本文主要研究内容
作者刘冰鹏（2019）在《蝎蛉科幼虫腹部附肢的起源及其同源性》一文中研究指出：原始全变态昆虫的幼虫除具有3对胸足外,腹部也着生有数对腹足,被称为蠋式幼虫。蠋式幼虫在进化的过程中,腹足的数目和着生位置在不同昆虫类群中存在很大差异,研究这些差异可以为全变类昆虫的进化和系统发育研究提供更多的证据。然而,对于不同类群的蠋式幼虫腹足的起源及其同源性仍然存在着很大争议。蝎蛉科Panorpidae是长翅目Mecoptera最大的一个科,其幼虫除了在腹部拥有8对腹足外,头部两侧还有一对发达的复眼,反映了长翅目很可能是全变态类昆虫中最原始的类群之一,是联系着半变态与全变态重要纽带,在昆虫纲系统发育研究中占据重要地位。然而,目前关于蝎蛉科幼虫腹部附肢的起源一直未有定论,基于形态学和解剖学的分析结果之间一直存在着较大争议。因此,要想解决蝎蛉科(长翅目)幼虫腹部附肢的同源性的问题,亟需进一步引入新的特征,尤其是分子方面的证据。本文首先采用比较胚胎学的方法,利用扫描电子显微镜技术对刘氏蝎蛉Panpopa liui Hua,1997胚胎发育过程中附肢(尤其是胸腹足)发生的形态特征进行了详细的研究。其次,利用原位杂交手段对其胚胎期腹部附肢的发育机制进行了初步探究,以期通过胚胎学结合分子生物学手段为蝎蛉腹部附肢的发育机理、起源及其同源性问题提供更多的证据,进一步为全变态类昆虫的进化和系统发育研究奠定基础,主要结果如下:通过比较刘氏蝎蛉在胚胎发育过程中腹部附肢与胸足的位置关系,来探究两者的系列同源关系。胚胎发育至86 h时,成对的侧部突起首先出现在腹部的第1~8节,位置上与胸足在同一直线上;随后,这些侧部突起结构发育到一定程度后停止发育并退化成三角形痕迹;110 h时,在靠近侧部突起的内侧又着生出新的中部突起结构,位置上与头部下颚的内叶在同一直线上;随后,这些中部突起结构进一步发育并最终发育成锥形、不分节的腹足。利用Distal-less(Dll)基因在刘氏蝎蛉胚胎期进行时空表达分析,来验证Barlet(1981)提出的猜想:长翅目的腹足为端肢节的退化物。在整个胚胎发育过程中,Dll基因持续表达在刘氏蝎蛉的头部(含下颚内叶的端部)、胸部附肢上,而在腹部的表达存在动态变化:侧部突起瞬时表达,持续表达在中部突起(腹足原基)并最终表达在腹足的端部。利用extradenticle(exd)基因在刘氏蝎蛉胚胎期进行时空表达分析,来验证Du等(2009)提出的猜想:长翅目腹部的侧部突起相当于胸足的基节。胚胎发育过程中,exd基因在胸部表达在胸足的基部,在腹部仅表达侧部突起。利用decapentaplegic(dpp)和wingless(wg)基因在刘氏蝎蛉胚胎期进行时空表达分析,来佐证Bitsch(2012)提出的猜想:长翅目的腹足很可能起源于腹部附肢的基节内叶。胚胎发育过程中,dpp基因在胸部表达在胸足的端部,在腹部的腹足中未有表达,仅表达在每个体节的侧后区域,外胚层细胞;wg基因表达在整个胸足和腹足的腹侧。利用ultrabithorax(Ubx)和abdominal-A(abd-A)基因在刘氏蝎蛉胚胎期进行时空表达分析,来探索长翅目腹部附肢发育机制。胚胎发育早期,Ubx/abd-A基因仅表达在胚足带(A1)。110 h时,Ubx在胸部表达在胸足的端部,在腹部依然仅表达在胚足带;abd-A在腹部的腹足原基中均有表达;124 h时,abd-A基因仅在腹足的基部呈圆环状表达。通过对刘氏蝎蛉胚胎发育过程中附肢的形态变化的观察,以及与附肢发育相关的基因的时空表达分析,结合前人对蝎蛉科其它幼虫胚胎发育的研究,我们认为刘氏蝎蛉的腹部侧部突起是附肢的基肢节,与胸足同源;而腹足不是端肢节的退化物,极可能是起源于腹部附肢基部的内叶,与胸足不是系列同源结构。
Abstract
yuan shi quan bian tai kun chong de you chong chu ju you 3dui xiong zu wai ,fu bu ye zhao sheng you shu dui fu zu ,bei chen wei shu shi you chong 。shu shi you chong zai jin hua de guo cheng zhong ,fu zu de shu mu he zhao sheng wei zhi zai bu tong kun chong lei qun zhong cun zai hen da cha yi ,yan jiu zhe xie cha yi ke yi wei quan bian lei kun chong de jin hua he ji tong fa yo yan jiu di gong geng duo de zheng ju 。ran er ,dui yu bu tong lei qun de shu shi you chong fu zu de qi yuan ji ji tong yuan xing reng ran cun zai zhao hen da zheng yi 。xie ling ke Panorpidaeshi chang chi mu Mecopterazui da de yi ge ke ,ji you chong chu le zai fu bu yong you 8dui fu zu wai ,tou bu liang ce hai you yi dui fa da de fu yan ,fan ying le chang chi mu hen ke neng shi quan bian tai lei kun chong zhong zui yuan shi de lei qun zhi yi ,shi lian ji zhao ban bian tai yu quan bian tai chong yao niu dai ,zai kun chong gang ji tong fa yo yan jiu zhong zhan ju chong yao de wei 。ran er ,mu qian guan yu xie ling ke you chong fu bu fu zhi de qi yuan yi zhi wei you ding lun ,ji yu xing tai xue he jie pou xue de fen xi jie guo zhi jian yi zhi cun zai zhao jiao da zheng yi 。yin ci ,yao xiang jie jue xie ling ke (chang chi mu )you chong fu bu fu zhi de tong yuan xing de wen ti ,ji xu jin yi bu yin ru xin de te zheng ,you ji shi fen zi fang mian de zheng ju 。ben wen shou xian cai yong bi jiao pei tai xue de fang fa ,li yong sao miao dian zi xian wei jing ji shu dui liu shi xie ling Panpopa liui Hua,1997pei tai fa yo guo cheng zhong fu zhi (you ji shi xiong fu zu )fa sheng de xing tai te zheng jin hang le xiang xi de yan jiu 。ji ci ,li yong yuan wei za jiao shou duan dui ji pei tai ji fu bu fu zhi de fa yo ji zhi jin hang le chu bu tan jiu ,yi ji tong guo pei tai xue jie ge fen zi sheng wu xue shou duan wei xie ling fu bu fu zhi de fa yo ji li 、qi yuan ji ji tong yuan xing wen ti di gong geng duo de zheng ju ,jin yi bu wei quan bian tai lei kun chong de jin hua he ji tong fa yo yan jiu dian ding ji chu ,zhu yao jie guo ru xia :tong guo bi jiao liu shi xie ling zai pei tai fa yo guo cheng zhong fu bu fu zhi yu xiong zu de wei zhi guan ji ,lai tan jiu liang zhe de ji lie tong yuan guan ji 。pei tai fa yo zhi 86 hshi ,cheng dui de ce bu tu qi shou xian chu xian zai fu bu de di 1~8jie ,wei zhi shang yu xiong zu zai tong yi zhi xian shang ;sui hou ,zhe xie ce bu tu qi jie gou fa yo dao yi ding cheng du hou ting zhi fa yo bing tui hua cheng san jiao xing hen ji ;110 hshi ,zai kao jin ce bu tu qi de nei ce you zhao sheng chu xin de zhong bu tu qi jie gou ,wei zhi shang yu tou bu xia e de nei xie zai tong yi zhi xian shang ;sui hou ,zhe xie zhong bu tu qi jie gou jin yi bu fa yo bing zui zhong fa yo cheng zhui xing 、bu fen jie de fu zu 。li yong Distal-less(Dll)ji yin zai liu shi xie ling pei tai ji jin hang shi kong biao da fen xi ,lai yan zheng Barlet(1981)di chu de cai xiang :chang chi mu de fu zu wei duan zhi jie de tui hua wu 。zai zheng ge pei tai fa yo guo cheng zhong ,Dllji yin chi xu biao da zai liu shi xie ling de tou bu (han xia e nei xie de duan bu )、xiong bu fu zhi shang ,er zai fu bu de biao da cun zai dong tai bian hua :ce bu tu qi shun shi biao da ,chi xu biao da zai zhong bu tu qi (fu zu yuan ji )bing zui zhong biao da zai fu zu de duan bu 。li yong extradenticle(exd)ji yin zai liu shi xie ling pei tai ji jin hang shi kong biao da fen xi ,lai yan zheng Dudeng (2009)di chu de cai xiang :chang chi mu fu bu de ce bu tu qi xiang dang yu xiong zu de ji jie 。pei tai fa yo guo cheng zhong ,exdji yin zai xiong bu biao da zai xiong zu de ji bu ,zai fu bu jin biao da ce bu tu qi 。li yong decapentaplegic(dpp)he wingless(wg)ji yin zai liu shi xie ling pei tai ji jin hang shi kong biao da fen xi ,lai zuo zheng Bitsch(2012)di chu de cai xiang :chang chi mu de fu zu hen ke neng qi yuan yu fu bu fu zhi de ji jie nei xie 。pei tai fa yo guo cheng zhong ,dppji yin zai xiong bu biao da zai xiong zu de duan bu ,zai fu bu de fu zu zhong wei you biao da ,jin biao da zai mei ge ti jie de ce hou ou yu ,wai pei ceng xi bao ;wgji yin biao da zai zheng ge xiong zu he fu zu de fu ce 。li yong ultrabithorax(Ubx)he abdominal-A(abd-A)ji yin zai liu shi xie ling pei tai ji jin hang shi kong biao da fen xi ,lai tan suo chang chi mu fu bu fu zhi fa yo ji zhi 。pei tai fa yo zao ji ,Ubx/abd-Aji yin jin biao da zai pei zu dai (A1)。110 hshi ,Ubxzai xiong bu biao da zai xiong zu de duan bu ,zai fu bu yi ran jin biao da zai pei zu dai ;abd-Azai fu bu de fu zu yuan ji zhong jun you biao da ;124 hshi ,abd-Aji yin jin zai fu zu de ji bu cheng yuan huan zhuang biao da 。tong guo dui liu shi xie ling pei tai fa yo guo cheng zhong fu zhi de xing tai bian hua de guan cha ,yi ji yu fu zhi fa yo xiang guan de ji yin de shi kong biao da fen xi ,jie ge qian ren dui xie ling ke ji ta you chong pei tai fa yo de yan jiu ,wo men ren wei liu shi xie ling de fu bu ce bu tu qi shi fu zhi de ji zhi jie ,yu xiong zu tong yuan ;er fu zu bu shi duan zhi jie de tui hua wu ,ji ke neng shi qi yuan yu fu bu fu zhi ji bu de nei xie ,yu xiong zu bu shi ji lie tong yuan jie gou 。
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论文作者分别是来自西北农林科技大学的刘冰鹏，发表于刊物西北农林科技大学2019-07-11论文，是一篇关于蝎蛉科论文,附肢论文,原位杂交论文,系列同源论文,内叶论文,西北农林科技大学2019-07-11论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用，各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载，文章观点不代表本站观点，资料来自西北农林科技大学2019-07-11论文网站，若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权，请联系我们删除。