本文主要研究内容
作者叶荣达（2019）在《水合无机盐/膨胀石墨复合相变材料应用于建筑围护结构的实验与模拟研究》一文中研究指出：房屋建筑在全寿命周期内将消耗大量的资源和能源,加快推进建筑节能工作对绿色低碳发展目标的实现具有重要意义。建筑的热增量和热损失与围护结构的保温隔热能力息息相关。而目前的建筑材料普遍存在着热容较小的缺点,容易引起室内温度的大幅度波动。通过将相变材料集成到建筑围护结构中,可以利用其较大的潜热对热能进行储存和释放,弥补普通建筑材料储热能力差的缺陷,从而提高室内舒适度,降低建筑能耗。由于有机相变材料价格较高,而且具有可燃性,将其集成到建筑上必然会增大火灾隐患和投资成本。相比之下,那些价格低廉、不易燃而且相变温度接近人体舒适温度的水合无机盐更适合应用于建筑围护结构中。本论文致力于新型相变储能建筑材料的制备以及相变储能围护结构的构建。通过制备出性能稳定和相变温度适宜的水合无机盐复合相变材料,将其封装成型后集成到建筑围护结构上,采用实验研究和数值模拟相结合的方法,对建筑围护结构进行优化设计并评价其建筑节能效果。本文首先制备出了过冷度小,潜热大且热性能稳定的CaCl2·6H2O/膨胀石墨（EG）复合相变材料。选用PVC板对其进行封装制得相变板,并与结构保温板墙体结构结合,搭建实验房间模型,评估房间热性能。结果表明,CaCl2·6H2O/EG相变板可以延缓峰值温度出现的时间,减小室内温度的波动,提高居住舒适度。通过考察相变板在墙体不同位置下的房间热性能,发现相变板越靠近室内,房间热性能越好。通过数值模拟,发现CaCl2·6H2O/EG相变板对房间的作用效果要优于有机复合相变材料RT27/EG的。相比于参考房,两个相变房的节能率分别为13.4和12.7%。随后,建立一个大尺度的房间模型,对含CaCl2·6H2O/EG复合相变材料的房间进行了模拟优化,评估房间在不同因素条件下的热性能。结果表明,相比于进一步增大泡沫保温板的厚度,增大相变板的厚度可以更有效地提高房间的热性能;此外,该相变材料更适合应用于昼夜温差大的地区;在不同建筑朝向上也应选择不同相变温度的相变材料;通过考察该相变材料对不同房屋构造的热性能影响,发现混凝土墙体的节能率最高,砖墙的峰温时间延迟最大,而结构保温板墙体结构的衰减因子最小。为了使相变房屋结构同时适用于制冷季节和供暖季节,需要在围护结构上集成两种具有不同相变温度的相变材料。本文将CaCl2·6H2O与不同质量分数的Mg（NO3）2·6H2O进行共熔,制备出了一系列具有不同相变温度的CaCl2·6H2O-Mg（NO3）2·6H2O共熔相变材料。结果发现,共熔相变材料的潜热值和相变温度随着Mg（NO3）2·6H2O含量的增大而减小。随后,选取潜热值较大、相变温度分别适宜用于制冷季节和供暖季节的CaCl2·6H2O-8wt%Mg（NO3）2·6H2O和CaCl2·6H2O-15wt%Mg（NO3）2·6H2O,通过加入适量的成核剂SrCl2·6H2O,并与膨胀石墨复合,制备得到性能稳定的CaCl2·6H2O-Mg（NO3）2·6H2O/EG复合相变材料。选用真空密封袋对复合相变材料进行了封装制得相变温度不同的两块相变板,采用耐高温的阻燃铝箔玻璃纤维布将两块相变板包裹在一起制得双层相变板,并与铝单板结合作为墙体构件,搭建出实验房间模型,对房间夏季的热性能进行考察,并对数值模型的可靠性进行验证。结果发现该双层相变板可以降低房间的温度波动,提高室内的舒适度;实验结果和模拟结果的吻合度也较高。采用验证后的数值模型,对含不同相变温度的CaCl2·6H2O-Mg（NO3）2·6H2O/EG复合相变材料的房间进行模拟优化,评估房间在制冷季节和供暖季节下的节能效果。结果表明,将相变板放置在室内可以得到较好的节能效果,其中相变温度较低的相变材料被安置在南墙上,而相变温度较高的相变材料被安置在屋顶上;南墙上的适宜相变材料为CaCl2·6H2O-15wt%Mg（NO3）2·6H2O/EG,屋顶和其它三面墙的适宜相变材料为CaCl2·6H2O-2wt%Mg（NO3）2·6H2O/EG;相变板厚度的增大可以降低房间的能源需求,但屋顶和南墙的适宜相变材料不会随相变板厚度的改变而改变;北京气候下屋顶和南墙的适宜相变材料和宁夏气候下的一致,而上海气候下南墙的适宜相变材料则为CaCl2·6H2O-12wt%Mg（NO3）2·6H2O/EG。为了进一步提高相变材料的利用效率,通过在屋顶添加空气层用于夏季的通风,在南墙添加空气层以及玻璃幕墙构建了具有双通道的通风太阳能墙,得到一种新型的相变储能建筑围护结构。通过数值模拟,对该相变储能围护结构进行优化设计,综合考察了房间在不同影响因素下的全年耗电量。结果表明,南墙的适宜相变材料为CaCl2·6H2O-8wt%Mg（NO3）2·6H2O/EG,屋顶的适宜相变材料为CaCl2·6H2O-2wt%Mg（NO3）2·6H2O/EG;当南墙和屋顶的空气层按照设定的通风时间进行通风且南墙涂有太阳能吸收涂层时,可以使得房间的耗电量节省约30%;房间的耗电量随南墙空气层厚度的增大而增大;南墙两个空气层以及房间之间的通风速率存在着最佳值,约为0.09 m3/s;在南墙安置导热系数较高的相变材料,而在屋顶安置导热系数较低的相变材料可以使房间具有更好的节能效果。总的来说,该具有通风腔的相变储能建筑围护结构能够实现对房间进行全年热管理的目的。在制冷和供暖季节下,它都可以起到降低建筑能耗的作用,在建筑节能领域上具有一定的应用前景。
Abstract
fang wu jian zhu zai quan shou ming zhou ji nei jiang xiao hao da liang de zi yuan he neng yuan ,jia kuai tui jin jian zhu jie neng gong zuo dui lu se di tan fa zhan mu biao de shi xian ju you chong yao yi yi 。jian zhu de re zeng liang he re sun shi yu wei hu jie gou de bao wen ge re neng li xi xi xiang guan 。er mu qian de jian zhu cai liao pu bian cun zai zhao re rong jiao xiao de que dian ,rong yi yin qi shi nei wen du de da fu du bo dong 。tong guo jiang xiang bian cai liao ji cheng dao jian zhu wei hu jie gou zhong ,ke yi li yong ji jiao da de qian re dui re neng jin hang chu cun he shi fang ,mi bu pu tong jian zhu cai liao chu re neng li cha de que xian ,cong er di gao shi nei shu kuo du ,jiang di jian zhu neng hao 。you yu you ji xiang bian cai liao jia ge jiao gao ,er ju ju you ke ran xing ,jiang ji ji cheng dao jian zhu shang bi ran hui zeng da huo zai yin huan he tou zi cheng ben 。xiang bi zhi xia ,na xie jia ge di lian 、bu yi ran er ju xiang bian wen du jie jin ren ti shu kuo wen du de shui ge mo ji yan geng kuo ge ying yong yu jian zhu wei hu jie gou zhong 。ben lun wen zhi li yu xin xing xiang bian chu neng jian zhu cai liao de zhi bei yi ji xiang bian chu neng wei hu jie gou de gou jian 。tong guo zhi bei chu xing neng wen ding he xiang bian wen du kuo yi de shui ge mo ji yan fu ge xiang bian cai liao ,jiang ji feng zhuang cheng xing hou ji cheng dao jian zhu wei hu jie gou shang ,cai yong shi yan yan jiu he shu zhi mo ni xiang jie ge de fang fa ,dui jian zhu wei hu jie gou jin hang you hua she ji bing ping jia ji jian zhu jie neng xiao guo 。ben wen shou xian zhi bei chu le guo leng du xiao ,qian re da ju re xing neng wen ding de CaCl2·6H2O/peng zhang dan mo （EG）fu ge xiang bian cai liao 。shua yong PVCban dui ji jin hang feng zhuang zhi de xiang bian ban ,bing yu jie gou bao wen ban qiang ti jie gou jie ge ,da jian shi yan fang jian mo xing ,ping gu fang jian re xing neng 。jie guo biao ming ,CaCl2·6H2O/EGxiang bian ban ke yi yan huan feng zhi wen du chu xian de shi jian ,jian xiao shi nei wen du de bo dong ,di gao ju zhu shu kuo du 。tong guo kao cha xiang bian ban zai qiang ti bu tong wei zhi xia de fang jian re xing neng ,fa xian xiang bian ban yue kao jin shi nei ,fang jian re xing neng yue hao 。tong guo shu zhi mo ni ,fa xian CaCl2·6H2O/EGxiang bian ban dui fang jian de zuo yong xiao guo yao you yu you ji fu ge xiang bian cai liao RT27/EGde 。xiang bi yu can kao fang ,liang ge xiang bian fang de jie neng lv fen bie wei 13.4he 12.7%。sui hou ,jian li yi ge da che du de fang jian mo xing ,dui han CaCl2·6H2O/EGfu ge xiang bian cai liao de fang jian jin hang le mo ni you hua ,ping gu fang jian zai bu tong yin su tiao jian xia de re xing neng 。jie guo biao ming ,xiang bi yu jin yi bu zeng da pao mo bao wen ban de hou du ,zeng da xiang bian ban de hou du ke yi geng you xiao de di gao fang jian de re xing neng ;ci wai ,gai xiang bian cai liao geng kuo ge ying yong yu zhou ye wen cha da de de ou ;zai bu tong jian zhu chao xiang shang ye ying shua ze bu tong xiang bian wen du de xiang bian cai liao ;tong guo kao cha gai xiang bian cai liao dui bu tong fang wu gou zao de re xing neng ying xiang ,fa xian hun ning tu qiang ti de jie neng lv zui gao ,zhuan qiang de feng wen shi jian yan chi zui da ,er jie gou bao wen ban qiang ti jie gou de cui jian yin zi zui xiao 。wei le shi xiang bian fang wu jie gou tong shi kuo yong yu zhi leng ji jie he gong nuan ji jie ,xu yao zai wei hu jie gou shang ji cheng liang chong ju you bu tong xiang bian wen du de xiang bian cai liao 。ben wen jiang CaCl2·6H2Oyu bu tong zhi liang fen shu de Mg（NO3）2·6H2Ojin hang gong rong ,zhi bei chu le yi ji lie ju you bu tong xiang bian wen du de CaCl2·6H2O-Mg（NO3）2·6H2Ogong rong xiang bian cai liao 。jie guo fa xian ,gong rong xiang bian cai liao de qian re zhi he xiang bian wen du sui zhao Mg（NO3）2·6H2Ohan liang de zeng da er jian xiao 。sui hou ,shua qu qian re zhi jiao da 、xiang bian wen du fen bie kuo yi yong yu zhi leng ji jie he gong nuan ji jie de CaCl2·6H2O-8wt%Mg（NO3）2·6H2Ohe CaCl2·6H2O-15wt%Mg（NO3）2·6H2O,tong guo jia ru kuo liang de cheng he ji SrCl2·6H2O,bing yu peng zhang dan mo fu ge ,zhi bei de dao xing neng wen ding de CaCl2·6H2O-Mg（NO3）2·6H2O/EGfu ge xiang bian cai liao 。shua yong zhen kong mi feng dai dui fu ge xiang bian cai liao jin hang le feng zhuang zhi de xiang bian wen du bu tong de liang kuai xiang bian ban ,cai yong nai gao wen de zu ran lv bo bo li qian wei bu jiang liang kuai xiang bian ban bao guo zai yi qi zhi de shuang ceng xiang bian ban ,bing yu lv chan ban jie ge zuo wei qiang ti gou jian ,da jian chu shi yan fang jian mo xing ,dui fang jian xia ji de re xing neng jin hang kao cha ,bing dui shu zhi mo xing de ke kao xing jin hang yan zheng 。jie guo fa xian gai shuang ceng xiang bian ban ke yi jiang di fang jian de wen du bo dong ,di gao shi nei de shu kuo du ;shi yan jie guo he mo ni jie guo de wen ge du ye jiao gao 。cai yong yan zheng hou de shu zhi mo xing ,dui han bu tong xiang bian wen du de CaCl2·6H2O-Mg（NO3）2·6H2O/EGfu ge xiang bian cai liao de fang jian jin hang mo ni you hua ,ping gu fang jian zai zhi leng ji jie he gong nuan ji jie xia de jie neng xiao guo 。jie guo biao ming ,jiang xiang bian ban fang zhi zai shi nei ke yi de dao jiao hao de jie neng xiao guo ,ji zhong xiang bian wen du jiao di de xiang bian cai liao bei an zhi zai na qiang shang ,er xiang bian wen du jiao gao de xiang bian cai liao bei an zhi zai wu ding shang ;na qiang shang de kuo yi xiang bian cai liao wei CaCl2·6H2O-15wt%Mg（NO3）2·6H2O/EG,wu ding he ji ta san mian qiang de kuo yi xiang bian cai liao wei CaCl2·6H2O-2wt%Mg（NO3）2·6H2O/EG;xiang bian ban hou du de zeng da ke yi jiang di fang jian de neng yuan xu qiu ,dan wu ding he na qiang de kuo yi xiang bian cai liao bu hui sui xiang bian ban hou du de gai bian er gai bian ;bei jing qi hou xia wu ding he na qiang de kuo yi xiang bian cai liao he ning xia qi hou xia de yi zhi ,er shang hai qi hou xia na qiang de kuo yi xiang bian cai liao ze wei CaCl2·6H2O-12wt%Mg（NO3）2·6H2O/EG。wei le jin yi bu di gao xiang bian cai liao de li yong xiao lv ,tong guo zai wu ding tian jia kong qi ceng yong yu xia ji de tong feng ,zai na qiang tian jia kong qi ceng yi ji bo li mu qiang gou jian le ju you shuang tong dao de tong feng tai yang neng qiang ,de dao yi chong xin xing de xiang bian chu neng jian zhu wei hu jie gou 。tong guo shu zhi mo ni ,dui gai xiang bian chu neng wei hu jie gou jin hang you hua she ji ,zeng ge kao cha le fang jian zai bu tong ying xiang yin su xia de quan nian hao dian liang 。jie guo biao ming ,na qiang de kuo yi xiang bian cai liao wei CaCl2·6H2O-8wt%Mg（NO3）2·6H2O/EG,wu ding de kuo yi xiang bian cai liao wei CaCl2·6H2O-2wt%Mg（NO3）2·6H2O/EG;dang na qiang he wu ding de kong qi ceng an zhao she ding de tong feng shi jian jin hang tong feng ju na qiang tu you tai yang neng xi shou tu ceng shi ,ke yi shi de fang jian de hao dian liang jie sheng yao 30%;fang jian de hao dian liang sui na qiang kong qi ceng hou du de zeng da er zeng da ;na qiang liang ge kong qi ceng yi ji fang jian zhi jian de tong feng su lv cun zai zhao zui jia zhi ,yao wei 0.09 m3/s;zai na qiang an zhi dao re ji shu jiao gao de xiang bian cai liao ,er zai wu ding an zhi dao re ji shu jiao di de xiang bian cai liao ke yi shi fang jian ju you geng hao de jie neng xiao guo 。zong de lai shui ,gai ju you tong feng qiang de xiang bian chu neng jian zhu wei hu jie gou neng gou shi xian dui fang jian jin hang quan nian re guan li de mu de 。zai zhi leng he gong nuan ji jie xia ,ta dou ke yi qi dao jiang di jian zhu neng hao de zuo yong ,zai jian zhu jie neng ling yu shang ju you yi ding de ying yong qian jing 。
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论文作者分别是来自华南理工大学的叶荣达，发表于刊物华南理工大学2019-10-23论文，是一篇关于建筑节能论文,相变材料论文,水合无机盐论文,膨胀石墨论文,模拟优化论文,华南理工大学2019-10-23论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用，各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载，文章观点不代表本站观点，资料来自华南理工大学2019-10-23论文网站，若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权，请联系我们删除。
标签：建筑节能论文; 相变材料论文; 水合无机盐论文; 膨胀石墨论文; 模拟优化论文; 华南理工大学2019-10-23论文;