本文主要研究内容
作者朱见深（2019）在《粪菌移植调控鸡肠道菌群及细菌抗药性的研究》一文中研究指出：养殖业中抗生素的不恰当使用,是加速细菌抗药性产生的原因之一。抗药菌不仅会削弱抗生素的效果,而且由于抗药菌可以在环境传播,最终会威胁公共卫生安全。此外,用于治疗特定病原菌感染或作为饲料添加剂的抗生素多为广谱抗生素,这意味着抗生素在靶定目标病原菌的同时会破坏宿主正常肠道菌群,从而增加宿主二次感染和其他慢性疾病的风险。因此,为了保障食品安全和公共卫生,需要减少抗生素的使用量,寻求非抗生素手段治疗动物细菌感染或提高其生产表现,以降低细菌抗药性水平。使用益生菌、益生元、噬菌体疗法、疫苗、中药等其他方法或许是降低细菌抗药性的可行方法,而粪菌移植(fecal microbiota transplantation,FMT)或许是可以从源头降低动物源细菌抗药性的新手段。过去十年间,大量文献报道了菌群对宿主健康的影响。粪菌移植是将健康者的粪便菌群移植给患者,是调节肠道菌群的有力方法。粪菌移植可以治愈一系列肠道相关疾病,尤其是治疗复发性艰难梭菌感染。近年来,动物粪菌移植的研究呈上升趋势,但大多数都关注哺乳动物的粪菌移植,研究结果不一定适合家禽,比如,鸡。尽管有一些研究也涉及鸡的粪菌移植,但这些研究多关注粪菌移植对鸡生长性能的影响,而且粪菌移植的结果重复性较差。目前为止,几乎没有利用粪菌移植调控鸡肠道菌群及细菌抗药性的研究。在商业化养殖场中,雏鸡是与母鸡分开饲养的,这造成新生雏鸡很难获得健康的母体菌群。另外,由于新生雏鸡肠道内几乎无菌,生态位竞争较低,环境中的微生物很容易在雏鸡的肠道内定植,这使得鸡的粪菌移植变得容易实施。本研究中,我们通过与欧盟药敏试验委员会(The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing,EUCAST)提供的大肠杆菌抗药性数据进行比较分析,得到山东省动物源大肠杆菌的抗药性水平相对较高的结果,因此需要寻找减少抗生素使用、降低抗药性的方法。人医上粪菌移植的成功启示我们或许可以利用粪菌移植技术降低动物源细菌抗药性水平。而寻找可用于降低抗药性的安全、有效的粪菌移植供体是进行鸡粪菌移植的必要前提,SPF(Specific pathogen free)鸡不携带特定病原体,养殖时不使用抗生素,或许是粪菌移植的理想供体,我们利用16SrRNA基因高通量测序和药敏试验的方法,比较分析了 SPF鸡与商品蛋鸡的粪便菌群以及粪便中大肠杆菌的抗药性状况,结果表明SPF鸡粪便中不携带一些机会致病菌,而且粪便中大肠杆菌的抗药性水平显著低于商品蛋鸡。于是我们选择了 SPF鸡和作为阳性对照的商品蛋鸡作为粪菌移植的候选供体,研究粪菌移植对受体鸡肠道菌群发展和细菌抗药性的影响。将这两种供体的肠道内容物制作成粪菌移植液,通过泄殖腔接种和喷雾的粪菌移植形式接种给肠道几乎无菌的1日龄SPF雏鸡,利用16SrRNA基因高通量测序技术检测受体雏鸡肠道菌群的发展变化;利用琼脂稀释法或微量肉汤稀释法药敏试验确定雏鸡肠道指示菌株大肠杆菌和肠球菌对不同种类抗生素的最小抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC),利用高通量定量PCR方法检测雏鸡肠道菌群中抗生素抗性基因的种类及丰度。结果表明,粪菌移植不仅可以影响雏鸡肠道菌群的组成,让受体雏鸡的肠道菌群与对应的供体鸡肠道菌群组成趋于一致,同时也可以加快受体鸡肠道菌群的发展,让受体雏鸡肠道菌群变得更加丰富,并增加了拟杆菌门细菌的含量。抗药性的表型分析结果表明,粪菌移植可以将抗药性水平从供体传递给受体,低抗药性的SPF鸡粪菌移植使对应受体鸡携带了低抗药性的肠道菌,而高抗药性的普通商品蛋鸡粪菌移植使其对应受体携带了较高抗药性的肠道菌。抗药基因分析结果表明,不同供体的粪菌移植让受体雏鸡肠道具有不同种类的抗药基因组成,但受体雏鸡肠道抗药基因相对丰度却大于供体鸡,造成这种现象的原因需要进一步的探究。我们的研究结果表明,在鸡粪菌移植中,最初接触不同的微生物群会导致受体鸡肠道菌群与抗药基因不同的发展方式,而且肠道内的细菌抗药性也可以随着粪菌移植而得到传递。这使通过移植人工设计或选择的粪便菌群来调控雏鸡的肠道菌群,从而影响鸡的生产或抗病表现成为可能。此外,SPF鸡粪菌移植降低了受体鸡粪便细菌的抗药性水平,让我们可以选择对抗生素敏感的菌群移植给雏鸡以降低细菌抗药性,为全面降低山东省乃至全国动物源细菌抗药性提供方法与数据参考。但是,鸡的粪菌移植仍存在诸多问题,如供体筛选的标准,粪菌移植菌的标准制备及最佳实施过程,粪菌移植临床效果的评价等,都需要做进一步的探索。
Abstract
yang shi ye zhong kang sheng su de bu qia dang shi yong ,shi jia su xi jun kang yao xing chan sheng de yuan yin zhi yi 。kang yao jun bu jin hui xiao ruo kang sheng su de xiao guo ,er ju you yu kang yao jun ke yi zai huan jing chuan bo ,zui zhong hui wei xie gong gong wei sheng an quan 。ci wai ,yong yu zhi liao te ding bing yuan jun gan ran huo zuo wei si liao tian jia ji de kang sheng su duo wei an pu kang sheng su ,zhe yi wei zhao kang sheng su zai ba ding mu biao bing yuan jun de tong shi hui po huai su zhu zheng chang chang dao jun qun ,cong er zeng jia su zhu er ci gan ran he ji ta man xing ji bing de feng xian 。yin ci ,wei le bao zhang shi pin an quan he gong gong wei sheng ,xu yao jian shao kang sheng su de shi yong liang ,xun qiu fei kang sheng su shou duan zhi liao dong wu xi jun gan ran huo di gao ji sheng chan biao xian ,yi jiang di xi jun kang yao xing shui ping 。shi yong yi sheng jun 、yi sheng yuan 、shi jun ti liao fa 、yi miao 、zhong yao deng ji ta fang fa huo hu shi jiang di xi jun kang yao xing de ke hang fang fa ,er fen jun yi zhi (fecal microbiota transplantation,FMT)huo hu shi ke yi cong yuan tou jiang di dong wu yuan xi jun kang yao xing de xin shou duan 。guo qu shi nian jian ,da liang wen suo bao dao le jun qun dui su zhu jian kang de ying xiang 。fen jun yi zhi shi jiang jian kang zhe de fen bian jun qun yi zhi gei huan zhe ,shi diao jie chang dao jun qun de you li fang fa 。fen jun yi zhi ke yi zhi yu yi ji lie chang dao xiang guan ji bing ,you ji shi zhi liao fu fa xing jian nan suo jun gan ran 。jin nian lai ,dong wu fen jun yi zhi de yan jiu cheng shang sheng qu shi ,dan da duo shu dou guan zhu bu ru dong wu de fen jun yi zhi ,yan jiu jie guo bu yi ding kuo ge jia qin ,bi ru ,ji 。jin guan you yi xie yan jiu ye she ji ji de fen jun yi zhi ,dan zhe xie yan jiu duo guan zhu fen jun yi zhi dui ji sheng chang xing neng de ying xiang ,er ju fen jun yi zhi de jie guo chong fu xing jiao cha 。mu qian wei zhi ,ji hu mei you li yong fen jun yi zhi diao kong ji chang dao jun qun ji xi jun kang yao xing de yan jiu 。zai shang ye hua yang shi chang zhong ,chu ji shi yu mu ji fen kai si yang de ,zhe zao cheng xin sheng chu ji hen nan huo de jian kang de mu ti jun qun 。ling wai ,you yu xin sheng chu ji chang dao nei ji hu mo jun ,sheng tai wei jing zheng jiao di ,huan jing zhong de wei sheng wu hen rong yi zai chu ji de chang dao nei ding zhi ,zhe shi de ji de fen jun yi zhi bian de rong yi shi shi 。ben yan jiu zhong ,wo men tong guo yu ou meng yao min shi yan wei yuan hui (The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing,EUCAST)di gong de da chang gan jun kang yao xing shu ju jin hang bi jiao fen xi ,de dao shan dong sheng dong wu yuan da chang gan jun de kang yao xing shui ping xiang dui jiao gao de jie guo ,yin ci xu yao xun zhao jian shao kang sheng su shi yong 、jiang di kang yao xing de fang fa 。ren yi shang fen jun yi zhi de cheng gong qi shi wo men huo hu ke yi li yong fen jun yi zhi ji shu jiang di dong wu yuan xi jun kang yao xing shui ping 。er xun zhao ke yong yu jiang di kang yao xing de an quan 、you xiao de fen jun yi zhi gong ti shi jin hang ji fen jun yi zhi de bi yao qian di ,SPF(Specific pathogen free)ji bu xie dai te ding bing yuan ti ,yang shi shi bu shi yong kang sheng su ,huo hu shi fen jun yi zhi de li xiang gong ti ,wo men li yong 16SrRNAji yin gao tong liang ce xu he yao min shi yan de fang fa ,bi jiao fen xi le SPFji yu shang pin dan ji de fen bian jun qun yi ji fen bian zhong da chang gan jun de kang yao xing zhuang kuang ,jie guo biao ming SPFji fen bian zhong bu xie dai yi xie ji hui zhi bing jun ,er ju fen bian zhong da chang gan jun de kang yao xing shui ping xian zhe di yu shang pin dan ji 。yu shi wo men shua ze le SPFji he zuo wei yang xing dui zhao de shang pin dan ji zuo wei fen jun yi zhi de hou shua gong ti ,yan jiu fen jun yi zhi dui shou ti ji chang dao jun qun fa zhan he xi jun kang yao xing de ying xiang 。jiang zhe liang chong gong ti de chang dao nei rong wu zhi zuo cheng fen jun yi zhi ye ,tong guo xie shi qiang jie chong he pen wu de fen jun yi zhi xing shi jie chong gei chang dao ji hu mo jun de 1ri ling SPFchu ji ,li yong 16SrRNAji yin gao tong liang ce xu ji shu jian ce shou ti chu ji chang dao jun qun de fa zhan bian hua ;li yong qiong zhi xi shi fa huo wei liang rou shang xi shi fa yao min shi yan que ding chu ji chang dao zhi shi jun zhu da chang gan jun he chang qiu jun dui bu tong chong lei kang sheng su de zui xiao yi jun nong du (minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC),li yong gao tong liang ding liang PCRfang fa jian ce chu ji chang dao jun qun zhong kang sheng su kang xing ji yin de chong lei ji feng du 。jie guo biao ming ,fen jun yi zhi bu jin ke yi ying xiang chu ji chang dao jun qun de zu cheng ,rang shou ti chu ji de chang dao jun qun yu dui ying de gong ti ji chang dao jun qun zu cheng qu yu yi zhi ,tong shi ye ke yi jia kuai shou ti ji chang dao jun qun de fa zhan ,rang shou ti chu ji chang dao jun qun bian de geng jia feng fu ,bing zeng jia le ni gan jun men xi jun de han liang 。kang yao xing de biao xing fen xi jie guo biao ming ,fen jun yi zhi ke yi jiang kang yao xing shui ping cong gong ti chuan di gei shou ti ,di kang yao xing de SPFji fen jun yi zhi shi dui ying shou ti ji xie dai le di kang yao xing de chang dao jun ,er gao kang yao xing de pu tong shang pin dan ji fen jun yi zhi shi ji dui ying shou ti xie dai le jiao gao kang yao xing de chang dao jun 。kang yao ji yin fen xi jie guo biao ming ,bu tong gong ti de fen jun yi zhi rang shou ti chu ji chang dao ju you bu tong chong lei de kang yao ji yin zu cheng ,dan shou ti chu ji chang dao kang yao ji yin xiang dui feng du que da yu gong ti ji ,zao cheng zhe chong xian xiang de yuan yin xu yao jin yi bu de tan jiu 。wo men de yan jiu jie guo biao ming ,zai ji fen jun yi zhi zhong ,zui chu jie chu bu tong de wei sheng wu qun hui dao zhi shou ti ji chang dao jun qun yu kang yao ji yin bu tong de fa zhan fang shi ,er ju chang dao nei de xi jun kang yao xing ye ke yi sui zhao fen jun yi zhi er de dao chuan di 。zhe shi tong guo yi zhi ren gong she ji huo shua ze de fen bian jun qun lai diao kong chu ji de chang dao jun qun ,cong er ying xiang ji de sheng chan huo kang bing biao xian cheng wei ke neng 。ci wai ,SPFji fen jun yi zhi jiang di le shou ti ji fen bian xi jun de kang yao xing shui ping ,rang wo men ke yi shua ze dui kang sheng su min gan de jun qun yi zhi gei chu ji yi jiang di xi jun kang yao xing ,wei quan mian jiang di shan dong sheng nai zhi quan guo dong wu yuan xi jun kang yao xing di gong fang fa yu shu ju can kao 。dan shi ,ji de fen jun yi zhi reng cun zai zhu duo wen ti ,ru gong ti shai shua de biao zhun ,fen jun yi zhi jun de biao zhun zhi bei ji zui jia shi shi guo cheng ,fen jun yi zhi lin chuang xiao guo de ping jia deng ,dou xu yao zuo jin yi bu de tan suo 。
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论文详细介绍
论文作者分别是来自山东大学的朱见深，发表于刊物山东大学2019-07-16论文，是一篇关于粪菌移植论文,肠道菌群论文,细菌抗药性论文,山东大学2019-07-16论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用，各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载，文章观点不代表本站观点，资料来自山东大学2019-07-16论文网站，若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权，请联系我们删除。
标签：粪菌移植论文; 肠道菌群论文; 细菌抗药性论文; 山东大学2019-07-16论文;