li yong can chu la ji zai zhong wen tiao jian xia jin hang pi ci fa jiao shi yan ,tong shi yu jiao ban shi ya yang fa jiao fan ying qi 、shi shi ya yang fa jiao fan ying jin hang dui bi fen xi ,zhu yao yan jiu jie guo ru xia :(1)she ji de kuo yong yu can chu la ji gan shi ya yang fa jiao de gun dong shi fa jiao fan ying qi ,cheng gong jie jue le gan shi fa jiao zhong cun zai de wen ti 。zheng tao fan ying qi fen wei yu chu li guan he fa jiao guan liang bu fen ,you xiao ti ji jun wei 10 L。shi yong shi ,jiang de wu jia ru dao yu chu li guan zhong ,li yong dan qi pai jin can yu kong qi ,er hou yu fa jiao guan dui jie ,jiang de wu pai ru fa jiao guan jin hang ya yang fa jiao ;dai yi pi de wu fa jiao wan quan ,pai chu fa jiao can zha ,tong guo yu chu li guan jiang xin yi pi chu yang hou de wu jia ru dao fa jiao guan zhong jin hang xia yi pi ci shi yan 。yu chu li guan de cun zai bi mian le zhi jie xiang fa jiao guan zhong tou jia de wu dai ru guo duo yang qi yi ji dan chui po huai yuan you wen ding fa jiao huan jing 。qi ti shou ji kou yu guan ti lian jie chu ,cai yong zhou mi feng jie gou yi bao zheng fan ying qi nei bu de ya yang huan jing 。(2)can chu la ji gan shi zhong wen pi ci ya yang fa jiao yan jiu 。cai yong you xiao ti ji tong wei 10 Lde gun dong shi fan ying qi (fan ying qi A)ji jiao ban shi fan ying qi (fan ying qi B)kai zhan shi yan ,fan ying qi Azhong jia wan ti ji fen shu jing 4tian hou ji tu po 50%,zui gao jie jin 74%。pHzhi sui fa jiao guo cheng de tui yi xian xia jiang hou sheng gao ,jin er wen ding 。ti ji zhong lei ji hui fa xing zhi fang suan yi bing suan 、yi suan wei zhu ,zong suan zui gao da 10000mg/l。ji tong fan ying zhi zhong ji ,yi suan ji hu mo ji lei ,bing suan ye zhu jian bei xiao hao zhi jiao di nong du 。VSqu chu lv gao da 68.74%,jue da bu fen you ji wu zai fa jiao guo cheng zhong jun bei fen jie 。wei sheng wu qun la jie gou zai bu tong shi ji cheng xian dong tai bian hua ,ti ji zhong fa xian 21ge jun men ji 7ge you shi jun men ,hou bi jun men (Firmicutes)shi fa jiao ti ji jue dui de you shi jun men 。an gu jun men (Euryarchaeota)shi zui zhu yao de gu jun men ,ji men shui ping xia ,hun ge ying yang xing de jia wan ba die qiu jun shu (Methanosarcina)、qing ying yang xing de jia wan nang jun shu (Methanoculleus)yi ji qing ying yang xing de jia wan gan jun shu (Methanobacterium)wei you shi jia wan jun shu 。fan ying qi Bji tong qi dong hou ,pHzhi xun su jiang di ,ti ji yan chong suan hua ,fa jiao qi dong shi bai 。shui ming yu jiao ban shi fan ying qi xiang bi ,gun dong shi fan ying qi ju you fa jiao qi dong kuai 、ti ji geng jia wen ding deng you shi 。(3)can chu la ji shi shi zhong wen pi ci ya yang fa jiao yan jiu 。cai yong shi shi ya yang fa jiao fan ying qi (fan ying qi C)kai zhan shi yan 。ji tong qi dong hou ,zhao qi chan liang xun su sheng gao ,er hou xia jiang zui zhong wen ding 。6 dhou jia wan ti ji fen shu jie jin 55%,zui gao da 76%。pHzhi xian xia jiang hou huan man shang sheng 。ti ji zhong lei ji hui fa xing zhi fang suan yi yi suan 、ding suan wei zhu ,zong suan zui gao da 14500 ml/L。ban sui fa jiao jin hang ,ge chong suan yi ji hu xiang tong de qu shi xian shang sheng hou bei zhu jian jiang jie zhi jiao di shui ping 。VSqu chu lv da 53.11%。ti ji zhong fa xian 28ge jun men ji 11ge you shi jun men ,hou bi jun men (Firmicutes)xiang dui feng du zhan bi zui gao 。an gu jun men (Euryarchaeota)tong yang shi zui zhu yao de gu jun men ,ji men shui ping xia de hun ge ying yang xing de jia wan ba die qiu jun (Methanosarcina)、qing ying yang xing de jia wan nang jun shu (Methanoculleus)、qing ying yang xing de jia wan gan jun shu (Methanobacterium)he hun ge ying yang xing de jia wan li jun shu (Methanocorpusculum)wei you shi jia wan jun shu 。(4)gan 、shi shi can chu la ji zhong wen pi ci ya yang fa jiao jie guo dui bi fen xi 。jie guo biao ming :gan shi ya yang fa jiao ti ji chan qi liang ji jia wan chan liang xiang dui geng gao ,dan shui li ting liu shi jian geng chang ,jia wan ti ji fen shu bo dong jiao da ;zai lei ji hui fa xing zhi fang suan yi bing suan wei zhu de qing kuang xia ,pHji ti ji wen ding qing kuang wei shou jiao da ying xiang ;gan shi fa jiao zhong ,xi jun jun qun sheng tai da fu you yu shi shi fa jiao ,zai qi —gu jie mian shang ,chan sheng le geng hao de sheng tai duo yang xing ,da fen zi jiang jie cheng xiao fen zi de jun qun duo yang xing geng hao ;chan suan lei xi jun zhong ,gan shi fa jiao ze feng du geng gao ,wei jia wan fa jiao di gong le geng duo de de wu yuan liao ,zhe ye yin zheng le gan shi fa jiao zhong you ji zhi qu chu lv geng gao de jie lun ;gu jun jun qun sheng tai zhong ,shi qing tu jing jun geng zhan you shi ,shi de gan shi fa jiao de jia wan chan lv geng jia liang hao 。tong shi jie guo ye xian shi ,yi dan ke fu le gan shi fa jiao zhong cun zai de wen ti ,ji fa jiao xiao lv 、jing ji xiao yi deng jun jiang yu shi shi fa jiao 。(5)tong guo can chu la ji zhong wen pi ci ya yang fa jiao shi yan ji dui bi shi yan ,cheng gong de yan zheng le xin she ji de gun dong shi fan ying qi neng gou gao xiao de tong guo ya yang fa jiao dui gu ti can chu la ji jin hang chu li ,bing ju xiang dui jiao ban shi gan shi ya yang fa jiao 、shi shi ya yang fa jiao jun ju you bu tong cheng du de you shi ,ti ji nai chong ji neng li jiang 、chu li cheng du gao ,ke wei hou xu cheng shi gu ti la ji ya yang chu li di gong yi ju ji jing yan 。
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论文详细介绍
论文作者分别是来自西南大学的王宇轩，发表于刊物西南大学2019-09-24论文，是一篇关于厌氧发酵论文,餐厨垃圾论文,发酵罐论文,微生物结构论文,西南大学2019-09-24论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用，各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载，文章观点不代表本站观点，资料来自西南大学2019-09-24论文网站，若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权，请联系我们删除。
标签：厌氧发酵论文; 餐厨垃圾论文; 发酵罐论文; 微生物结构论文; 西南大学2019-09-24论文;