本文主要研究内容
作者李涵(2019)在《微波制备新型光电催化材料及其在能源和环境中的性能研究》一文中研究指出:能源危机和环境恶化是当前人类社会所面临的两个重大问题,利用可再生资源制备清洁无污染、并可持续利用的新能源是解决上述问题的有效途径之一。氢能被普遍认为是21世纪最有潜力的替代能源,利用太阳能驱动水分解产氢被广泛研究。与此同时,光/光电催化去除大气污染物也是解决环境问题的理想手段。半导体光电催化技术作为一种高效绿色的净化手段,具有高效、无毒、易回收等优点,在分解水制氢、降解污染物等方面显示出了极大的优势。目前光电催化剂受到禁带宽度过大、光生电子-空穴复合率高、比表面积小等因素的制约,反应效率较低。而且电极材料的制备成本较高、光电转换效率低、灵活性较差,难以满足实际应用过程中复杂的环境要求。针对以上问题,我们利用不锈钢网做电极基底,通过微波法合成光催化半导体与碳纳米管及石墨烯等碳材料的复合材料,与不锈钢网结合,共同构建三维网状复合电极材料。研究了不同形貌结构的催化剂材料与不锈钢网的结合力,机械稳定性,以及在光电催化产氢和氧化一氧化氮反应中的性能。提出了一维纳米线结构的光催化剂与不锈钢网共同构建三维网状光电极,具有优异的光生电荷转移速率,超强的柔韧性,大大提高了光电转换效率。此外,还开发了一种新型微波液相合成技术,在不锈钢电极表面原位生长光催化剂复合材料,进一步增强了催化剂与电极基底的作用力,优化了二者的界面,降低了光生电荷传输阻力。为开发新型高效柔性电极材料提供了新技术。论文的主要研究内容如下:1.硫化镉纳米棒柔性光阳极材料的制备及其光电催化产氢性能的研究采用碳纳米管作为导电支架,在不锈钢网片表面制备了一维的光活性Cd SNRs,形成了三维柔性网状光阳极,有效地驱动光电分解水产氢,具有良好的柔韧性和机械稳定性。这种柔性三维网状电极具有丰富的光电子传输通道(CNTs),可以加速电子向不锈钢基底的转移,大大提高了电子与空穴的分离效率。CNTs还可以与Cd S-NRs和不锈钢骨架相互交织,获得显著增强的机械柔韧性。因此,IPCE值(>10%)获得了在可见光照射(400nm<λ<500nm)下5倍的提高。在氙灯辐照(λ>420nm)下,取得了文献记录最高的产氢速率(728μmol·h-1·g-1)。同时具有可承受超过5000次180度弯曲之后保持活性稳定的超强柔韧性。本研究为柔性光电极材料用于光电催化在能源和环境应用开辟了可能性。2.g-C3N4/graphene电极材料的制备及光电氧化NO协同产氢的性能研究g-C3N4作为可见光光催化半导体材料,具有合适的能带位置,以及稳定的物理化学性质。但自身光生电子与空穴易复合,光催化效率较低。因此,我们将其与石墨烯复合,借助二维层状石墨烯提高其分散度,同时促进光生电荷的分离。我们选择不锈钢网作为电极基底,一方面降低了材料成本,同时利用网状结构可以增加与气体分子的吸附接触面积。在上一章工作的基础上,我们设计了g-C3N4/graphene/不锈钢网电极复合材料,用于光电氧化去除NO协同分解水产氢的反应。通过对电极表面催化剂负载量,外加偏压,石墨烯含量等变量的考察,发现其光电氧化NO去除率在可见光照射下可以达到63.5%,协同产氢速率为680.3μmol/h。但对比Cd S-NRs/CNTs不锈钢电极材料,不具备其抗弯曲能力。3.微波液相原位合成光催化剂/不锈钢基底电极材料通过真空抽滤负载催化剂到不锈钢电极表面,具有结合力弱,电荷转移效率低的缺点。因此,本章探究了一种利用微波液相原位合成光催化剂生长在不锈钢电极表面的方法。该方法具有简便快速,催化剂形貌可控等特点,且具有普适性。经过前期的刻蚀及硫化处理,现在电极表面修饰块状的Fe1-xS,作为磁黄铁矿的主要成分,该金属硫化物在微波辐照下,具有较强的吸收微波能力,可以在短时间内将微波能转化为热能,为纳米晶体材料的生长提供热源,使其表面原位生长出形貌可控的光催化半导体材料,如Ti O2,Mo S2,Cu2O,NH2-UIO-66等纳米材料。通过后期合成过程的优化,可以制备表面原位生长p-n型异质节的光催化剂/Fe1-x S/ESS电极复合材料,可用于有效提高光电催化反应的效率。4.微波气固相优化Pt/g-C3N4用于提高光催化产氢性能的研究通过气固相微波辐照技术,对Pt/g-C3N4材料进行优化。利用Pt在微波场中较强的吸收微波放热,形成局部超热点,同时氢气在Pt纳米颗粒表面发生解离,生成H离子。以此来优化g-C3N4结构及二者之间的界面,增强Pt-C/N化学键的作用力,促进光生载流子的转移。经过微波辐照后,光生电子在g-C3N4表面被Pt周围优化过的局部陷阱快速捕获,借助Pt-C/N键作为电子高速通道,迅速转移到Pt颗粒的表面,参与产氢反应。通过实验,证明了该方法的可行性,具有快速简便,无需额外添加元素,保持材料本身结构,同时有效提高其光催化产氢性能的优势。
Abstract
neng yuan wei ji he huan jing e hua shi dang qian ren lei she hui suo mian lin de liang ge chong da wen ti ,li yong ke zai sheng zi yuan zhi bei qing jie mo wu ran 、bing ke chi xu li yong de xin neng yuan shi jie jue shang shu wen ti de you xiao tu jing zhi yi 。qing neng bei pu bian ren wei shi 21shi ji zui you qian li de ti dai neng yuan ,li yong tai yang neng qu dong shui fen jie chan qing bei an fan yan jiu 。yu ci tong shi ,guang /guang dian cui hua qu chu da qi wu ran wu ye shi jie jue huan jing wen ti de li xiang shou duan 。ban dao ti guang dian cui hua ji shu zuo wei yi chong gao xiao lu se de jing hua shou duan ,ju you gao xiao 、mo du 、yi hui shou deng you dian ,zai fen jie shui zhi qing 、jiang jie wu ran wu deng fang mian xian shi chu le ji da de you shi 。mu qian guang dian cui hua ji shou dao jin dai kuan du guo da 、guang sheng dian zi -kong xue fu ge lv gao 、bi biao mian ji xiao deng yin su de zhi yao ,fan ying xiao lv jiao di 。er ju dian ji cai liao de zhi bei cheng ben jiao gao 、guang dian zhuai huan xiao lv di 、ling huo xing jiao cha ,nan yi man zu shi ji ying yong guo cheng zhong fu za de huan jing yao qiu 。zhen dui yi shang wen ti ,wo men li yong bu xiu gang wang zuo dian ji ji de ,tong guo wei bo fa ge cheng guang cui hua ban dao ti yu tan na mi guan ji dan mo xi deng tan cai liao de fu ge cai liao ,yu bu xiu gang wang jie ge ,gong tong gou jian san wei wang zhuang fu ge dian ji cai liao 。yan jiu le bu tong xing mao jie gou de cui hua ji cai liao yu bu xiu gang wang de jie ge li ,ji xie wen ding xing ,yi ji zai guang dian cui hua chan qing he yang hua yi yang hua dan fan ying zhong de xing neng 。di chu le yi wei na mi xian jie gou de guang cui hua ji yu bu xiu gang wang gong tong gou jian san wei wang zhuang guang dian ji ,ju you you yi de guang sheng dian he zhuai yi su lv ,chao jiang de rou ren xing ,da da di gao le guang dian zhuai huan xiao lv 。ci wai ,hai kai fa le yi chong xin xing wei bo ye xiang ge cheng ji shu ,zai bu xiu gang dian ji biao mian yuan wei sheng chang guang cui hua ji fu ge cai liao ,jin yi bu zeng jiang le cui hua ji yu dian ji ji de de zuo yong li ,you hua le er zhe de jie mian ,jiang di le guang sheng dian he chuan shu zu li 。wei kai fa xin xing gao xiao rou xing dian ji cai liao di gong le xin ji shu 。lun wen de zhu yao yan jiu nei rong ru xia :1.liu hua ge na mi bang rou xing guang yang ji cai liao de zhi bei ji ji guang dian cui hua chan qing xing neng de yan jiu cai yong tan na mi guan zuo wei dao dian zhi jia ,zai bu xiu gang wang pian biao mian zhi bei le yi wei de guang huo xing Cd SNRs,xing cheng le san wei rou xing wang zhuang guang yang ji ,you xiao de qu dong guang dian fen jie shui chan qing ,ju you liang hao de rou ren xing he ji xie wen ding xing 。zhe chong rou xing san wei wang zhuang dian ji ju you feng fu de guang dian zi chuan shu tong dao (CNTs),ke yi jia su dian zi xiang bu xiu gang ji de de zhuai yi ,da da di gao le dian zi yu kong xue de fen li xiao lv 。CNTshai ke yi yu Cd S-NRshe bu xiu gang gu jia xiang hu jiao zhi ,huo de xian zhe zeng jiang de ji xie rou ren xing 。yin ci ,IPCEzhi (>10%)huo de le zai ke jian guang zhao she (400nm<λ<500nm)xia 5bei de di gao 。zai xian deng fu zhao (λ>420nm)xia ,qu de le wen suo ji lu zui gao de chan qing su lv (728μmol·h-1·g-1)。tong shi ju you ke cheng shou chao guo 5000ci 180du wan qu zhi hou bao chi huo xing wen ding de chao jiang rou ren xing 。ben yan jiu wei rou xing guang dian ji cai liao yong yu guang dian cui hua zai neng yuan he huan jing ying yong kai bi le ke neng xing 。2.g-C3N4/graphenedian ji cai liao de zhi bei ji guang dian yang hua NOxie tong chan qing de xing neng yan jiu g-C3N4zuo wei ke jian guang guang cui hua ban dao ti cai liao ,ju you ge kuo de neng dai wei zhi ,yi ji wen ding de wu li hua xue xing zhi 。dan zi shen guang sheng dian zi yu kong xue yi fu ge ,guang cui hua xiao lv jiao di 。yin ci ,wo men jiang ji yu dan mo xi fu ge ,jie zhu er wei ceng zhuang dan mo xi di gao ji fen san du ,tong shi cu jin guang sheng dian he de fen li 。wo men shua ze bu xiu gang wang zuo wei dian ji ji de ,yi fang mian jiang di le cai liao cheng ben ,tong shi li yong wang zhuang jie gou ke yi zeng jia yu qi ti fen zi de xi fu jie chu mian ji 。zai shang yi zhang gong zuo de ji chu shang ,wo men she ji le g-C3N4/graphene/bu xiu gang wang dian ji fu ge cai liao ,yong yu guang dian yang hua qu chu NOxie tong fen jie shui chan qing de fan ying 。tong guo dui dian ji biao mian cui hua ji fu zai liang ,wai jia pian ya ,dan mo xi han liang deng bian liang de kao cha ,fa xian ji guang dian yang hua NOqu chu lv zai ke jian guang zhao she xia ke yi da dao 63.5%,xie tong chan qing su lv wei 680.3μmol/h。dan dui bi Cd S-NRs/CNTsbu xiu gang dian ji cai liao ,bu ju bei ji kang wan qu neng li 。3.wei bo ye xiang yuan wei ge cheng guang cui hua ji /bu xiu gang ji de dian ji cai liao tong guo zhen kong chou lv fu zai cui hua ji dao bu xiu gang dian ji biao mian ,ju you jie ge li ruo ,dian he zhuai yi xiao lv di de que dian 。yin ci ,ben zhang tan jiu le yi chong li yong wei bo ye xiang yuan wei ge cheng guang cui hua ji sheng chang zai bu xiu gang dian ji biao mian de fang fa 。gai fang fa ju you jian bian kuai su ,cui hua ji xing mao ke kong deng te dian ,ju ju you pu kuo xing 。jing guo qian ji de ke shi ji liu hua chu li ,xian zai dian ji biao mian xiu shi kuai zhuang de Fe1-xS,zuo wei ci huang tie kuang de zhu yao cheng fen ,gai jin shu liu hua wu zai wei bo fu zhao xia ,ju you jiao jiang de xi shou wei bo neng li ,ke yi zai duan shi jian nei jiang wei bo neng zhuai hua wei re neng ,wei na mi jing ti cai liao de sheng chang di gong re yuan ,shi ji biao mian yuan wei sheng chang chu xing mao ke kong de guang cui hua ban dao ti cai liao ,ru Ti O2,Mo S2,Cu2O,NH2-UIO-66deng na mi cai liao 。tong guo hou ji ge cheng guo cheng de you hua ,ke yi zhi bei biao mian yuan wei sheng chang p-nxing yi zhi jie de guang cui hua ji /Fe1-x S/ESSdian ji fu ge cai liao ,ke yong yu you xiao di gao guang dian cui hua fan ying de xiao lv 。4.wei bo qi gu xiang you hua Pt/g-C3N4yong yu di gao guang cui hua chan qing xing neng de yan jiu tong guo qi gu xiang wei bo fu zhao ji shu ,dui Pt/g-C3N4cai liao jin hang you hua 。li yong Ptzai wei bo chang zhong jiao jiang de xi shou wei bo fang re ,xing cheng ju bu chao re dian ,tong shi qing qi zai Ptna mi ke li biao mian fa sheng jie li ,sheng cheng Hli zi 。yi ci lai you hua g-C3N4jie gou ji er zhe zhi jian de jie mian ,zeng jiang Pt-C/Nhua xue jian de zuo yong li ,cu jin guang sheng zai liu zi de zhuai yi 。jing guo wei bo fu zhao hou ,guang sheng dian zi zai g-C3N4biao mian bei Ptzhou wei you hua guo de ju bu xian jing kuai su bu huo ,jie zhu Pt-C/Njian zuo wei dian zi gao su tong dao ,xun su zhuai yi dao Ptke li de biao mian ,can yu chan qing fan ying 。tong guo shi yan ,zheng ming le gai fang fa de ke hang xing ,ju you kuai su jian bian ,mo xu e wai tian jia yuan su ,bao chi cai liao ben shen jie gou ,tong shi you xiao di gao ji guang cui hua chan qing xing neng de you shi 。
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论文详细介绍
论文作者分别是来自上海师范大学的李涵,发表于刊物上海师范大学2019-06-17论文,是一篇关于微波化学论文,柔性电极论文,光电产氢论文,氧化论文,改性论文,上海师范大学2019-06-17论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用,各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载,文章观点不代表本站观点,资料来自上海师范大学2019-06-17论文网站,若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权,请联系我们删除。